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TRIGONOMETRY
Side Opposite to C
B Side Adjacent to C C
In the above figure ∆ABC is a right angled triangle. ∠ C is an acute angle. Side BC is
the Side Adjacent to ∠ C and side AB is the Side Opposite to ∠ C .
Side Opposite to ∠ C AB p
sinC = = =
Hypotenuse AC h
BC b
cosC = =
AC h
AB p
tanC = =
BC b
AC h
cosecC = =
AB p
AC h
secC = =
BC b
BC b
cotC = =
AB p
35 Units
C B
21 Units
B C
Now, Suppose BC = AB = a.
Then by Pythagoras Theorem, AC² = AB² + BC² = a² + a² = 2a²,
and, therefore, AC = a 2
Using the definitions of the trigonometric ratios, we have :
AB a 1
sin 45° = = =
AC a 2 2
As cosec is reciprocal to sin
So, cosec 45°= 2
BC a 1
cos 45°= = =
AC a 2 2
And sec 45°= 2
AB a
Tan 45°= = =1
BC a
And cot 45°= 1
B D C
p p h
sin 90°= = = =1
h p h
b 0
cos 90°= = =0
h h
p p
tan 90= = =Undefined, also depicted as ∞
b 0
Angle Ratios:
2 2 2
tan A 0 1 1 3 ∞
3
cosec A ∞ 2 2 2 1
3
sec A 1 2 2 2 1
3
cot A ∞ 3 1 1 0
3
B C
So, ∠ A is complementary to ∠ C
AB
1. Now, in ∆ABC, sin C =
AC
BC
And sin A =
AC
BC
Or, sin (90°-C) =
AC
BC
The value of cos C =
AC
So it can be written that sin(90°-C) = cos C
Or, sin (90°-θ) = cos θ
AB
2. cos A = = cos (90°-C) = sin C
AC
So, cos (90°-θ) = sin θ
AB
3. tan C =
BC
BC
cot C =
AB
BC
tan (90°-C) = = cot C
AB
Or, tan (90°-θ) = cot θ
And cot (90°-θ) = tan θ
Trigonometric Identities
This is true for all A such that 0° ≤ A ≤ 90°. So, this is a trigonometric identity.
Solution:
cos² A + sin² A
b p
=( )² + ( )²
h h
b² + p²
=
h²
h²
= = 1 proved
h²
2. 1+tan² A = sec² A
solution:
b²+ p² = h²
dividing the above equation by b² we get
b² p² h²
+ =
b² b² b²
Or, 1 + tan² A = sec² A proved
cot² A + 1 = cosec² A