FEG Chapter 04

CONTENTS
4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9

Review Past participle Forms of the present perfect Meanings of the present perfect Simple past vs. present perfect Using since and for Present perfect progressive Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect Using already, yet, still, and anymore Past perfect
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Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS
give take love find be
Jenna _____ is Max. loves her dog. His name __ gave Max to her. Her Jennas grandfather ____ grandfather _____ found him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ takes very good care her dog.

He __ is a great dog.
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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
SIMPLE FORM REGULAR VERBS
SIMPLE PAST
PAST PARTICIPLE
finish stop wait
finished stopped waited
finished stopped waited

seen made put
IRREGULAR VERBS
see make put
saw made put
past perfect tense present perfect tense

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4-1 LETS PRACTICE
SIMPLE FORM
SIMPLE PAST
PAST PARTICIPLE
stop go take write
stopped went took wrote
stopped gone taken written
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
He has finished all his work.
(a) I have worked very hard this year. (b) The students have worked hard. (c) Alex has worked very hard.
STATEMENT: have/has + past participle
(d) Ive/Youve/Weve/Theyve gone home. (e) Shes/Hes gone home. (f) Its been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ve
pronoun + has =ks
(g) I have not gone home yet. (h) Fatima has not gone home.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
(g) I havent gone home yet. (h) Fatima hasnt gone home.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle NEGATIVE CONTRACTION:
have + not = havent has + not = hasnt

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(i) Have you read the report?
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(j) Has Marcy gone home? (k) How long have you worked there?
QUESTION :
have/has + subject + past participle
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(l)
No, I havent. I have only read a few pages.
Have you read all of this article?
SHORT ANSWER:
have/havent
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(m)
Has Kyung finished her homework?
Yes, she has. She did it after school.
SHORT ANSWER:
has/hasnt
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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
you touch ever
Have you ever touched a snake? ___________________
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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
touch never
Ive never touched No, ________________

a snake.
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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
_________________ Has Justin ever seen a shark?
Justin see ever
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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Yes, he ___. has He saw one near Cape Town, South Africa.
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
Tyler has taken his first steps.
Zoe hasnt walked by herself yet.
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PRESENT PERFECT MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED

BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME
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MEANING #1 (a) Tyler has already taken his first steps. (b) Zoe hasnt walked by herself yet. (c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl? occurred before now or sometime in the past
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MEANING #1 (a) Tyler has already taken his first steps. (b) Zoe hasnt walked by herself yet. (c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
now before now time?
X
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MEANING #1
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
activity repeated before now, unspecified past times
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MEANING #1 (d) Mary has painted portraits many times. (e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
now before now
XXX
X
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PRESENT PERFECT MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN

IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE PRESENT.
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MEANING #2 (f) Weve been working since 8 oclock. (g) I have played the violin for six years. I learned to play six years ago, and I still play it. present perfect + past present
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since for
MEANING #2:
(f) Weve been working since 8 oclock.

8:00
now
x
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4-3 LETS PRACTICE
Kyung has already taken the test.

MEANING #1: Something happened before now at an unspecified time.
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the past and continues to the present.
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4-3 LETS PRACTICE
Ive been studying since 8 AM.

MEANING #1: Something happened before now at an unspecified time
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the past and continues to the present
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4-3 LETS PRACTICE
Rosa has been to Italy three times.

MEANING #1: Something happened before now at an unspecified time
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the past and continues to the present
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
I had an angel fish when I was a child.
I have had many other fish since then.
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SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.

specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
unspecified time
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SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.

specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.
unspecified time
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SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.

for activity began & ended in past
PRESENT PERFECT
since last . Monday. (f) Eli has been camping for 9 days for / since activity began & continues
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4-4 LETS PRACTICE
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME
We have been in Tokyo many times.

UNSPECIFIED
PRESENT PERFECT
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4-4 LETS PRACTICE
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME
Barry has never been to Tokyo.

UNSPECIFIED PRESENT PERFECT
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4-4 LETS PRACTICE
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME
Gina went to Tokyo last month.

SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
I have been here since 6:00 AM.
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(a) I have worked here
since noon. since Wednesday. since April. since 2006. since May 9, 2007. since yesterday. since last week.
Since
Specific point in time
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(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.

CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
present perfect + since (c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
present progressive NOT used
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present perfect + since (d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
simple present NOT used
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present perfect + since (e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.

INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.
simple past NOT used

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MAIN CLAUSE (present perfect)
SINCE-CLAUSE (simple past) since I was fifteen.
(f) I have known her
(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer. Since time clause
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(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes. for five hours. for ten days. for about six weeks. for almost two months. for many years. for a long time.
For
length of time
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(i) I have worked here for twelve years.

I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it. present perfect + for + length of time past present
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.

simple past past present
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4-5 LETS PRACTICE
3 hours she was six Mary has been playing the piano she was six since ___________. Mary has been playing the piano three hours for ___________.
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4-5 LETS PRACTICE
he started school 15 years
Alejandro has studied English he started school since ________________.
Alejandro has studied English fifteen years for __________________.

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4-5 LETS PRACTICE
for since I have driven a taxi _____ since 2006. My uncle has driven a taxi ____ for thirty years.
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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Dee has been working for ten hours.
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(a) Dee has been working since 6 oclock. (b) She has been working for ten hours.
STATEMENT:
have/has + been + -ing
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(c) How long has she been working?

QUESTION FORM:
have/has + subject + been + -ing
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(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
in progress right now duration of time not mentioned
Mary has been playing the piano right now.

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(e) Mary has been playing since noon. (f) Mary has been playing for an hour.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
began in past in progress right now time expressed
Mary is playing the piano since noon.

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(g)
CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.
(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy. (i) CORRECT: She has owned it for one month.
(j) INCORRECT: She has been owning it for one month.
non-action verbs
progressive tenses
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4-6 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
use
is using the phone. My sister _________

has been using it for three She _____________ hours. I need to make a call.
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4-6 LETS PRACTICE
dance
are dancing Her parents __________.

have been dancing They ________________
together for over thirty years.
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4-6 LETS PRACTICE
go
going Where are you _______for the summer holiday? going to the beach. I am ______ have been going to the beach I ______________ every summer since I was a child.
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs. PRESENT PERFECT
These guys are hiking. They have been hiking for several days.
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(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends. They have been hiking for several days.
duration of present activities, action verbs PRESENT PERFECT
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.

repeated activities unspecified times in the past
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(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains. (c) INCORRECT: My cousin has been hiking many mountains.
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(d) The guys have known each other for ten years.
(e) INCORRECT: The guys have been knowing each other for ten years.
duration of present activities, non-action verbs
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(f) I have been studying medicine for one year.

OR (g) I have studied medicine for one year. same meaning
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(h) Rolf has been running every day since he was a child. OR Rolf has run every day since he was a child.
usual, habitual activities either tense okay

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(i) Ive been studying Spanish ever since I visited Mexico.
OR
Ive studied Spanish ever since I visited Mexico.
usual, habitual activities either tense okay

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4-7 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
live
How long has ___ your family ______ lived here? We __________ have lived here for ten years.
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4-7 LETS PRACTICE
live
been living here? How long has ___ your family _________ have been living here for ten years. We _____________
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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
I already fed the dog.
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ALREADY
(a) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. I already fed the dog.
happened before now Position: midsentence
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YET
(b) I usually feed the dog, but I havent fed him yet.
did not happen before now Position: end of sentence
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STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was in college. I still like them. (e) It hasnt rained all week. It still isnt raining.
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STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is still hungry. He still wants to eat. (d) I liked classical movies when I was in college. I still like them. (e) It hasnt rained all week. It still isnt raining.
situation continues to exist Position: midsentence
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ANYMORE
(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired. I dont work anymore. does not continue Position: end of sentence
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ALREADY (a) I already fed the dog. YET (b) I havent fed him yet. ANYMORE (f) I dont work anymore. STILL (c) He is still hungry. (e) It still isnt raining.
affirmative sentences negative sentences
affirmative or negative sentences

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4-8 LETS PRACTICE
She doesnt have any money. She _______ already spent it all.
already yet still anymore
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4-8 LETS PRACTICE
I did some homework, but I still have more to do. ______
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4-8 LETS PRACTICE
We used to be friends, but we had an argument. We dont like each other ________. anymore
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
When they arrived at the store, it had already closed.
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
(a) When they arrived at the store, it had already closed.
two events in the past

1st event - Past Perfect 2nd event Simple Past
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
(b) The store had already closed when they arrived. FORM: had + past participle
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) Itd closed. Shed gone home. Hed gone home. Theyd gone home. Wed gone home. Youd gone home. CONTRACTION: I / you / she / he / it / we / they + d
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
before now now
PAST PERFECT
before noon
X noon X
(d) Im not cooking now. Ive already ordered pizza. occurred before now, at an unspecified time
(e) I was not cooking at noon. I had already ordered pizza. occurred before another time in the past
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
(f) I was waiting when the pizza arrived.
(g) The pizza had arrived when he came home.
in progress at a particular time in the past
completed before a particular time in the past

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he came home
PAST PROGRESSIVE
began waiting pizza arrived
PAST PERFECT
pizza arrived
4-9 PAST PERFECT
I had already gone to bed when it started snowing. a. it started snowing ____ 2nd b. I went to bed ____ 1st
1st 2nd
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
I tried to go shopping, but the store had closed. a. store closed ____ 1st 2nd b. tried to go shopping ____
1st 2nd
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
A friend called to suggest a good movie. She had seen it last Friday. a. the friend saw the movie ____ 1st b. the friend called ____ 2nd
1st 2nd
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PHOTO CREDITS
Images used under license from: Shutterstock, Inc.
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FEG Chapter 04

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CONTENTS

4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS

give take love find be

Jenna _____ takes very good care her dog.

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

She has forgotten his name.

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

SIMPLE FORM REGULAR VERBS

finish stop wait

finished stopped waited

finished stopped waited

see make put

saw made put

past perfect tense present perfect tense

4-1 LETS PRACTICE

stop go take write

stopped went took wrote

stopped gone taken written

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

He has finished all his work.

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

pronoun + has =ks

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

have + not = havent has + not = hasnt

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

(i) Have you read the report?

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

have/has + subject + past participle

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

No, I havent. I have only read a few pages.

Have you read all of this article?

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

Has Kyung finished her homework?

Yes, she has. She did it after school.

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

you touch ever

Have you ever touched a snake? ___________________

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

Ive never touched No, ________________

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

_________________ Has Justin ever seen a shark?

Justin see ever

4-2 LETS PRACTICE

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

Tyler has taken his first steps.

Zoe hasnt walked by herself yet.

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.

activity repeated before now, unspecified past times

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT