CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Children are the source of inspiration and hope for the society. Every society wishes to bring up its children in an atmosphere of love and care and in peace and harmony. However millions of children are forced to live and work in critical circumstances. Child labour is so commonplace that to many Nepalese, it is unremarkable and therefore invisible. Its root lies in poverty of rural Nepalese, in the general ignorance of the value of education and of child rights, in the excess of a feudal system that in many ways still operates and in certain religious and cultural practices which persist into modern times, despite their prohibition by Nepali Constitutions and legislations to protect the rights of children. Children in this country make an integral part of workforce in every sector, from agriculture to industries. Children living in least developed countries face more serious problems with regard to their survival, development and protection. Fetching water, collecting firewood, cattle minding, looking after young siblings and assisting parents in working in the field are among the responsibilities of the rural children. Beside they also help family by working as hired labourers in domestic service, construction and agricultural works. Because of this and in hope of earning money they migrate towards the city but they forget that without proper education and proper skill they have null chances of earning good sum of money. Due to lack of skill education and training for migrated children they may not have sufficient alternatives to survive and there are no jobs they need. In this situation knowingly or unknowingly rule of struggles for existence would operate.

As a result many of them are doomed to be child labour working for seths, mahajans, etc. Also they are forced to do the dominant works like rag picking, prostitution, begging, etc. Similarly migrated children make a large chunk of street children in the city centres.
Majority of children have chosen working against education because they failed to distinguish the importance between the two. But it is suggested that children who want to work should know that education not only makes them wiser and skilled but helps them in their work only. Also good education and training develops a healthy and qualified manpower for the country.

1.1.1 Introduction of CWIN Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Center (CWIN) is a pioneer child rights organization in Nepal. It was established in 1987 by a group of university students as a movement which brought a fresh approach to social work, defying the convention of charity and heralding a new concept of rights, empowerment and activism. Staffing of with a small team of workers and lacking resources, it has now established itself as the centre of the child rights movement in Nepal. It believes that every child has an inherent right to justice, peace and freedom, and deserves access to all fundamental human needs. CWIN carries out research into child labour in all sectors of the Nepalese economy. It provides support to street children through its Common Room Programme and has extended its Literacy Programme to several projects in Bagmati State and the tea plantations in Ilam and Jhapa. CWIN provides about more than 90 places in public and private schools for disadvantaged children through its Education Sponsorship Programme. It is an advocate organization for child rights with focus on child labour, street children, child abuse, trafficking in children and other related issues. CWIN acts as childrens voice lobbying, campaigning and pressurizing the government to protect and promot e childrens right in the country, and to end all kinds of exploitation, abuse and discrimination against children in its different local and national programmes. CWIN raises public awareness through organizing seminars, workshops, exchanges and exhibitions and publishes the results of its research in periodic reports. It also publishes a monthly newsletter in Nepali, Bal Sarokar, and the quarterly magazine, Voice of Child Workers, in English. Both have become an important resource for those concerned with child rights. It also directly works with the children at risk for their rescue, support, socialization, education, empowerment and social reintegration. CWIN is a voice for children. It believes that working for children is just not a charitable action but one which

can bring about social change. In order to translate the CWIN conception of working for
children with children into action, priority is given to promoting and ensuring childrens right to participation.

CWIN promotes link with other social action groups sharing similar aims and encourages local communities to set up child development programmes in the isolated rural areas. It campaigns nationally and internationally to make the rights enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child a reality for Nepals children. CWIN is registered under

HMG/District Administration Office/Kathmandu, No: 517 047 048 and is affiliated with Social Welfare Council (SWC) No. 409/2048.

Table No. 1.1

Branches and sub-branches of CWIN

Head office Branch offices Ravi Bhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal Biratnagar Pokhara

Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre 1.1.1.1 Friends of CWIN CWIN has been running a Public Participatory Programme to gather support, solidarity and promote participation of individuals, groups and organization towards CWIN movements for the rights of child.

CWIN has been receiving continuous support and solidarity from organizations like: a) Quinoa & Salaai Belgium b) United World College South East Asia in Singapore c) Defense for Children International Finland d) Children in Crisis UK e) Aperion Italy f) Nepal Analyst Group Japan g) Profit for Worlds Children Holland h) KEPA Finland

1.1.1.2 Major Working Partners CWIN works with different international NGOs in the spirit of partnership in action for realizing its objectives to advocate on child related issues and to support children at risk. The major partners of CWIN are i) ii) iii) iv) Save the children (Norway - Nepal) FORUT (FORUT - Norway) Plan Nepal GRT (GRT Ital 3

1.1.1.3 Working Districts of CWIN

CWIN operates its work in the following districts of Nepal. Table No. 1.2 Udaypur Jhapa Morang Bhojpur Sunsari

Eastern Region

Central Region

Chitwan Dhading Bhaktapur Lalitpur Kathmandu Nuwakot Makwanpur Sindhupalchowk Dolkha Kavreplanchowk

Western region

Nawalparasi Baglung Palpa Kaski Parbat Arghakhanchi Kapilvastu

Mid Western Region

Surkhet Banke Mugu Dailekh Zazarkot Rolpa Rukum Salyan Kanchanpur Kailali

Far Western Region

Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre

1.1.1.4 CWIN and its parts

Some of the parts of CWIN which are operating in the valley are as follows:

i. Clinic It is a 24-hr medical clinic. Staffed with qualified and renowned doctors and nurses, it offers every kind of services related with pharmacy. Street children are provided with proper treatment before they are sent to various centres of CWIN.

ii. CWIN Sajha Thalo Situated at Bafal it is a home for those children who work and live in the street, for children with no parents, for the runaway children, etc. As the name refers it is a commonplace for all the children who come from difficult circumstances.

iii. Rehabilitation Centre Also known as CWIN Transit Home, it offers accommodation for boys of different age groups. Here they are kept for specific time period and within that time attempts are made to re-unite them with their family.

iv. CWIN Boys Peace Hostel As the name refers it is a peace hostel for boys associated with armed groups and armed forces keeping in mind their safety and education. The hostel offers educational and health support, counseling and social re-integration. It also creates opportunities for skill development and promotes self-reliance.

v. CWIN Peace Home It is a crisis management centre for girl child survivors of Nepals armed conflict a s well as former girl child soldiers. It is situated at Panauti. For the reconciliation of the children affected by the ongoing conflict it runs different integrated programmes like education support, health, recreation, psychosocial counseling, peace education and children empowerment programmes.

vi. CWIN Balika Griha CWIN Balika Griha is under the existing programme for children at risk. It extends the needed support to children (girl) in conflict by providing transit placement, health services, education and vocational training, adolescent education, life skills training and more.

vii. CWIN Helpline It is a 24hr open emergency line maintained by CWIN for street children, child labour, child abuse, etc. Matters relating to these mentioned issues can be put forwarded to CWIN via this helpline anytime by anyone who may have an eye over these issues. After getting the information the field staff of CWIN looks over the issue liaison with security personnels i.e. police.

1.1.2 Main Activities of CWIN

The following are main activities conducted by CWIN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Promoting childrens rights through advocacy Protecting and empowering girls at risk Self-reliance center: A window of opportunity for young people at risk Street children get more than just beating the winter chill in the camps Working together brings hope for street kids Helplines protecting the rights of children at risk Helping children to make their schooling possible Research for action Raising hopes of tiny tots brought up amidst violence Children as zones of peace campaign Shanti Griha: A home for children with scars of war Exploitation to education Working towards minimizing the harms of alcohol, tobacco and drugs Making passengers aware of trafficking and child abuse Child rights forum: A growing association of children for their rights Children in crisis reunited with family CWIN Pokhara working with community partners for community conscientisation Children initiate street theatre for public awareness on the rights of children Building capacities of stakeholders to strengthen the child rights movement Networking and alliance building

1.1.3 CWIN Management Structure

CWIN is governed by a General Assembly consisting of 300 members, which elects an Executive Board of seven members. The board meets very three months. The Executive Board nominates an Executive Coordinator who heads the programme committee to formulate and implement plans of action.

1.1.3.1 CWIN Programme Structure

CWIN Programme Structure
General Assembly Executive Board Childrens Advisory Advisory Committee Fundraising Committee

Executive Coordinator Programme Coordinators

Advocacy & Campaign

Admin. Finance & HRD

For Children With Children

Community Work & Networking

Information, Publication

Gender Mainstreaming

Programmes

Child Rights Watch, Support & Social Reintegration

Child Participation

Natural Resources Centres

Advocacy Through Action

Community Conscientisation on ROC

Helplines

Child Rights Forum Street Theatre CWIN Sports Club

Action Research

Advocacy & Awareness

Community Support for Children Community Development Programmes

Rescues, Relief, Referral & Legal

Human Resource Development Information Dissemination

Lobbying

Campaign

Transit Centres and Contact Centre

IEC Media Mobilization

Volunteer & Resource Mobilization

Childrens Homes & Hostels Health Clinic & Counselling Empowerment & Leadership Building

CHILDREN

Networking and Partnership

Education & Training for Self Reliance

Working Children Street Children Adolescents at Risk Survivors of Trafficking

Survivors of Abuse & Exploitation Children in Armed Conflict

1.1.3.2 The Jobs Children Do in Nepal

The jobs children do in Nepal are as follows: Agriculture Livestock tending, planting, harvesting, ploughing, fishing. Cottage Industry Pottery, carpet and cloth weaving, candle-making, thanka painting, poultry farming. Manufacture Printing, bricks, bread, garments, matches, cigarettes, soap, shoes, plastics. Plantation Tea, sugarcane, tobacco. Domestic Caring for parents, servants. Catering Hotels, tea shops, restaurants, bars. Selling Street hawking, petrol pump attendant, shop assistant, shoe shining, newspaper vending and delivery. Manual Labour Rock breaking, mechanic, sweeper, road and building site worker, carpenter. Tourist and Travel Industry Portering, circus performer, rafting and trekking guide, bus-conductor, rickshaw puller. Other Ways Children Earn Money Rag picking, prostitution, begging.

1.2 CWIN Programmes of Action

CWIN Programmes of Actions are as follows: i. Advocacy Through Action Advocacy is the giving of support to a cause. Advocacy through action is CWINs major approach to its work. Being an organization working for the child rights it believes that giving support and power to the children will develop them in a positive way making this positive attitude sustain for a longer period of time. It organizes campaigns on local level as well as on national level to emphasize the child rights and to bring positive change in policy

and to the lives of children at risk. Besides it also releases advocacy materials, organizes trainings and community actions for sensitization on child rights. ii. Research and Information CWIN conducts various research activities to raise awareness, influence policy and to guide CWINs programmes. Likewise, it runs a National Resource and Information Centre for information. Also it runs websites like www.cwin.org.np and www.childlabournepal.org and a mailing list on child labour for worldwide information dissemination. Besides it also runs various knowledge based programme like CWIN Local Action against Alcohol and Drugs and publishes a monthly e-newsletter on children in armed conflict entitled Children are Zones of Peace. iii. For Children, With Children While working as an advocate for child rights, it is most important to listen to the children themselves. CWIN believes in working with children and empowering them for realization of their rights. The society in which we live is as much for our children as it is for us so CWIN empowers childrens club and child rights forums as well as organizes activities to promote peace such as the Children as Zones of Peace (CAZOP) campaign. iv. Support for Children at Risk CWIN feels the need to support the children at risk for their emergency help, socialization, education and capacity building for social re-integration and empowerment for which it runs a Helpline system with hotline telephone, ambulance, counseling, medical & legal services. Besides it runs Contact centre in the Central Bus Terminal, Hamro Sajha Thalo, Balika Griha, CWIN Bal Kendra, Sunrise Homes, CWIN centre for Self-Reliance, CWIN Socialization Centre and many more for the cause of supporting children at risk. v. CWIN Programme to address Children in Conflict

CWINs programme on children in armed conflict aims to raise awareness on the issue, provide humanitarian services and empower the voices of children who are the victims of ongoing armed conflict in Nepal. In the areas affected by the conflict it has become obvious that children are often denied overall fundamental rights, so CWIN has undertaken the policy of working as an advocate for child rights in general. CWINs programme offers emergency and educational support, shelter, socialization and empowerment activities as well as counseling services for children affected by the conflict. Under the children in conflict programme CWIN organizes events and
9

interactions between children and adults addressing that children should not have any role in armed conflicts. CWIN has established a National Resource Centre on Children in Conflict (NRCIC) to raise awareness, enhance human resources and disseminate information for reliable information. 1.3 Objectives of the study
The main objectives of the study are as follows: 1) To find out the number of male and female involved in the training. 2) To find out the educational background of young people. 3) To find out the parental condition of the young people. 4) To find out the working background of the young people. 5) To find out the sources of the young people. 6) To find out the working background of family. 7) To find out now the number of training titles run out by CWIN.

1.4 Importance of the study

The main importances of the study are as follows: 1) To fulfill the requirement of the degree of Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS) according to T.U. Curriculum. 2) It is useful for future reference to those scholars who want to carry out similar type of research work. 3) For library use for general readers. 4) On the basis of the suggestions and recommendations of the study, the organization can take actions for improving the performance for various trainings.

1.5 Limitations of the study

The main limitations of the study are as follows: 1) The study focuses on the skill education and vocational training of CWIN SelfReliance Centre. Thus, other aspects and other centres of the organization remain untouched. 2) The secondary data collected from CWIN are its limiting factor. 3) Finding of the study cannot be used in other NGOs. 4) Due to organizations secrecy, report is prepared on the basis of provided data only.

5) The study covers the information of last year and within this nine months duration.
The result of previous years has been untouched.

1.7 Research Methodology

Research methodology constitutes one of the most important components of a research project. The importance and usage of a research depends upon the research methodology used in the study. In the process of research activity using different techniques and methods can collect information, and on the basis of such information project report is prepared. 10

Therefore, research methodology refers to the methods and techniques used in the collection, tabulation and analysis of the data and information collected to achieve the objective of the study. The main objective of this research is to analyze, interpret and examine the data and information to come at appropriate decision. The major component of research methodology followed in course of study includes the following things:

1.7.1 Research Design

Research design tells how study is to be made. Research design helps us to collect right quantum of accurate data. Without research design we cannot deal with the descriptive of the situation and interpretation of data.

1.7.2 Population and size of sample Population size refers to the total number of NGOs in Nepal. For the research work Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre (CWIN) was selected among the total population, so it constitutes the sample size. The reason of selecting CWIN is that the staffs of CWIN are very supportive and co-operative to the students who go over to complete their research. 1.7.3 Sources of data
Data are the matter of information required to complete the study. Data may be collected either from primary source or secondary source. So there are two methods of collecting data: Primary Data Primary data is an original data gathered by the researcher for the research project at hand. This data are actually collected for meeting the specific objectives of the study. It can be collected by own intellectual power, sense and field observation, interview, questioning, etc. Secondary Data Secondary data are those data, which is collected by the help of other peoples, professors, friends, books, article, report, journal, etc. Here generally all collected data are secondary one. Due to lack of time and proper feasible investigation the primary data are limited to certain extent only. These data has been collected from the office of CWIN and various materials published by CWIN. The secondary data used in the research work are: The staffs of CWIN 11

Various books published by CWIN CWIN Annual Report 2010 CWINs brochure

1.7.4 Data Collection Procedure

Data collection procedure includes different method applied to collect data. All research involves the collection and analysis of data, whether through reading, observation, measurement, asking questions, or a combination of these or other strategies. The data collected during and for research may, however vary in their characteristics. The data collection procedures are as follows: 1. Field visit 2. Observation 3. Unstructured interviews with the staffs, trainers and trainees In this context, field visit, documents and unstructured interview has been taken into process.

12

CHAPTER II
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS of DATA 3.1 Background of CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance
CWIN (Child Worker in Nepal Concerned Centre) is basically a child rights organization focusing on the relief, socialization and social re-integrating of children living and working in the most difficult circumstances. The aim of CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance is to protect children (above 14 years of age) from risk and empower them for their self-sustainability through skill education, training and income generation opportunity. They are given opportunities to join several skill education and provided support for their employment, small business set up and rehabilitation support. This program has been also extending the areas of training as per the interest of youth and need of the market.

3.1.1 Target Groups

The program targets the underprivileged children and youth above the age of 14 coming from street and squatter background who needs a better and alternatives livelihood. They include habituated street children, under privileged children from slums and squatter areas, child workers, girl children at risk and other underprivileged children and youths.

3.1.2 Activities of CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance

The activities carried out by CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance are as follows: i.) ii.) iii.) iv.) v.) vi.) vii.) viii.) Skill education and training for children and youths. Food, shelter, fees and emergency support to the trainees (as per needed). Workshop facility and production units after training. Marketing of products by social marketing. Facilitate job placement for the skilled youths. Income generation programme. Follow up / Social re-integration. Networking with GOs, NGOs, training institutes, job providers and other related organizations. ix.) Empowering on gender, trafficking, HIV / AIDS, health, child rights, life skills, adolescent education, etc.

13

3.1.3 Financial Report

Figure 2.1

Financial Report

Networking & coordination 4% Community support & conscientisatio n 12%

Institutional building 7%

HRD and Admn. Support 6%

Advocacy through action 9%

Research, informn. & publication 8%

Support for children at risk 34%

For children with children(Children's education & empowerment) 20%

Working Notes: % o 100 360 6 21.60 9 32.40 5996187.45 8 28.80 20 72.00 34 122.4 22652263.7 12 43.20 4 14.40 7 25.20 4663701.35

3997458.3

5329944.4

7994916.6

Calculation of angle at center: Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre

3.1.4 Training Titles

i.) ii.) iii.) iv.) v.) vi.) vii.) viii.) Carpentry Wood carving Plumber Watch, T.V. Radio repair Driving Sewing / Knitting Floriculture / Gardening Fine art / Board painting 14

2664972.2

Amt in Rs.

66624305

13324861

ix.) x.) xi.) xii.) xiii.) xiv.) xv.) xvi.) xvii.) xviii.) xix.) xx.)

House painting Paper craft Hair cutting Cook / Waiter Computer Community Health worker Automobile repair Bamboo craft Music / Dance / Vocal Beauty parlor Screen print Others (according to the interest and capacity of trainees)

3.1.4.1 Some Training Titles and their duration

Table No. 2.1
Training Title 1. Photography 2. House painting 3. Hair cutting 4. Computer 5. Jute bag making 6. Paper craft 7. Plumbing 8. Furniture 9. Tie die 10. Beautician 11. Snacks making 12. Tailoring 13. Tailoring advance Duration (in months) 6 months 2 months 2 months 3 months 1 months 3 months 3 months 3 months 1 months 3 months 1 months 4 months 3-4 months

source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre

15

3.1.5 Budget
Table No. 3.2
Training Title 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Photography House painting Hair cutting Computer Jute bag making Paper craft Plumbing Furniture Tie die Budget (Approx per person in Rs) 16000 4000 5000 2500 1500 1300 6500 6500 2000 6000 1000 2000 2000

10. Beautician 11. Snacks making (Cook) 12. Tailoring 13. Tailoring advance

Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre

2.1.6 No. of Boys and Girls receiving different types of skill training

The total number of children, youth who attended the different types of skill training within this nine months were as follows:

Table No. 3.3 Gender Male Female These nine months No. 48 106 % 31.17 % 68.83 % No. 98 84 2010 % 53.85 % 46.15 %

Total

154

100 %

182

100 %

Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre

16

No. of Boys and Girls receiving the different types of skill training

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2010

Male

98 84 48

106

These nine months

Female

Figure 3.2 The above table and figure shows the number of boys and girls in the CWIN Centre for SelfReliance who attended the different types of skill training within these nine months and in the year 2010. At the time of survey the total numbers of trainees were 154 comprising 48 boys and 106 girls which are 31.17 % and 68.83 % respectively whereas in the year 2010 the total number of trainees was 182 comprising 98 boys and 84 girls which are 53.85 % and 46.15 % respectively.

17

3.1.6.1 No. of boys and girls receiving the different types of skill training in these nine months
Table No. 3.4 Training Title Photography House painting Hair cutting Computer Jute bag making Paper craft Plumbing Furniture Tie die No. 1 1 27 17 13 5 10 11 6 15 7 36 5 154 (Boys 48, Girls 106)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. Beautician 11. Snacks making (Cook) 12. Tailoring 13. Tailoring advance Total Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre

18

No. of boys and girls receiving the different types of skill training within these nine months (Male 48, Female 106)
Photography

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

36 27 17 13 5 1 1 Training title
Figure 3.3

House painting Hair cutting Computer Jute bag making

1517 1011 6 5

Paper craft Plumbing Furniture Tie die Beautician Snacks making (cook) Tailoring Tailoring advance

From the above table and figure we can see that the total number of trainees was 154 during these nine months of which 48 are boys and 106 are girls. Of them the number indulged in photography and house painting was 1 on each. In the rest titles like hair cutting, computer, jute bag making, paper craft, plumbing, furniture, tie die, beautician, snacks making, tailoring and tailoring advance the number indulged were 27, 17, 13, 5, 10, 11, 6, 15, 7, 36 and 5 respectively.

19

3.1.6.2 No. of Boys and Girls who received the different types of skill training in the year 2010
Table No. 3.5 Trade Sewing Carpentry Dance Beauty parlor Driving Motorcycle repair Floriculture Computer Electrical Hair cutting Cook Knitting Plumber Community health worker Total Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre No. 25 13 13 5 7 9 4 10 3 20 34 18 12 9 182 (Boys 98, Girls 84)

20

No. of Boys and Girls who received the different types of skill training in the year 2010 ( Male 98 , Female 84)
Sewing

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Carpentry

34 25 20 1313 5 7 18 12 3

Dance Beauty parlor Driving Motorcycle repair Floriculture Computer

9
4

10

Electrical Hair cuttimg Cook Knitting Plumber

Trade

Community health worker

Figure 3.4 The above table and figure shows the number of boys and girls who received the different types of skill training in the year 2010. The total number of trainees was 182 of which 98 were boys and 84 were girls. From above we can see that the title which included the highest number of trainee is cook which had 34 trainees and the title which included the lowest number of trainee is electrical which had 3 trainees only. The title which had second majority is sewing maintaining a trainee of 25. The title of carpentry and dance maintained a trainee of equal number i.e. 13. The remaining titles of beauty parlor, driving, motorcycle repair, floriculture, computer, hair cutting, knitting, community health worker and plumber contained trainees of 5, 7, 9, 4, 10, 20, 18, 12 and 9 respectively.

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3.1.7 Educational Background of the young people

Table No. 3.6 Educational Background Literate Illiterate Under 5 Above 6 Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre Percentage 24 % 8% 30 % 38 %

Educational background of young people

24%

38%
8%

Literate Illiterate Under 5 Above 6

30%

Figure 3.5 The table and chart shows the educational background of the young people. From the above graph we can see that the educational background of the young people comprises mainly of four categories literate, illiterate, under 5 and above 6. The above 6 group has majority while illiterate group has minority of 38 % and 8 % respectively. The remaining two groups Literate and under 5 maintains a percentage of 24 and 30 respectively.

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3.1.8 Working background of young people

Table No. 3.7 Working Background Restaurant Carpet weaving Rag picking Domestic helper Labour Tempo conductor Student Street vendor Not working Garment Press Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre No. 10 5 45 17 17 10 22 7 38 3 2

Working Background of young people

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

45 38

Restaurant Carpet weaving Rag picking Domestic helper

22 17 17 10 5 10 7 3 2

Labour Tempo conductor Student Street vendor Not working Garment

Working Background
Figure 3.6

Press

23

The above table and diagram shows the working background of young people before they received the different types of skill training. Before they received the training they worked as restaurant workers, carpet weavers, rag pickers, domestic helpers, labour, tempo conductors, student, street vendors, garment workers and press workers whereas some were unemployed. Here the majority is of rag pickers making the number up to 45 whereas press workers hold a minority of 2 only. The numbers of restaurant workers, carpet weavers, domestic helpers, labours, tempo conductors, student, street vendors, unemployed and garment workers are 10, 5, 17, 17, 10, 22, 7, 38 and 3 respectively.

3.1.9 Parental condition of young people

Table No. 3.8 Parental condition Both Single Step father / mother Orphan Unknown Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre Percentage 49 % 37 % 8% 4% 2%

Parental condition of young people

4% 2% 8% 49% 37%

Both

Single

Step father / mother

Orphan

Unknown

Figure 3.7 From the above table and pie chart we can see that 49 % of the young people have both parents i.e. father and mother both, 37 % of them have one parent only, and 8 % of them have 24

either step father or step mother. Among them 4 % are orphans and 2 % of the group are unknown.

3.1.10 Sources of young people

Table No. 3.9 Sources Street CWIN Centres Slum dwellers Individual Other organization Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre No. 26 44 16 45 51

Sources of young people

60 51 50 40 30 20 10 26 16 44 45
Street CWIN Centres Slum dwellers Individual Other organization

0
Sources Figure 3.8 The above table and figure shows the sources of young people who comprised the training group of CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance for the year 2010. The main sources of young people are street, CWIN centres, slum dwellers, individual and other organizations. Here 26 people

25

have come from street, 44 people have come from various CWIN centres, 16 people are slum dwellers, 45 people are individuals and 51 people have come from different organizations.

3.1.11 Working Background of family

Table No. 3.10 Working Background Farming Service Street vendor Labour Not working Security guard Driver Rice mill Gardening Painter Army Fisherman Priest Tailoring Wool weaving Source: Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre No. 71 15 22 23 21 2 12 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 3

26

Working Background of family

Farming Service

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

71

Street vendor Labour Not working Security guard Driver Rice mill

15

22 23 21 12 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 3

Gardening Painter Army Fisherman Priest Tailoring

Working Background
Figure 3.9

Wool weaving

The above table and figure shows the working background of family of the trainees. From the above we can see that family background of farming dominates other background making a number of 71. The second highest family background is of labour making a number of 23. Then comes street vendor, service and not working holding a number of 22, 15 and 21 respectively. The background driver maintains a number of 12. The background security guard, gardening, painter and fisherman each maintains a number of 2 whereas rice mill, army and priest each maintains a number of 1. Similarly the background tailoring and wool weaving holds a number of 3 in each.

3.2 Job placed and still working candidates

The name of the candidates who have been job placed and still working, after the training provided by CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance are as follows:

27

Table No. 3.11 Training titles Cook Gardening Wood carving Plumbing Furniture carpentry Beautician Hair Cutting Paper craft Name of the candidates Debendra Lama Madhu Rokka Raju Khadka Rabi Tamang Sanjaya Lama Dhan Bahadur Kumar Thapa Dhan B. Ghartimagar Raj K. Thapa Chandika Dangol Renu Maharjan Subash Nepali Rakesh Karki Krishna Thapa Krishna Magar Kamal Nepali Netra B. Shrestha Ramesh Khadka Kumar Lama Ram Timilsina Resham Lama Sarasoti K.C. Ranjana Wade Mangal Laxmi Shrestha Govinda Timilsina Rajendra Sapkota Gopal Timilsina Sanjib Raut

Tailoring

28

2.3 Major findings of the study

Raju Kunwar, from Banepa, 18 has been working as a paper craft worker and trainer in CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance. His father was a drunkard and his mother had left home when he was at an early stage. When he left home he was only 11. From Banepa he came to Bhaktapur at first, then to Koteshwor and afterwards to CWIN. He didnt know about CWIN Centre for SelfReliance but afterwards he knew about it and came here with the help of friends.

During this journey he worked as street vendor, rag picker, as a hotel worker where he faced brutality from police, drunkards, employers and elder street vendors as well. He also slept in the streets in the lack of shelter at first.

After coming to CWIN he took training in fine art for 3 months. He also took training in signboard painting for a year. While asking about paper craft he said that he learnt it from his friends at work. At present he makes paper craft of Rs. 300 Rs. 400 a day solely from where he gets sum enough to fulfill his various needs sufficiently. Besides paper craft he also takes part in dramas (street dramas) which is doing good in the valley and districts outside the valley as well. The drama group also goes to the villages trying to make the young generation aware about the city problems they have to face after they come into the city so better to stay at the village. He also gives training to those who come from same circumstances as his.

When asking about his future plans he said that he is interested in developing a team / group for performing street arts who spreads awareness via their art, giving priority to same level. Also he has a dream of doing well in paper craft and giving training to others building a team spirit so that they can do good business.

Now after acquainted with CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance he has not looked back. He has also forgotten his bad past that once used to haunt him.

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CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Summary

This study examined the number of boys and girls receiving the different types of skill training in these nine months and in the year 2010. It also examined the educational background of the young people, working background of the young people, parental condition of the young people, sources of young people and working background of the family of those young people who received the different types of skill training from CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance.

At the time of survey the total numbers of trainees were 154 comprising 48 boys and 106 girls which are 31.17 % and 68.83 % respectively whereas in the year 2010 the total number of trainees was 182 comprising 98 boys and 84 girls which are 53.85 % and 46.15 % respectively. In the year 2010 the trainees were acquainted with the titles like sewing, carpentry, dance, beauty parlor, driving, motorcycle repair, floriculture, computer, electrical, hair cutting, cook, knitting, plumber and community health worker. The educational background of the trainees comprised of four groups literate, illiterate, under 5 and above 6. Literate comprised 24 % of the total while the percentage of the illiterate was 8 %. 30 % of the total had education below primary level and only 38 % of the total had education above 6. Before acquiring the skill trainings the young people worked as restaurant workers, carpet weavers, rag pickers, domestic helpers, labours, tempo conductors, student, street vendors, garment workers, press workers whereas some were unemployed. Similarly, 49 % of the total trainees have both parents i.e. father and mother both, 37 % of them have only one parent, 8 % of them have either step father or step mother, 4 % of them are orphan and the parental condition of the rest 2 % are unknown. The main sources of young people are street, CWIN centres, Slum dwellers, individual and other organizations. Out of total 26 were from street, 44 were from various CWIN centres, 16 were slum dwellers, 45 were individual and 51 were from other organizations.

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Also the young people have come from the background like farming, service, street vendor, labour, not working, security guard, driver, rice mill, gardening, painter, army, fisherman, priest, tailoring and wool weaving.

4.2

Conclusion

CWIN Centre for Self-Reliance helps empower the children and youth living and working at risk condition through capacity building training, job placement and income generation opportunities. It gives juveniles who are forced to work under difficult circumstances, various types of skills, education and training programmes, in order to enhance their working ability, and to search for methods for reintegrating them in society. It gives youth various types of employment generating skills training that are available in local business enterprise and social enterprises and conducts single or group wise generating programmes or micro credit programmes for youth so that they can earn a living as well as learn enterprising skills. It also conducts awareness programmes at community levels so as to reduce child labour, and to simplify the process of earning a living through building capacity according to the need.

4.3

Recommendations

The following recommendations apply suggesting how each could contribute to achieve the goals efficiently and effectively. It should make different programmes related with the skill training in different places to raise awareness to the people about the skill training, its impact and its advantages. It should conduct different training programmes for the trainers also so that they can train a large number of trainees at a time effectively and more efficiently. There should be special centre for lodging complaints where the trainees can complain about the training defects. It should establish credit schemes to provide economic independence and help for poor trainees. It should extend its training titles and skill training areas further to cover more and more number of youths.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Agrawal Govinda Ram,(2003) Project Management in Nepal, Bhotahity, Kathmandu, M.K. Publishers & Distributors.

CWINs Annual Report 2010

CWINs Brochure

Various books published by CWIN

Website of CWIN www.cwin.org.np

Glossary

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Seths

A rich man.

Mahajans

Moneylenders (a person whose business is lending money, usually at a high rate of interest.)

Thanka

Rectangular Tibetan paintings on cotton, usually of mandalas or Tantric deities.

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