INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1) What is SDLC? Software Life Cycle Model is a systematic approach to develop Software. 2) What are the phases in Software Development Life Cycle? (i) Requirements Gathering (ii) Analysis & Planning (iii) Software Design (vi) Release & Maintenance

(iv) Coding or Implementation (v) Testing

Note: Phase names may vary from one company to another 3) What is STLC? Software Testing Life Cycle or Software Test Process is a formal way to perform Testing. 4) What are the phases in Software Testing Life Cycle? (i) Test Planning (ii) Test Design (v) Bug tracking 5) What is Error? Any mismatch in Computer programming, another name is Mistake. 6) What is Defect or Bug? Any mismatch that found in testing phase 7) What is Failure? Any mismatch that found in production phase (Customer environment) 8. What is Acceptance Testing? Testing conducted to enable a user/customer to determine whether to accept a software product. Normally performed to validate the software meets a set of agreed acceptance criteria. 9. What is Accessibility Testing? Verifying a product is accessible to the people having disabilities (deaf, blind, mentally disabled etc.)
1

(iii) Test Execution (iv) (vii) Test Closure

Result Analysis

(vi) Bug Reporting

10. What is Coding? The generation of source code.

11. What is Integration Testing?

Testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. Usually performed after unit and functional testing. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.

12.How will you prepare Test plan. What are the techniques involved in preparing the Test plan
Test Plan will prepared btw TEST lead & as a Test engineer we involves in 1) Designing the test cases 2)Executing the test cases 3)Bug tracking d)Report defect How do you review test cases?
Reviewing test cases depend upon company stadards It can be Peer Review, team lead review, project manger review or some times client may also review the test cases to know what are all the approaches following for project."

What is the difference between Functional Requirement and Non-Functional Requirement? The Functional Requirement specifies how the system or application SHOULD DO where in Non Functional Requirement it specifies how the system or application SHOULD BE.

What is white box testing and black box testing?

white-box testing: in white box testing we use knowledge of the internal structure of system and in black box testing we ignore the internal of the system and focus on the relationship between inputs and outputs.
How Severity and Priority are related to each other? Severity- tells the seriousness/depth of the bug where as Priority- tells which bug should rectify first. Severity- Application point of view Priority- User point of view

High Severity and Low Priority -> Application doesn't allow customer expected configuration. High Severity and High Priority -> Application doesn't allow multiple user's. Low Severity and High Priority -> No error message to prevent wrong operation. Low Severity and low Priority -> Error message is having complex meaning. 6. What is Entry and Exit Criteria in Software Testing?

Entry Criteria is the process that must be present when a system begins, like,

SRS (Software Requirement Specification) FRS (Functional Requirement Specification) Use case Test Case Test plan

Exit Criteria ensures whether testing is completed and the application is ready for release, like,

Test Summary Report Metrics Defect Analysis report

What is the difference between bug log and defect tracking? Bug Log: Bug Log document showing the number of defect such as open, closed, reopen or

deferred of a particular module

Defect Tracking- The process of tracking a defect such as symptom, whether reproducible /not, priority, severity and status.
What are Integration Testing and Regression Testing? Integration Testing: Combining the modules together & construct software architecture. To test the communication & data flow White & Black box testing techniques are used It is done by developer & tester

Regression Testing It is re-execution of our testing after the bug is fixed to ensure that the build is free from bugs. Done after bug is fixed It is done by Tester

Explain Boundary value testing?

Boundary value testing is a technique to find whether the application is accepting the expected range of values and rejecting the values which falls out of range
What is Security testing?

Security testing is the process that determines that confidential data stays confidential Or Testing how well the system protects against unauthorized internal or external access, willful damage, etc?
What is Ad-hoc testing?

Ad hoc testing is concern with the Application Testing without following any rules or test cases. For Ad hoc testing one should have strong knowledge about the Application.
Sample Test Case:

Test Case ID

Test Case Input Description Data

Expected Result

Actual Result

Pass/Fail

Remarks

Sample Bug Case:

S. no Links

Bug ID

Description

Initial Bug Status

Retesting Bug Status

Conf Bug Status

Functional Testing vs Non-Functional Testing

Testing developed application against business requirements. Testing the application based on the clients and performance requirement.

What is Automation?

General definition: Manual Process to mechanized process Software Industry definition: Automation is a Microsoft technology that makes it possible to access software objects inside one application from other applications. These objects can be created and manipulated using a scripting or programming language such as VBScript or VC++. Automation enables you to control the functionality of an application programmatically.

What is Test Automation?

Automating Software Test process using Test Tools

What is Test Tool?

Test tool is software application it performs test operations based on user instructions.
What are the disadvantages of Manual Testing?

i) Huge Amount of Human Resources as well as Environment (Test lab) ii) Time taking process iii) Less Accuracy iv) Tiredness
What are the advantages of Test Automation?

i) Fast: Tools are faster in execution than human users ii) Reliable: Tools are reliable in complex calculations and tasks iii) Reusable: we can reuse Automated Tests on multiple versions of Software (Ex: Sanity Tests, Regression Tests) iv) Repeatable: we can repeat same operations with multiple sets of Test Data (Ex: Data driven Tests) v) Programmable: we can use flow control statements for applying logic (Scope of Automated Tests is very high than Manual Test Cases) vi) Comprehensive: we can execute series of Tests without human interaction (Ex: Batch Testing)
6) What are the drawbacks of Test Automation?

i) Test design requires lot of efforts ii) 100% test automation impractical iii) All types of testing not possible (Ex: Usability)

10) Give some examples for Functional & Regression Test Tools?

HP- QuickTest Professional (QTP) IBM- Rational Functional Tester (RFT)

5

Micro Focus- Silk Test Test Complete , Test Partner , Selenium (Open Source) 11) Give some examples for Performance Test Tools? HP-LoadRunner IBM-Rational Performance Tester (RPT) Micro Focus- Silk Performer , JMeter (Open Source) Etc..
12) Give some examples for Test management Tools?

HP- Quality Center / ALM Jira , Rational QA Director

Etc.. 13) Give some examples for Defect Management Tools?

Bugzilla,

Issue-Tracker, PR-Trac

..Etc

What is the deference between Automation tools and Management tools?

Automation tools interact with software applications, Test management tools dont interact with software applications. Test management tools only for documentation and generation reports where as Automation tools execute our software applications.
15)What is Functional Testing?

Testing based on an analysis of the specification of the functionality of a component or system.

16) What is Regression Testing?

Testing of a previously tested program following modification to ensure that defects have not been introduced or uncovered in unchanged areas of the software, as a result of the changes made. It is performed when the software or its environment is changed
18) What are the important operations in Database Testing?

Data Integrity, Data Manipulations, Data Comparisons, Data Retrieval, Data back-up and recovery operations etc...
6

Who uses QTP Tool?

HP- QuickTest Professional is an Industry leading Functional & Regression Test tool and it supports advanced keyword driven test approach. Automatio Testers and End users use QTP Tool

3) What are the different types of files to be created and executed during test automation using QTP Tool?

Files to be used: a) Flat files (.txt) b) Excel files (.xls) d) XML files (.xml) c) Object repository files (.tsr) f) Test Scripts (.mts) i) Test Result file (.XML) Etc...

e) Library files (.vbs/.qfl)

g) Test Batch Files (.mtb) h) Recovery scenario files (.qrs)

What is Record/Playback or Linear Framework?

Description: In this approach tests can be created and executed using recording feature. Advantages: i) Easy to create and takes less time ii) Scripting knowledge is optional

iii) Recommended for small scale projects iv) Recommended for dynamically changing requirements Disadvantages: i) No centralized maintenance of test objects ii) Low in performance due to duplicate objects iii) Less or no concentration on complex functionality testing iv) Less or no concentration on data driven testing v) No centralized maintenance of resources
What is Modular Framework?

Description: In this approach tests can be created and executed using reusable components. Advantages:

i) Centralized maintenance of resources iii) Modifications are easy Disadvantages: i) Scripting knowledge is mandatory iii) Takes more time to create
7) What is Data Driven Framework?

ii) High in performance

iv) Concentration on complex functionality testing

ii) Less or no concentration on data driven testing

Description: In this approach tests can be executed using multiple sets of test data Advantages: i) Positive and negative testing can be performed Disadvantages: i) Maintaining resources is difficult. ii) Less or no concentration on complex functionality testing
8) What is Keyword Driven framework?

ii) Checking the reliability of system (AUT)

In this approach tests can be created and executed using keywords

9) What is Hybrid Framework?

It is a combination of 2 or more approaches Ex: Modular framework and Data driven framework Or

Keyword Driven framework or Data driven framework Advantages: i) Scope is very high as we mix different approaches. ii) Flexible for performing all types of tasks. Drawbacks: i) Organizing and managing resources are difficult

ii) Complex architecture. iii) Low in performance.

What is keyword? 8

Any word used as the key to a code Or A reserved word used to identify a specific command or function or method or statement or operator or object etc. What are the important keywords that we use in QTP? a) Test Objects (EX: Browser, page, webEdit, WinButton---etc) b) Functions (Built-In and User defined) c) Methods (Ex: Set, Select, Activate, Navigate---etc) d) Statements (EX:Dim ,If, For, Exit, wait, option explicit ---etc) e) Operators (EX: +,/,*,and, or, not---etc) What is folder structure?

In order to create, store, organize and manage files, a well defined folder structure is required. Folder structure is a mandatory element of any framework, but folder names may vary from one framework to another and company to another.
Give an example for Folder structure?

Folder Structure: 1. Object Repository 2. Environment 3. Function Library a) Company b) Project Specific

4. Test Data 5. Test Result 6. Recovery Scenarios 7. Organizer 8. Drivers 9. Miscellaneous And Initialization script (.vbs file) What is the extension of script and object repository files? Object Repository : .tsr , Script : .mts, Excel : Default.xls
How many types of Parameters are available in QTP? QTP provides three types of Parameters like:

a) Method Argument

b) Data Driven

c) Dynamic