V* s = design shear force to be transferred by means of the shear key The actual length of the shear key L s is then

determined based on the available plate depth in contact with the concrete, which, referring to Fig. 58, is equal to (b s t g). The design moment per unit width of plate m* sk carried by the shear key can then be calculated as follows: m* sk = V* s bs + tg Ls 2 (99)

where: m* sk = design moment to be carried to the shear key L s = length of shear key b s = depth of shear key t g = grout thickness Equating the design moment to the plastic nominal section moment capacity of the shear key the following is obtained (per unit width of plate): m* sk = 0.9f ys t 2 V* s s bs + tg = = m sk Ls 2 4 (100)

to resist the part of the design shear force that cannot be resisted by friction. For shear keys located near a free concrete edge it should be verified that the concrete is able to carry the applied shear action. The possible failure surface is the one which radiates at 45 degrees from the shear keys edges towards the concrete edge. The concrete capacity should be determined by multiplying the effective concrete stress area, determined as the projected area of the failure surface on the concrete edge ignoring the shear key area, by the average concrete tensile stress of 0.33 f c (where f c is in MPa) with is equal to 0.85. [2] The weld of the shear key shall be designed to carry both design shear and moment actions acting on the shear key. It is interesting to note that the shear key can be welded to the underside of the base plate at any angle even if it is common to choose directions parallel to one or both of the principal axes of the column as these are usually the axes along which the shear needs to be transferred. Reference [26] extends this design procedure for shear keys in two orthogonal directions applying the same design procedure in both orthogonal directions.

where: m sk = nominal section moment capacity per unit width of shear key f ys = yield stress of shear key used in design t s = thickness of shear key from which the minimum thickness for the shear key t sk can be calculated in accordance with AS4100 as follows: ts =

6.4.

TRANSFER OF SHEAR BY THE ANCHOR BOLTS - LITERATURE REVIEW Shear only or Shear and Axial Compression

6.4.1.

4m * sk = 0.9f ys

V* s bs + tg 2 L s 0.9f ys

(101)

or equivalently the shear capacity of a shear key is calculated as: V s = 0.9f ys t 2 sL s bs + tg 2 (102)

where: V s = design shear capacity of the shear key ts V* c tg 0.85f c bs

An anchor bolt located away from a concrete edge and with sufficient embedment length would typically transfer the shear through bearing at the surface of the concrete and testing has shown that this transfer mode could cause a concrete wedge to form as shown in Fig. 59. It has been observed that the depth of the concrete wedge can be approximated to be one quarter of the anchor bolt diameter. In the presence of a base plate the translation of the concrete wedge is prevented by a clamping force provided by the base plate and anchor bolts. While the anchors behaviour remains in the elastic range the clamping force applied by the anchor bolt and base plate is proportional to the shear force. Applied Shear d f4 Concrete Wedge

Shear Key

df

Figure 58 Forces acting on Shear Keys (Ref. [26])

In the presence of combined shear and axial compression actions, the shear key is normally assumed

Figure 59 Concrete wedge failure mode under anchor bolt shear force (Ref. [31])
Locating an anchor bolt near the concrete free edge could lead to another failure mode to occur as shown in Fig. 60. The concrete failure surface is determined by radiating at 45 degrees from the anchor bolt at the
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 36 NUMBER 2 SEPT 2002

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