Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
This Presentation:
Imperialists vs. Anti-Imperialists The US Opens Trade with Japan (by force) The Open Door Policy in China The Boxer Rebellion The Philippine-American War US establishing a government for Puerto Rico Panama Canal The Roosevelt Corollary Tafts Dollar Diplomacy Wilsons Interventions in Latin America (Mexican bandit/rebel leader Pancho Villa)
Imperialists
Even during the late-1890s, many Americans felt uneasy about forcing colonial rule on others. Many still felt that one of Americas founding characteristics was opposition to imperialism. In 1898, the Anti-Imperialist League was formed in response to all the talk of imperial land grabs after the Spanish-American War. It consisted of a wide range of people; including Progressive reformers, nativists, and industrial leaders. Two famous members were Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie. Many Progressives in the League opposed imperialism for moral reasons (protecting rights, etc.); and industrial leaders in the League opposed imperialism because they saw it as a waste of government money and/or a challenge to local markets.
Anti-Imperialists
In 1854, Commodore Matthew Perrys fleet entered the harbor of Edo, Japans capital at the time, and forced the Shogun to sign the 1854 Convention of Kanegawa, which required Japan to open its ports to US trade. Meiji Restoration (1890s), Japan had adopted many Western ways, modernized and expanded their military, and had become the first Asian industrial power. Japan defeated China in 1895 (Sino-Japanese War), and later sunk nearly all of Russias navy in the Russo-Japanese War of 19041905. Pres. Teddy won a Nobel Peace Prize for helping Rus. and Japan negotiate Treaty of Portsmouth.
US Imperialism in Japan
Lasted from February 1904 to September 1905. Russia and Japan attempted to negotiate over what parts of China and Korea they would have their spheres of influence in. Russia refused to negotiate, and Russian businesses encroached on Japanese territory; so Japan attacked Russia at Port Arthur (in China) on Feb. 8th, 1904. By the end of the war, Russia had lost nearly all of its navy and territory in eastern Asia.
President Teddy Roosevelt won a Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth in Maine, which ended the Russo-Japanese War.
Russo-Japanese War
These political cartoons represented how Chinese citizens and anti-imperialists felt that China was being divided-up by foreign powers.
In 1899, a Chinese nationalist terrorist group called the Righteous and Harmonious Fists began conducting terrorist attacks on Westerners living in China. Westerners called them the Boxers because their emblem was a clenched fist. The rebellion lasted from 1899-1903, and took place mostly in Northern China. President McKinley sent 5,000 American troops, who worked with European and Japanese armies, to quell the rebellion in China. (Siege of Beijing (Peiking) embassies)
(Boxers)
After the Spanish-American War, The 1898 Treaty of Paris required Spain to officially surrender the Philippines islands to American Control. Emilio Aguinaldo, former US ally and leader of a Filipino nationalist rebel group, declared himself President and refused to let the US have control. (1899-1902) The war ended in an American victory, and the US kept control of the Philippines until after WWII.
Puerto Rico is a small island in the Caribbean Sea, about 100 miles long and 35 miles wide. After the 1898 Treaty of Paris was signed with Spain, Puerto Rico became a US territory. In May of 1900, the US established a Puerto Rican government where the Governor and Upper House legislators were appointed by the US government; and the Lower House legislators were elected by local votes.
Puerto Rico
Before the Panama Canal was constructed, getting from the Atlantic to the Pacific involved a long journey. During the Spanish-American War, US naval ships in San Francisco had to sail ~16,000 miles around the tip of South America in order to reach the Caribbean. In 1903, Roosevelt used the US navy to help Panama gain its independence from Columbia. In return for this, Panama let the US rent a 10-mile strip Canal Zone. The Panama Canal was completed in 1914, at the cost of $400 million; and thousands of lives lost to Yellow Fever and accidents. However, traveling from NY to San Fran. by ship now only took 20 days.
Wilson continued Roosevelt and Tafts tradition of using military force to intervene in Latin America. He sent troops in Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic to protect American interests; and he also purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917. In regards to Mexico, Wilson turned to
support President Carranza against the rebel leader: Pancho Villa. In March of 1916, Villas bandits attacked the city of Columbus, New Mexico. In response, Wilson sent US troops under General John J. Pershing into Mexico. They killed many of Villas men, but failed to capture Pancho himself. They were withdrawn in 1917. (Gen. Pershing)