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Chapter 1 This chapter covers the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, scope and delimitation, significance of the study, and definition of terms.

1.1 Background of The Study Room Acoustics is concern about how the sound is created, propagated, perceived, measured and modeled inside enclosures. One of the most important parameters in Room Acoustics is reverberation time. In regular rooms with an even distribution of sound absorption, reverberation time is also a measure for the amount of absorption present inside the room. The optimal reverberation time depends on the use of the enclosure.(http://www.bksv.com/applications/roomacoustics/what-is-room-

acoustics.aspx) For classrooms such as laboratory rooms, noise, echoes, reverberation, and room modes typically interfere with the ability of listeners to understand speech. The effect of all of these acoustical parameters on teaching and learning in school needs to be researched more fully. Research has shown that these acoustical problems are common place in new as well as older schools, and when carried to an extreme, can greatly affect a student's ability to understand what the speaker said. (Barton, 1989; Blair, 1990; Crandell, 1991; Finitzo, 1983). Room acoustics also plays a role concerning teachers. According to Tiesler and Oberdrster, classrooms with short reverberation times led to lower stress levels on teachers. In terms of vocal intensity, talkers tend to speak louder in acoustically dry

rooms, whereas they tend to speak softer in more live rooms. (The role of classroomacoustics on vocal intensityregulation and speakerscomfort by David Pelegrn Garca, September 2011) To get the best possible conditions for working and learning, good room acoustics is the most important thing to create. To achieve this, it must first be determined which activities will take place in the area and what the human sound preferences for that particular activity is. Room acoustic planning and designing should be seriously done. The way sound behaves and affects the people in the room depends heavily on the rooms geometric structure and placement of absorption material. Using absorption class A means that less material is needed and quality of teaching is optimized. (http://www.ecophon.com/acoustics)

According to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) S12.60-2002,the maximum reverberation time for core learning spaces with internal volumes of greater than 10,000 cubic feet should not exceed 0.6 seconds. For core learning spaces with internal volumes of more than 10,000 but less than 20,000 cubic feet the maximum reverberation time is 0.7 seconds. (http://www.acoustics.com/ansi_education.asp)

Upon comprehending the importance and standard of room acoustics, the proponents aim to evaluate the room acoustics of M307, Main Building, FEU East Asia College.

1.2 Statement of the Problem Room M307, Main Building, Far Eastern University East Asia College is an Electronics laboratory room with computers installed and is designed to handle a class of 40 students. 1. What is a good reverberation time for a computer laboratory room? 2. What material can be used to reduce the exterior noise heard in the laboratory room? 3. What acoustical instrument should be added or removed to comply with the ANSI/ASA S12.60-2010?

1.3 Objectives of the Study 1.3.1 General Objective To evaluate the room acoustics of M307, Main Building, FEU East Asia College 1.3.2 Specific Objectives To calculate the reverberation time of room M307, Main Building, FEU East Asia College To propose a material to be installed in the room to reduce the exterior noise heard in the room. To comply with the ANSI/ASA S12.60-2010 standard reverberation time. To construct a diorama of the present and proposed design.

1.4 Significance of the Study This document is essential to provide a beneficial evaluation about the room acoustics of room M307, an electronics laboratory room in Far Eastern University East Asia College. With a classroom having good acoustical characteristics, learning is easier and more sustained and with less distraction. This design is substantial to professors who will have a class in the assigned room. Teaching would be more effective and less stressful because professors would not need to speak louder or keep on repeating what was spoken. This paper is also important to the students who will use the room to maximize the learning and knowledge that will be gained.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation This design is concern about the room acoustics of room M307, Main Building, Far Eastern University East Asia College. The coverage of this design is the current structure of the room with the following dimensions: length of 13.83 meters, a width of 7 meters and a height of 3.81 meters, and the equipment installed and placed. 20 laboratory computers placed on top of eight counters, four tables with equal sizes and a professors table, 40 chairs for students and a chair for the professor, two air-conditioning units, and18 lights. Sabines Formula is used in calculating the reverberation time of the room. The height of the room is just an approximation measured by the proponents. The length and width is based on the floor plan given to the proponents by the Facilities Office. The proponents will only concentrate on one parameter of Room Acoustics which

is reverberation time of the room. The proponents will only apply the ANSI/ASA S12.602010. Other room acoustics standards that may be present during the time that this study was done are completely neglected. The projects stockpiled in the room are not included in this design because they are not intended to be in that room.

1.6 Definition of Terms

Background Noise is any sound that is generated outside the enclosure. Enclosures can be offices, workshops, lecture rooms, auditoria, concert halls, etc. Equipment are instruments and objects on an assigned room. Noise comprises all sounds which, due to their loudness and structure, are considered as harmful, annoying or stressful for human beings and the environment. Plasterboard- is a rigid board used for the walls. Reverberation Time is a measure for how long the acoustic energy emitted from sound sources inside a room will linger. Sound Absorption Coefficient indicates the amount of the absorbed portion of the total incident sound. Vinyl shiny, tough and flexible plastic, usually used for flooringsor floor coverings.

CHAPTER 2 This chapter covers the site description and the design proper.

2.1 Site Description The proponents were assigned to study the room acoustics of M307 which is a laboratory room located at the third floor of Main Building of FEU-East Asia College. The room is designed to be occupied with a class size of 40 and supervised by a professor. The room M307 has vinyl tiles for its flooring, concrete or plasterboard for the walls and has the following dimensions: height of 3.81 meters, length of 13.83 meters and width of 7 meters. The height of the room was measured by the proponents while the length and width were provided by the Facilities Office.

M307 is consisting of 11 beams and 8 columns. In addition to this, the room has a wooden platform located below the white board. On the left side of the room, three glass windows can be seen and there are two doors located at the right side of the room which is made up of solid wood panel and glass. Further, the room is furnished with a professors table, 4 students table, 41 chairs, 2 air conditioning units, 18 fluorescent lights enclosed in an aluminum structure and are evenly distributed on the entire room, 8 computer table along with 20 complete set of computers (includes the monitor, the Central Processing Unit, the mouse, the keyboard and the AVR) located on the left side to the back wall of the room.

2.2 Design Proper The design proper for this study is subdivided into two cases, wherein the first one aims to determine the reverberation time of room M307 with its current structure and materials inside. And second is to recompute the reverberation time for the same room using ideal structures and materials of the acoustically re-engineered room. The standard value of 0.7 reverberation time came from Part 1 of ANSI/ASA S12.60 wherein its different learning spaces are classified according to their volume and has their corresponding maximum reverberation time. For M307s case which has a total volume of 360.052672 , the maximum permitted reverberation is 0.7-second.

(Table Source: ANSI-ASA_S12.60-2010_PART_1_with_2011_sponsor_page.pdf)

In choosing the frequency for the absorption of the materials, the proponents had chosen 500 Hz in accordance with ANSI-ASA Standard which stated that conformance to the reverberation-time requirement at 500 Hz will also ensure conformance at the two higher frequencies which are 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz respectively. The equation adopted in solving for the reverberation time is the Sabine Equation shown below. It is preferred rather than other equations to conform to the standard (ANSI-ASA).

Where: k is equal to 0.161 for metric units V is the total volume of the enclosure (room) is the summation of the product of surface area and absorption coefficient

CASE 1: A. Empty Room

The first requirement in solving for the reverberation time using Sabine equation is the volume. Over-all Dimension of M307:

Description Beam 1 Beam2 Beam3 Beam4 (left and right) Beam5 (left and right) Beam6 (left and right) Beam 7 (front) Column 1 (left and right) Column 2 (left and right) Column 3 (left and right) Total

Length (m) 6.488 6.488 6.38 4.905 4.187 4.302 4.64954 0.416 0.43 0.3

Width (m) 0.416 0.43 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.37 0.1 0.256 0.256 0.31

Height (m) 0.667 0.45 0.48 0.25 0.25 0.38 0.15 3.143 3.36 3.43

Volume (m3) 1.8 1.255428 0.72732 0.2559 0.2617 0.6948 0.0697 0.3347 0.3699 0.31899 6.088438

Since Column 4 is irregular;

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Therefore;

Calculation for Surface Area:

Hence: ( )

I. Surface Area of the Walls: Description Length (m) Front Wall Back Wall Left Side Wall Right Side Wall Ceiling Floor Total ------13.83 13.83 13.83 13.83 Width (m) 7 7 ------7 7 Height (m) 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 ------Surface Area (m3) 26.67 26.67 52.6923 52.6923 96.81 96.81 352.3446

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II. Surface Area of Different Materials:

Description

Type of Material

Length (m) 3.36 ---0.72 ------------13.83 ----

Width (m) ------0.62 ---7 ------7 ----

Height (m) 1.7 ---------3.81 -------------

Surface Area (m3) 17.136 3.8214 0.8928 26.67 26.67 35.5563 47.9781 96.81 96.81 352.3446

Window (3) Door (2) Door (4) Front Wall Back Wall Left Side Wall Right Side Wall Ceiling Tiles Total

Glass Wood Glass Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Vinyl

III. For Total Absorption: Type of Description Material Surface Area (m )


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Absorption Coefficient

Absorption per Material (metric-sabins)

Window (3) Door (2) Door (4) Front Wall Back Wall Left Side Wall Right Side Wall Ceiling

Glass Wood Glass Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete

17.136 3.8214 0.8928 26.67 26.67 35.5563 47.9781 96.81

0.18 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

3.08448 0.19107 0.026784 1.6002 1.6002 2.133378 2.878686 5.8086

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Tiles Total

Vinyl

96.81 352.3446

0.03

2.9043 20.2277

Where: k is equal to 0.161 for metric units V is the total volume of the enclosure (room) A is the summation of the product of surface area and absorption coefficient

B. Furnished Room Calculation of Surface Area: For the wooden platform:

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For White Board:

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For Student's Table:

I. For Total Absorption:

Description

Surface Area (m2)

Absorption Coefficient (at 500 Hz) 0.03 0.18 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Absorption Per Material (metric-sabins)

White Board (Plaster) Window (3) Door - wood (2) Door - glass (4) Concrete (Front Wall) Concrete (Back Wall) Concrete (Left Side Wall) Concrete (Right Side Wall)

5.8682 17.136 3.8214 0.8928 20.8018 26.67 35.5563 47.9781

0.176046 3.08448 0.19107 0.026784 1.248108 1.6002 2.133378 2.878686

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Concrete (Ceiling) Vinyl tiles Wooden Platform Light (18) Air-conditioning Unit (2) Computer (20) Wooden Professor Table Wooden Student Table (4) Wooden Computer Table (8) Chairs (41) Total

96.81 83.22419 6.58581 ------------1.6192 ------352.3446

0.06 0.03 0.2 0.03 0.39 0.99 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.22

5.8086 2.512422 1.317162 0.54 0.78 19.8 .75 0.97152 1.2 9.02 54.03846

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C. Furnished Room with Occupants (41 persons)

I. For Total Absorption:

Description

Surface Area

Absorption Coefficient (at 500 Hz)

Absorption Per Material

White Board (Plaster) Window (3) Door - wood (2) Door - glass (4) Concrete (Front Wall) Concrete (Back Wall) Concrete (Left Side Wall) Concrete (Right Side Wall) Concrete (Ceiling) Vinyl tiles Wooden Platform Light (18) Air-conditioning Unit (2) Computer (20) Wooden Professor Table Wooden Student Table (4) Wooden Computer Table (8) Chairs (41) Occupants(41) Total

5.8682 17.136 3.8214 0.8928 20.8018 26.67 35.5563 47.9781 96.81 83.22419 6.58581 ------------1.6192 ---------352.3446

0.03 0.18 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.2 0.03 0.39 0.99 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.22 0.42

0.176046 3.08448 0.19107 0.026784 1.248108 1.6002 2.133378 2.878686 5.8086 2.512422 1.317162 0.54 0.78 19.8 .75 0.97152 1.2 9.02 17.22 71.03846

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CASE 2: Acoustic Treatment

According to ANSI-ASA Standard, a learning space which has a volume greater than 283 m3 but less than or equal to 566 m3 must have a maximum reverberation time of 0.7 second.

Additionally, for ceiling heights greater than 3 m (10 ft), which is discouraged for classrooms, an increasing amount of the sound-absorbing material will have to be placed on the walls as the wall height increases above 3 m.

Additionally, according to Building Research Note by A.C.C Warnock, for

best

performance acoustical materials should be distributed over as many as the room surfaces as possible because sound would then be quite free to circulate in the horizontal plane.

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A. Empty Room The ceiling's surface area is 96.81 m2. To calculate the absorption coefficient of the sound-absorbing material that would be installed at the ceiling. Therefore,

( ( ) (

( )

After referring to the list of ceiling materials used to absorb sound, only the SDG foam with 3'' thickness which has an absorption coefficient of 0.67 is close to the calculated value which is 0.57. Reverberation Time Calculation using SDG foam with 3'' thickness:

( ( ) (

( )

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B. Furnished Room:

In this case, the room is already furnished with table, chairs, computers, lights and airconditioning units.

Calculating the absorption coefficient of the sound-absorbing material that would be installed at the ceiling and the walls:

( ( ) (

( )

After referring to the list of ceiling materials used to absorb sound, the only sound-absorber that has nearly the same absorption coefficient as 0.3445 is the Fiberglass spray with 5" thickness which has an absorption coefficient of 0.45.

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Reverberation Time Calculation using Fiberglass spray with 5" thickness:

( ( ) (

( )

C. Furnished Room with Occupants

Calculating the absorption coefficient of the sound-absorbing material that would be installed at the ceiling and the walls:

( ( ) (

( )

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After referring to the list of ceiling materials used to absorb sound at 500 Hz, only the polyurethane foam with 1/2'' thickness which has an absorption coefficient of 0.22 is close to the calculated value which is 0.21. Reverberation Time Calculation using polyurethane foam with 1/2'' thickness:

( ( ) 0.24015 (

( )

Appendix A. Materials and Their Absorption Coefficient Floor materials carpet Concrete (unpainted, rough finish) Concrete (sealed or painted) Marble or glazed tile Vinyl tile or linoleum on concrete Wood parquet on concrete Wood flooring on joists Seating materials Benches (wooden, empty) Benches (wooden, 2/3 occupied) Benches (wooden, fully occupied) Benches (cushioned seats and backs, empty) Benches (cushioned seats and backs, 2/3 125 Hz 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.15 125 Hz 0.1 0.37 0.5 0.32 0.44 250 Hz 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.11 250 Hz 0.09 0.4 0.56 0.4 0.56 500 Hz 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.1 500 Hz 0.08 0.47 0.66 0.42 0.65 1 kHz 0.15 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.07 1 kHz 0.08 0.53 0.76 0.44 0.72 2 kHz 0.25 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.06 2 kHz 0.08 0.56 0.8 0.43 0.72 4 kHz 0.45 0.1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.07 4 kHz 0.08 0.53 0.76 0.48 0.67

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occupied) Benches (cushioned seats and backs, fully occupied) Theater seats (wood, empty) Theater seats (wood, 2/3 occupied) Theater seats (wood, fully occupied) Seats (fabric-upholsterd, empty) Seats (fabric-upholsterd, fully occupied) Reflective wall materials Brick (natural) Brick (painted) Concrete block (coarse) Concrete block (painted) Concrete (poured, rough finish, unpainted) Doors (solid wood panels) Glass (1/4" plate, large pane) Glass (small pane) Plasterboard (12mm (1/2") paneling on studs) Plaster (gypsum or lime, on masonry) Plaster (gypsum or lime, on wood lath) Plywood (3mm(1/8") paneling over 31.7mm(1-1/4") airspace) Plywood (3mm(1/8") paneling over 57.1mm( 2-1/4") airspace) Plywood (5mm(3/16") paneling over 50mm(2") airspace) Plywood (5mm(3/16") panel, 25mm(1") fiberglass in 50mm(2") airspace) Plywood (6mm(1/4") paneling, airspace, light bracing) Plywood (10mm(3/8") paneling, airspace, light bracing) Plywood (19mm(3/4") paneling, airspace, light bracing) Absorptive wall materials Drapery (10 oz/yd2, 340 g/m2, flat against wall) Drapery (14 oz/yd2, 476 g/m2, flat against wall) Drapery (18 oz/yd2, 612 g/m2, flat against wall) Drapery (14 oz/yd2, 476 g/m2, pleated 50%) Drapery (18 oz/yd2, 612 g/m2, pleated 50%)

0.5 0.03 0.34 0.5 0.49 0.6 125 Hz 0.03 0.01 0.36 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.18 0.04 0.29 0.01 0.14 0.15 0.28 0.38 0.42 0.3 0.28 0.2 125 Hz 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.14

0.64 0.04 0.21 0.3 0.66 0.74 250 Hz 0.03 0.01 0.44 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.25 0.2 0.24 0.36 0.25 0.22 0.18 250 Hz 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.31 0.35

0.76 0.05 0.28 0.4 0.8 0.88 500 Hz 0.03 0.02 0.31 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.1 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.17 0.15 500 Hz 0.11 0.13 0.35 0.49 0.53

0.86 0.07 0.53 0.76 0.88 0.96 1 kHz 0.04 0.02 0.29 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.12 1 kHz 0.18 0.22 0.48 0.75 0.75

0.86 0.08 0.56 0.8 0.82 0.93 2 kHz 0.05 0.02 0.39 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 kHz 0.3 0.32 0.38 0.7 0.7

0.76 0.08 0.53 0.76 0.7 0.85 4 kHz 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.08 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.11 0.1 4 kHz 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.6 0.6

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Fiberglass board (25mm(1") thick) Fiberglass board (50mm(2") thick) Fiberglass board (75mm(3") thick) Fiberglass board (100mm(4") thick) Open brick pattern over 75mm(3") fiberglass Pageboard over 25mm(1") fiberglass board Pageboard over 50mm(2") fiberglass board Pageboard over 75mm(3") fiberglass board Performated metal (13% open, over 50mm(2") fiberglass) Ceiling material Plasterboard (12mm(1/2") in suspended ceiling grid) Underlay in perforated metal panels (25mm(1") batts) Metal deck (perforated channels,25mm(1") batts) Metal deck (perforated channels, 75mm(3") batts) Plaster (gypsum or lime, on masonary) Plaster (gypsum or lime, rough finish or timber lath) Sprayed cellulose fiber (16mm(5/8") on solid backing) Sprayed cellulose fiber (25mm(1") on solid backing) Sprayed cellulose fiber (25mm(1") on timber lath) Sprayed cellulose fiber (32mm(1-1/4") on solid backing) Sprayed cellulose fiber (75mm(3") on solid backing) Wood tongue-and-groove roof decking Miscellaneous surface material People-adults (per 1/10 person) People-high school students (per 1/10 person) People-elementary students (per 1/10 person) Ventilating grilles Water or ice surface

0.06 0.18 0.53 0.99 0.4 0.08 0.26 0.49 0.25 125 Hz 0.15 0.51 0.19 0.73 0.01 0.14 0.05 0.08 0.47 0.1 0.7 0.24 125 Hz 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.3 0.008

0.2 0.76 0.99 0.99 0.65 0.32 0.97 0.99 0.64 250 Hz 0.11 0.78 0.69 0.99 0.02 0.1 0.16 0.29 0.9 0.3 0.95 0.19 250 Hz 0.35 0.3 0.23 0.4 0.008

0.65 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.85 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 500 Hz 0.04 0.57 0.99 0.99 0.02 0.06 0.44 0.75 1.1 0.73 1 0.14 500 Hz 0.42 0.38 0.28 0.5 0.013

0.9 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.75 0.76 0.66 0.69 0.97 1 kHz 0.04 0.77 0.88 0.89 0.03 0.05 0.79 0.98 1.03 0.92 0.85 0.08 1 kHz 0.46 0.42 0.32 0.5 0.015

0.95 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.65 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.88 2 kHz 0.07 0.9 0.52 0.52 0.04 0.04 0.9 0.93 1.05 0.98 0.85 0.13 2 kHz 0.5 0.45 0.35 0.5 0.02

0.98 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.6 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.92 4 kHz 0.08 0.79 0.27 0.31 0.05 0.04 0.91 0.76 1.03 0.98 0.9 0.1 4 kHz 0.5 0.45 0.35 0.4 0.025

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Absorption Coefficients of Building Materials and Finishes Floor Materials concrete or tile linoleum/vinyl tile on concrete wood on joists parquet on concrete carpet on concrete carpet on foam Seating Materials 125 Hz 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.04 0.02 0.08 250 Hz 0.01 0.03 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.24 250 Hz 0.74 0.61 0.66 0.19 250 Hz 0.03 0.01 0.44 0.05 0.04 0.31 0.35 0.82 0.15 0.45 0.55 0.25 0.58 0.90 0.22 0.11 0.06 0.25 0.015 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.22 500 Hz 0.015 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.14 0.57 500 Hz 0.88 0.75 0.80 0.22 500 Hz 0.03 0.02 0.31 0.06 0.11 0.49 0.55 0.99 0.45 0.70 0.80 0.56 0.67 0.84 0.68 0.22 0.04 0.18 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.17 1000 Hz 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.37 0.69 1000 Hz 0.96 0.86 0.88 0.39 1000 Hz 0.04 0.02 0.29 0.07 0.17 0.75 0.72 0.99 0.70 0.90 0.90 0.81 0.91 0.99 1.00 0.60 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.09 2000 Hz 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.60 0.71 2000 Hz 0.93 0.91 0.82 0.38 2000 Hz 0.05 0.02 0.39 0.09 0.24 0.70 0.70 0.99 0.80 0.90 0.85 0.90 0.96 0.98 0.92 0.88 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.10 4000 Hz 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.65 0.73 4000 Hz 0.85 0.86 0.70 0.30 4000 Hz 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.08 0.35 0.60 0.65 0.99 0.80 0.85 0.80 0.91 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.11

125 Hz fully occupied - fabric upholstered 0.60 0.57 occupied wooden pews 0.49 empty - fabric upholstered 0.15 empty metal/wood seats Wall Materials 125 Hz 0.03 Brick: unglazed 0.01 Brick: unglazed & painted 0.36 Concrete block - coarse 0.10 Concrete block - painted Curtain: 10 oz/sq yd fabric molleton 0.03 Curtain: 14 oz/sq yd fabric molleton 0.07 Curtain: 18 oz/sq yd fabric molleton 0.14 0.22 Fiberglass: 2'' 703 no airspace 0.05 Fiberglass: spray 5'' 0.16 Fiberglass: spray 1'' 0.17 Fiberglass: 2'' rolls 0.06 Foam: Sonex 2'' 0.24 Foam: SDG 3'' 0.33 Foam: SDG 4'' 0.13 Foam: polyur. 1'' 0.09 Foam: polyur. 1/2'' 0.18 Glass: 1/4'' plate large 0.35 Glass: window 0.013 Plaster: smooth on tile/brick 0.02 Plaster: rough on lath 0.01 Marble/Tile 0.29 Sheetrock 1/2" 16" on center 0.28 Wood: 3/8'' plywood panel

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Ceiling Materials Acoustic Tiles Acoustic Ceiling Tiles Fiberglass: 2'' 703 no airspace Fiberglass: spray 5" Fiberglass: spray 1" Fiberglass: 2'' rolls wood Foam: Sonex 2'' Foam: SDG 3'' Foam: SDG 4'' Foam: polyur. 1'' Foam: polyur. 1/2'' Plaster: smooth on tile/brick Plaster: rough on lath Sheetrock 1/2'' 16" on center Wood: 3/8" plywood panel Miscellaneous Material Water or ice surface People (adults)

125 Hz 0.05 0.70 0.22 0.05 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.06 0.24 0.33 0.13 0.09 0.013 0.02 0.29 0.28 125 Hz 0.008 0.25

250 Hz 0.22 0.66 0.82 0.15 0.45 0.55 0.11 0.25 0.58 0.90 0.22 0.11 0.015 0.03 0.10 0.22 250 Hz 0.008 0.35

500 Hz 0.52 0.72 0.99 0.45 0.70 0.80 0.10 0.56 0.67 0.84 0.68 0.22 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.17 500 Hz 0.013 0.42

1000 Hz 0.56 0.92 0.99 0.70 0.90 0.90 0.07 0.81 0.91 0.99 1.00 0.60 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.09 1000 Hz 0.015 0.46

2000 Hz 0.45 0.88 0.99 0.80 0.90 0.85 0.06 0.90 0.96 0.98 0.92 0.88 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.10 2000 Hz 0.020 0.5

4000 Hz 0.32 0.75 0.99 0.80 0.85 0.80 0.07 0.91 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.11 4000 Hz 0.025 0.5

Absorption Coefficient of Common Material


Material Concrete or tile Wood on joists Carpet on concrete Carpet on Foam Empty-fabric upholstered Fully occupied- fabric upholstered Empty metal/wood seats Occupied wooden pews Unglazed brick Unglazed & Painted brick Concrete block-coarse Curtain: 10 oz./sq yd. fabric molleton Fiberglass: spray 5 125 Hz 0.01 0.15 0.02 0.08 0.49 0.60 0.15 0.57 0.03 0.01 0.36 0.03 0.05 250 Hz 0.01 0.11 0.06 0.24 0.66 0.74 0.19 0.61 0.03 0.01 0.44 0.04 0.15 500 Hz 0.015 0.10 0.14 0.57 0.80 0.88 0.22 0.75 0.03 0.02 0.31 0.11 0.45 1000 Hz 0.02 0.07 0.37 0.69 0.88 0.96 0.39 0.86 0.04 0.02 0.29 0.17 0.70 2000 Hz 0.02 0.06 0.60 0.71 0.82 0.93 0.38 0.91 0.05 0.02 0.39 0.24 0.80 4000 Hz 0.02 0.07 0.65 0.73 0.70 0.85 0.30 0.86 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.35 0.80

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Foam: Sonex 2 Glass window Rough plaster on lath Marble tile 3/8 plywood panel Acoustic Ceiling Tiles People(adults)

0.06 0.35 0.02 0.01 0.28 0.05 0.25

0.25 0.25 0.03 0.01 0.22 0.22 0.35

0.56 0.18 0.04 0.01 0.17 0.52 0.42

0.81 0.12 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.56 0.46

0.90 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.1 0.45 0.5

0.91 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.11 0.32 0.5

ITEM Thin Carpet Ordinary glass Light Curtains plastered block wood paneling Mineral fiber tiles(avg.) Fabric covered panels empty fabric upholster drawer air conditioning unit desk Total Absorption Reverberation Time (with Sabine formula)

125 Hz 2.42 10.69 0.34 3.38 0.35 45.71 26.35 4.1 1.45 0.84 1.86 0.70

250 Hz 4.83 7.12 0.45 3.38 0.58 49.05 82.81 5.52 0.97 0.56 1.86 0.43

500 Hz 9.66 4.99 1.25 3.38 1.96 60.2 130.49 6.69 0.68 0.39 2.32 222 0.31

1000 Hz 24.15 3.21 1.93 4.5 6.0 80.27 131.74 7.36 0.43 0.25 2.79 262.62 0.26

2000 Hz 42.27 2.14 2.72 5.63 5.76 90.3 121.71 6.86 0.29 0.17 1.86 279.7 0.24

4000 Hz 48.31 1.42 3.97 6.76 6.0 92.53 123 5.86 0.19 0.118 3.72 291.8 0.23

97.46 157.12

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