FUTURE TENSE

A future tense is a verb form that makes event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in future. The future expressed by the future tense usually means the future relative to the moment of speaking, although in contexts where relative tense is used it may mean the future relative to some other point in time under consideration. Future tense can be denoted by the glossing abbreviation.

FUTURE TENSE

He will finish his work tomorrow

He is going to finish his work tomorrow

Will or be going to is used to express future time ( The use shall with I or We to express future time is possible but uncommon in American English. Shall is used much more frequently in British than in American English. WILL VERSUS BE GOING TO There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future. This page is an introduction to the most important ones: - Predictions/statements of fact - Intentions/prior plan - Scheduled events/willingness

To express a PREDICTION either WILL or BE GOING TO is used : a. According to the weather report, it will When the speaker is making prediction (a statement be cloudy tomorrow about something s/he thinks will be true or will

b. According to the weather report, it is occur in the future). Either will or be going to is going to be cloudy tomorrow c. Be careful! Youll hurt your self possible There is no difference in meaning between (a) and

d. Watch out! Youre going to hurt (b) yourself! There is no difference in meaning between (c) and (d)

Example : The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow. Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual. In the year 2050 all students will have their own computers in school. If you help me, I will help you. Do you think she will come soon? You won't pass your exams if you don't start working harder. I know my parents won't let me go to the party. Will it snow for Christmas? I know she's sick, but will she be back in school tomorrow?

To express a PRIOR PLAN only BE GOING TO is used : a. A: Why did you buy this paint? When the speaker is expressing a prior plan

B: Im going to paint my bedroom (something the speaker intends to do in the future tomorrow. because in the past s/he has made a plan or decision to do it), onlye be going to is used * In (e) : speaker B has made a prior plan. She decided to paint her bedroom lastweek. She intends to paint her bedroom tomorrow. b. I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of In (f): the speaker knows Bobs intention to buy a

taking the bus to work. Hes going to car. Bob made the decision in the past future. Will buy a car. Thats what he told me. *COMPARE : Situation 1 : a. Are you busy this evening? b. Yes. Im going to meet Jack at the Library at seven. Were going to study together. In situation 1, only be going to is possible. The speaker has a prior plan, so he uses be going to. Situation 2 : a. Are you busy this evening? b. Well, I really havent made any plans. Ill eat/Im going to eat dinner, of course. And the Ill probably watch/ Im probably going to watch TV for a little while. In situation 2 , either will or be going to is possible. Speaker B has not planned his evening. He is predicting his evening (rather than starting any prior plans), so he may use either will or be going to. is not appropriate in (e) and (f)

Example : We're going to buy a new car next month. I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school. In the new year I'm going to stop eating so much junk. He's not going to go to the dance. He's got too much work. I'm not going to watch TV until my science project is finished. Are you going to play basketball after school? What are you going to have for lunch today?

Note: going to is often used in the past tense to talk about an unfulfilled intention. Examples: I was going to study for my grammar test, but I had no time. / He was going to call you, but he couldn't find his mobile phone. / My grandmother was going to visit us, but she fell and broke her arm. To express WILLINGNESS only WILL is used : a. A: The phones ringing B: Ill get it In (g) : Speaker B is saying : I am willing, I am happy to get the phone. he is not making a

prediction. He has made no prior plan to answer the phone. He is, instead, volunteering to answer the phone and uses will to show his willingness b. A: I dont understand this problem In (h) : Speaker B feels sure about the teachers

B: Ask your teacher about it. She ll help willingness to help. Be going to is not you. Example : Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes. I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York at midnight the next day. She has an appointment with the headmaster after school today. There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes. When does the meeting begin? appropriate in (g) and (h)

Expressing the future in time clauses a. Bob will come soon. When Bob comes , In (a): when Bob comes is a time clauses. we will se him When + subject + verb= a time clauses

b. Linda is going to leave soon. Before she Will or be going to is not used in a time clause. leaves, she is going to finish her work The meaning of the clause is future, but the

c. I will get home at 5.30. After I get home, simple present tense is used. I will eat dinner A time claused begins such words as when , before,

d. The taxi will arrive soon. As soon as it after, as soon as, until and includes a subject and a arrives, well be able to leaver for the air verb. The time clause can come either at beginning port. of the sentence or in the second part of sentence : e. They are going to come soon. Ill wait When he comes, well se him here until they come Or Well see him when he comes (f) I will go to bed after I finish my work Occasionally, the present perfect is used in a time

(g) I will go to bed after I have finished my clause, as in (g) : examples (f) and (g) have the work. same meaning. The present perfect stresses the

completion of the act in the time clause before the order act occurs in the future. *A time clause is an adverb clause. Example : Peter is going to leave in half an hour. He will finish all of his work before he leaves.

Using the present progressive and the simple present to express future time Present progressive The present progressive may be used to

a. My wife has an appointment with a express future time when the idea of doctor. Shes seeing Dr. North next sentence concerns a planned event or Tuesday definite intention.

b. Sam has already made his plans. He (COMPARE: A verb such as rain is not used us leaving at noon tomorrow. to present progressive to indicate future

c. A:what are you going to do this time because rain is not a planned event. ) afternoon? A future meaning for the present

B: after lunch I am meeting a friend progressive is indicate either by present of mine. We are going shopping. progressive tense is indicated either by Would you come along? future time words in the sentence or by context. Simple present d. The museum opens at ten tomorrow The simple present can also be used to express morning e. Classes begins next week f. future time in sentences that concerns events that are on a definite schedule or time table.

Johns plan arrives at 6.50 pm next The sentence usually contain future time Monday. words. Only a few verbs are used in this way. Example: open, close, begin, end, start, finish, arrive, leave , come, return.

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

a. I will begin to study at seven You will come at eight. I will be studying when you come b. Dont call me at nine because I wont be home. I am going to be studying at the library c. Dont get impatient. She will be coming soon d. Dont get impatient. She will come soon

The future progressive expresses an activity that will be in progress at time in the future

The progressive of be going to : Be going to + be + -ing

Sometimes, there is little or no dofference between the future progressive and the simple future, especially when the future event will occur at an indefinite time in the future as in (d) and (e)

FUTURE PERFECT a. I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the next time I see you, I will have graduated. b. I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight the future perfect expresses activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future. (notice in the examples : by the time introduces a time clause: the simple present is used in a time clause)

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE a. I will go to bed at ten PM. He will get home at midnight. At midnight I will be sleeping. I will have been sleeping for two hours by the time he gets home b. When professor Jones retires next month , he will have taught for 45 years c. When professor Jones retires next month , he will have been teaching for 45 years Sometimes the future perfect and the future perfect progressivity expressed the same meaning. As in d and e. also, notice that the act by either of these two tense may begin in the past. The future perfect progressive emphasizes the duration of an activity that will be in progress before another time or event in the future.

SOURCE: Schrampher Azar Betty, English Grammar understanding and using , Second Edition,1989 Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey http://ukhwanfachnizar.wordpress.com/2013/03/31/jenis-jenis-16-tense/ (taken on Saturday, October 5th 2013) http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html(taken on Saturday, October 5th 2013) http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/future.htm(taken on Saturday, October 5th 2013) http://www.english-test.net/lessons/20/index.html(taken on Saturday, October 5th 2013) http://crack-ibpsexams.blogspot.com/2012/12/english-grammar-future-tense-and-types.html (taken on Saturday, October 5th 2013)