RESEARCH (Kerlinger) systematic, empirical, controlled & critical investigation of a hypothetical proposition related to nat ral phenomenon!

! "HE#$%E#$# anything that affects h man life & disease, signs & symptoms, proced res, %', R#s H("$)HES*S ed cated g ess, scientific g ess, tentative statement of a s pposed ans+er! & not ,no+n yet if tr e of false, right or +rong RESEARCH & m st -e cond cted to affirm or deny a hypothesis! . ma/or Characteristics of a Scientific Research 0! Systematic follo+ step -y step process! 1r identification of pro-lem to concl sion! 2! Empirical proper o-/ective! )o collect data, facts & evidence to s pport hypothesis! 3! Controlled proper planning4 direction! Research design! .! Critical investigation fact finding investigation! (synonym) "5R"$SE $1 AS*E#)*1*C #5RS*#6 RESEARCH ' descriptive p rpose! 6ain richer familiarity regarding a phenomena! $-servation! 0778 ,no+n to R#! E e9ploratory p rpose! :78 still n,no+n to R#! E e9perimental p rpose! "erform manip lation! "erform intervention! ;hat to find o t ca se & effect! ' developmental p rposes! 1ro improvement of system of care! 1 #ightingale -irthplace! *taly )raining gro nd< 6ermany 6reatest contri- tion< environmental theory & training of R#s in Crimean ;ar School< St! )homas School of # rsing "atient n rsing foc s on research 07 %A=$R S)E"S 0! 2! 3! .! :! ?! @! A! B! 07! *dentification or form lation of research pro-lem Revie+ of related literat re concept ali>ation of concept al4 theoretical frame+or, 1orm lation4 Adapting hypothesis Choosing the appropriate design Choosing sample from pop Cond cting final st dy or pilot st dy Collection of data -ase Analysis & interpretation of data -ase 'isseminating the concl sion & recommendation!

"ro-lem< in res reC ires a sol tion So rces (CD*E#)) of good pro-lem C concepts D literat res * iss es E essays # n rsing pro-lems ) theories Char of good pro-lem (6R*1*#S) 6 general applica-ility res lt sho ld -e helpf l or applica-le to all! a!) -asic4 "re for personal ,no+ledge -!) Applied foc s is solving pro-lems of others Re researcha-le collecta-le & a- ndant data 1 feasi-le or meas ra-le a!) time -!) money4 cost

c!) d!) e!) f!)

participants instr ments e9perience proper ethics of good researcher

* important # novelty original to avoid plagiarism! S significant ETHICS OF A PROPER RESEARCHER: (SCIENTIFIC) S scientific o-/ective al+ays (good faith) C consent * integrity E eC ita-le (appropriate ac,no+ledgments) lia-le for # no-le Respect 3 -asic rights of research sample ) tr thf lness * importance of topic to n rsing profession C co rage to loo, for data! Degal o+ner of chart< Hospital Degal o+ner of data in the chart< "atient "lagiarism illegal replication< no consent & ac,no+ledge 3 rights of sample/ pt 0!) Right not to -e harmed 2!) Right to self determination get consent & right to +ithdra+ consent 3!) Right to privacy a!) anonymity privacy of identity of informant -!) confidentiality name given - t privacy of info4 data Harm that can happen to sample4pt 0!) right from physical , mental & moral harm 2!) Right to self determination #egligence 0!) Commission naccepta-le in standard of practice 2!) $+rission didnEt do anything! #o intervention done! %ental Harm< 0!) Assa lt threatened! %ental fear 2!) Assa lt & Fattery +ith mental fear & physical harm 3!) Fattery +ith physical harm! %oral harm Slander $ral defamation Di-el Restraint dependent +ith doctors order & physical vest or /ac,et & chemical vali m A st dy in the difference in the financial income of 1ilipinos +or,ing in #(C & GC (comparative & -asic) Haria-les anything that is s -/ect t change on manip lation! 0!) *ndependent varia-le target pop lation *H stim l s intervention 2!) 'ependent varia-le response 'H response meas red *ndependent varia-le (stim l s) "lace of +or, )arget "op lation ($rganism) 1ilipino R#s Revie+ers 'ependent Haria-le (Response) 1inancial income early revie+ =an

"avolovian )heory (S$R) Stim l s $rganism Response *ntervening varia-les comes -et+een independent & dependent e9! $rganismic varia-le internal factors age, se9, gender, color! E9traneo s varia-le e9t infl ences can -e changed All re, citi>enship, ed cational stat s 'ichotom s varia-le 2 choices4 res lts E9! %ale or 1emale "olychotm s m ltiple choices4 m lti varia-les "referred food =apanese, Chinese, 1ilipino, American Research 0!) *dentity "ro-lem 2!) " rpose o-/ective (S%AR)) 3!) 'efine terms .!) Revision of terms S smart % meas ra-le A attaina-le R realistic ) time -o nd (limit) Concept al definition dictionary meaning $perational definition -ased on se of research char of pro-lem )o9ic concept al +aste prod cts $perational very - sy day for R#s Revie+ of related literat re " rpose< for proper form lation of concept al & theoretical frame+or,! )heory relationship -et concepts Concept al frame+or,! *ll stration sho+ing relationship -et+een varia-les "aradigm& diagrammatic presentation 4 ill stration of concept al frame+or,! So rce of revie+ literat re 0! Concept al So rces a thors & concept alists ( '$H -oo,, Dippincott, %os-ys) & for general se, can -e sold! 2! Research so rces researchers cant -e sold! T pes of H pothesis: 0! #5DD hypothesis (&) no relationship, no difference -et 0 varia-le to another e9! )hereEs no diff regarding prof $pport nities in 5S & R" 2! Alterative, simple or operational hypothesis (I) sho+ a relationship -et 0 varia-le to another e9! 1ilipino R#s has more prof opport nities n 5S 3! comple9 hypothesis sho+s a relationship -et 2 or more varia-les to another! E9! 1ilipino R#s +ho +or,ed for : yrs & passing all C6 tests have opport nities to acC ire starting salaries, ins rance! .! 'irectional Hypothesis specifies the direction of relationship -et varia-les E9! 1ilipino R#s +or,ing in 5SA have more prof opport nities than those in "hil

:! #on directional Hypothesis no specific direction )here is a -ig difference -et+een all 1ilipino R#s +or,ing in the 5SA : Choosing appropriate design< & s,eletal frame+or, of research Research 'esign< According to application or motive According to approach According to data %ethod sed applica-le to C antitative research< s rvey Case st dy foc s 0 patient only or 0 family Research 'esign Application motive Fasic 4 p re Applied Approach 'ata G antitative (ma/ority ans+er) S rvey #on e9perimental 0!) $-serve sample s -/ect, Research has 2!) %assive participation 3!) 'escri-e & record .!) #at ral setting +here pop e9ists E9perimental< 0!) Active manip lation treatment or intervention done 2!) Active participation to sample pop 3!) Controlled setting la- research nits )ypes of non e9perimental res design! 0! Historical research design happened in the past & collect +ritten, p -lished, circ lated or archived & ptEs chart e9! Health practices d ring Crimean ;ar 2! E9post 1acto (after facts) (Retrospective) & Antecedent facts happened St dy a gro p of people +ho have nat rally e9perienced a partic lar phenomena related to a pro-lem & has something to do +ith present st dy & *ntervie+ only, no manip lationJ S -/ect is related to present pro-lem! 3! "rospective foc sK f t re time to loo, for a data e9isting s -/ect +ith f t re happening 1oc s< +ee,end revie+ in pentagon Res lt< of -oard e9am this coming = ne "resent f t re .! 'escriptive no intervention - t merely o-serve & collect data! E9! St dy on a-sentism in St D ,es St dy on environmental poll tion in G e>on )ypes< a!) comparative st dy similarity & difference of varia-les e9! Environmental poll tion -et+een varia-les -!) Correlatonal relationship -et+een varia-les G alitative facts (single pt) Case st dy

e9! Environmental poll tion & increased )F cases c!) Eval ative effects4 res lts e9! Effects of environmental poll tion d!) S rvey type data collection -ased on ma/ority res lt )ypes or s rvey research 0!) gro ps small gro p 2!) 1ace to face method & can get response4 feed -ac, right a+ay -!) %ailed s rvey method "ro-lemK data collection 3!) )ime orientation Cross sectional & longit dinal e9tend period of time! 2 or more L of gro ps 0 core gro p4 long term st dy nidentical gro ps & p rpose< devEt4 st dy & p rpose< comparison & initial & fallo+ p s rvey & short term st dy L of time Steps in e9perimental type of research design 0! controlled stage discipline4 direction a controlled gro p +ill not -e s -/ective e9perimental gro p +ill -e manip lated 2! Randomini>ation choose yo r sample -y chance 3! %anip lation & intervention .! %eas rements of effect determine the res lt G asi e9perimental& +hen yo lac, in steps in e9perimental "op gro p +here yo get yo r sample )ypes of sampling 0!) "ro-a-ility choose sample -y chance )ypes of pro-a-ility *ncidental sampling these present in coffee shop a!) Simple random sampling eC al chance4 opport nity to -e chosen & done if identical or eC al footing -!) Stratified random sampling create s -divided pop lation (divide into . levels in school) or s -strata -efore doing randomini>ation c!) Cl ster random sampling create s - areas %#D hospitals 5S) 3rd floor d!) Systematic random sampling sampling frame 3,777 H*H patients in "hil +rite list of names appearing in pop ses m ltiple n m-er in choosing! 2! #on pro-a-ility sampling not -y chance & +ith pre&selected gro p, +ith -raised gro p, favoritism a!) Accidental or convenience sampling! Criteria immediate availa-ility4 accessi-ility of sample! -!) " rposive4 / dgmental sampling! & -ased on personal ,no+ledge4 info e9! Research on prostit tion * ,no+ location of prostit tion Ermita "rostit tion also in "asay & %a,ati * +ill not choose "asay & %a,ati only Ermita -eca se * have personal info c!) Sno+-all sampling -ased on last referral d!) G ota sampling setting a certain criteria, +ith favoritism +ill choose only +ho he li,es! Collection of 'ata Fase< & time & - dget cons ming @7 A78 time %ethods of collection of data 0!) G estionnaire so rce of collection f data & pen & paper type of data

3 %a/or type of G a!) 'ichotomasis (2) ans+era-le -y )41, (4#, right or +rong -!) Chec,list style rating scale 0,2,3,.,: poor, fair, average! ! ! c!) % ltiple choice a) man -) dog c) cat d) all of the a-ove 2!) Records easiest get pre e9isting data /o rnals, essays, doc ments, ne+spapers 3!) *ntervie+er se oral comm nication 0!) Str ct red +ith chec,list formal 2!) #on str ct red anything goes ans+er open ended C estions! )he sample +ill e9pand on topic researcher +ill illicit ans+ers their AC)*HE D*S)E#*#6! .!) o-servation oc lar approach a!) "articipant /o rney -!) #on&participant passive o-server - t ses tools to determine res lts of data! ! mai" pro#lems i" $olleti"g %ata 0! Ha+thorneEs effect pro-lem in e9perimental design inacc rate d e to conscio sly -eing o-served ("AASC5 accreditation management ,eeps school clean -efore "AASC5A comes to school! 2! Halo Effect special relationship inacc rate d e -ias & sol tion of researcher to avoid halo effect do do -le -lind res method 'o -le -lind research no -ias or pre/ dice on treatment -lind folded & gives acc racy d e not conscio s & -iased Analysis & Dater p ltation of data phase & research is forming a -ody of ,no+ledge for the p rpose providing an ans+er ! &etho%s i" prese"ti"g o'r a"al sis 0!) G9 antitative sing n merical or graphical presentation of ans+er e9! :78 of C :77 1ilipinos -ecomes @:8 richer & or se pie chart, -ar graph, line graph 2!) G antitive narrative approach sing +ords (te9t) & facts e9! %a/ority of all grad ating st dents prefer to n rsing co rse than ")

(EA)ERSHIP
'issemination of 1inding4 Core4 Recommendations *mportance of core conc is final res lt of st dy Ho+ can conc affect others recommendation &etho%s of %issemi"atio" of Fi"%i"gs/ Res'lt a!) Foo, -!) Symposia oral c!) " -lication DEA'ER +ill infl ence DEA'ERSH*" S ) ( D E " R . gro p Called 1ollo+ers $ C 2 E S S

: goal4 o-/ective patient recipient of care R#s implementor, assistant to dentist, #ot leader

Pri"$iples for effe$ti*e lea%ership 0! 5nity of command all +ill receive orders, command from n rse manager4 s pervisor 2! 5nity of direction +hole gro p leader &ne+-orns +ill have goal to+ards patient! 3! S -ordination of personnel to the general interest & save patient 0st -efore self (e9 fire in pt room) R remove4 resc e patients A alert fire alarm C confine fire in 4 area E e9ting ish fire Rr n .! Esprit de corps team spirit fa lt of one is fa lt of all credit of 0 is credit of all :! Chain of command & hierarchy "atient reacted to meds given, allergy! *nform %' he +ill give anti&histamine! *ncident report for p rpose of ris, management & Report of s dden occ rrence & 6o to Head n rse "t has appendicitis! "ain in RDG +ho is primarily responsi-le for patient Head n rse! H# can delegate to staff n rse pt died! Head # rse is lia-le Command responsi-ility Respondia S perior )heories of effective leader! 0! 6reat man theory to -e a good leader, leader m st -e -orn! Deaders cant -e developed! Some are -orn a follo+er! 2! )rait theory -ehavior4 characteristic " personality * intelligence A a-ility "ersonality I attit de4 trait4 ,no+s to ad/ st to pt adapta-ility a!) accepta-ility can cope, ad/ st to needs of pt -!) independent c!) creative4 assertive d!) advocate Char of n rse if yo are defender of patient against harm4 negligence advocate *ntelligence proper / dgment "roper decision 1l ency of speech A-ility infl ence others most effective +ay to infl ence pt H* optim m level of is attain $D1 Command of others Respect others "articipate Cooperate 3! Charismatic theory charm, charisma, inspirational C ality .! sit ational theory a person can -e a good leader in 0 sit ation & a follo+er in another sit ation! Case to case Adv can get -est person to the /o'isadvantage thereEs no contin ity of leadership

St les of lea%ership:

0! A tocratic a thoritarian, dictatorial, - rea cratic traditional or MHard leaderN & 5nilateral style of n rsing & Deader is only 0 performing +itho t inp t from other staff! & #ot getting opinion, recommendations Char nilateral from style of staff leadership leader does decision ma,ing +itho t! A apathy not sensitive F -oistero s speech C consistent 'emanding E egoistic 1 ferocio s " tting self in shoes of pet recogni>e & sensitive to pt! empathy #ot good style in leadership - t good in emergency cases! $r d ring ac te crisis! 2! Dai>>es 1aire4 1rierein4 Doose & e9cess freedom 4 or li-erates to mem-ers & a thority neglect control malpractice discipline

patients +ill s ffer

3! 'emocratic 4 "articipative & gets inp t from mem-ers (decision ma,ing) & % t al participation & %em-ers ma,es mista,e mem-er +ill get notice4 hearing -efore discipline O d e process G ality4 S,ills4 A-ilities of good n rsing leader< A a thority F -ehavior C Comm nication s,ills ' decision ma,ing E ethics 1 face conflict A a-ility -asis of a leader to ns re 4 demand tas,, o-ligation & resp to his s -ordinates! 2 types 0! Centrali>ed top to -ottom for proper management of +hole hospital & to pro-lems of +hole instit tion 2! 'eclarali>ed -ottom (delegation) & to manage directly pts or concerns F! +eha*ior of goo% "'rse lea%er: S specific -ody of ,no+ledge & s,ills to do safe care to patient! R# sho ld -e competent +ith scientific rationale " patient cettered4 client foc s A acco nta-ility lia-le for res lt of actions C confidentiality E ethics 6eneral r le< R#< can -e charged +ith < *nvasion of privacy, -reach of confidentiality E9emption to gen r le (R# cant -e charged +ith -reach of confidentiality ) " patients consent * inform4 report to other mem-ers of HC team for preca tionary meas re C common dse (report) '$H4 ;H$ C crimes +ithin .Ah report child a- se RA 3:@3 Da+ on notifia-le disease ;ithin 2.h report disease li,e polio & measles 0 +ee, H*H4 tetan s4 severs ac te diarrhea

"riority for child rape se9 al a- se, domestic a- se, all ,inds of a- se a!) report to -arangay official -!) report to police c!) provide safe environment foc s on pt 0st reporting can -e done +ithin .Ah d!) call med legal R leJJ (in order) 0! S safety 2! R report 3! R referral 'S;', #6$ C comm nication s,ills & transfer of ideas 4 info +ith nderstanding ;itho t nderstanding -arrier4 -ac,log Sender message (idea4 info +hich sender +o ld li,e to transmit Encoding ver-al or non ver-al method Receiver recipient of comm nication 'ecoding manner of interpretation after receiving messages 1eed-ac, response of receiving after interpreting messages ' decision ma,ing E ethics "rinciple< 0! A tonomy independent / dgment & decision ma,ing +ho sho ld decide for care of patient! a!) doc -!) attending pt c!) pt d!) relatives "t ref ses to remove l c,y -racelet -efore s rgery Ft d e& =ehovahEs +itness a!) respect decision of pt respect c lt ral diversity -!) refer to doc let doc e9plain ris,s involve c!) let pt sign a +aver 'octrine of ass mption or ris, & pt given ris,s & signed +aver & pt +ill ass me all the ris,s4 danger "ills *5' & string sho ld -e chec,ed d ring & after mens 'iaphragm removed after ?h )o9ic shoc, syndrome Hasectomy after 2 negative sperm co nt, 0st is pro-a-le 2nd is confirmatory F)D can do coit s anytime! ;hen pain & -leeding ceases! "rinciples in leadership Heracity tr th donEt give false reass rance & all med prognosis, d9, se9 of -a-y given -y %'J Feneficence doing good to pt #on malefience do no harm 3 type of harm 0! "hysical negligence -y commission performed +rong action negligence -y omission neglect of care 2! %ental assa lt mental threat4 fear -attery physical harm 3! %oral slander ver-al li-el +ritten, p -lished pict res )olality let pt feel li,e a +hole -eing even if a part is removed! & offer +igs, -andana CA pt prosthesis, casts, +4c amp tation

'o -le effect if made to choose -et+een 2 evils, choose the one that +ill have les -ad effect! %ore good effect = stice of care priority co> P pt has niC e needs! +asi$ $har or "'rsi"g pro$ess A acceptance niversa-le F -ased on pts needs C client foc s ' dynamic pdate n rsing process depending on clients needs E eC ita-le care 1 familiarity 6 goal oriented to+ard solving pro-lem *nviola-ility of life respect of life (promote H & prevent disease) & no a-ortionJ Conflict clash of ideas res lting to crisis &etho%s to sol*e $o"fli$t, A avoidance p tting in one corner dedma not good method S smoothing appealing to conscience4 ,indness 5 nilateral force fear, threats correction # negotiation -est method -oth parties +ill m t ally decide & participate to solve pro-lem! #sg management %gt %A#I )ASK O 6$AD (pts) Theories: 0! H man relations theory m st foc s on proper relationship *f needs provided to mem-er (rest day, leave) Achievement of organi>ation 2! 1rederic, )aylors scientific mgt theory . tEs )ao get rt person4 tao )raining )ool )9 3! 'o glas %c6regor mgt theory & )heory ( "ositive +or,er & efficient diligent tr st+orthy relia-le love their /oO minimal s pervision only

)heory Q #egative +or,er & inefficient negligent non tr st+orthy donEt love /ofor the money only O increase cases of negligence affecting pts! O se co>f * d po+er to discipline +or,ers

.! %a9 ;e-erEs - rocaratic (a tocratic) theory & +hoever is on top +o ld perform mgt f nctions & centrali>ed & not good style of management :! Elton %ayoEs -ehavioral theory & overtime pay, rest day, day off & provide physical needs of +or,er li,e rest & recreation & HA;)H$R#EES E11EC) if +or,er ,no+s that they are -eing o-served, +or,ers +ill have -etter o tp t! ?! Henry 1ayolEs principles of mgt a!) 5nity of command one person given instr ctions to +or,ers -!) 5nity of direction +hole team sho ld have one goal, o-/ective, direction to+ards pt! c!) S -ordination personal general interest pt 0st -efore self d!) Esprit de corp team spirit all (&) & (I) o tp t credited to the gro p e!) Chain of command heiarchy of command 6et appropriate orders from %'

f!) Channels of comm nication %' orders S# S# g!) Respondent s pervisor command responsi-ility & let master ans+er for negligence cond ct of s -ordinate & lia-le< -oth H# lia-le for damages d e resp s pervisor S# negligence & /ail h!) Sec rity of ten re i!) Re&n meration of +or,ers compensation & pro-ationary ? months & reg lar employee "rivate RA .B70 .78 +or, Ah a day : days a +ee, 6ovEt RA @3@: magna carta for p -lic H;or,er 0:, $vertime O I 2:8 #ight shift differential O I078 Special non +or,ing holiday I 378 Degal HolidayO Q2 I0778 $cc pational Ha>ard +or, related disease "rivate SSS employees compensation 6ovEt 6S*S #ational health *ns rance Act "hilHealth & "rovide for nemployed4 employed & Aesthetic, cosmetic, dental not incl ded %aternity leave ?7 days #S' @A days C4S 0st . pregnancies to legit spo se th .! A-ortions : pregnant & & delivered not entitled to maternity leave "aternity leave @ days Stage4 Steps in n rsing management process " planning $ organi>ing S staffing ' directing4 delegating Co coordinating Co controlling4 eval "lanning stage concept ali>ing4 prod ct of mind4 loo,ing at f t re4 loo,ing prospectively )ypes< Hision +hat org li,es to achieve in f t re E9! Health for all -y 2777 Heath in the hands of the people -y 2727 %ission foc s in present & reason +hy org +as esta-lished e9! '$H to five C ality health "hilosophy val es! Fesides org (mem-ers) 6oal gen statement of mission $-/ective specific statement of mission 6oal& n rsing form St! D ,es sho ld provide C ality care to pt $-/ective n rsing from St D ,es sho ld have *H training (specific) "olicies set of r les4 reg lation of org

3 types of plan 0!) Short term for every day ordinary activity e9! #C" 2!) Contingency plan for emergency or ac te crisis, stand -y plan 3!) Dong term plan d ration of care is linger for chronic pts! E9! CHA pts F dgeting performed in planning stage & proper allocation of reso rces & %oney, manpo+er, machine 0!) $perati7nal - dget cheapest everyday ordinary activities (gloves, go+n, goggles $R, DR, 'R,ER) 2!) "ersonal4 la-or - dget sed to compensate & re&n merate la-or most important 3!) Capital - dget long term se eC ipment & %R* eC ipment, -eds F dget as,s MHo+N $rgani>ing stage ans+ers the C estion R;H$N # rse %gr R# S -ordinate #sg personnel n rse aid R# +ill do< (for sta-le & nsta-le pt) A assessment ) health teaching +hen -est time start discharge E e9plain proc to pt health teaching start d ring admission of pt " preparation comp tation of dosage A adm give meds or treatment ) treatment oral, *H, *' E eval ation n rsing care plan = / dgment "R# meds n rsing +ill decide +hen to five S -ordinates can perform< (comfort meas res only not HS) R ro tine tas,s standard proced re, monitor * & $ am- lating, -athing -ed ma,ing & sta-le pts predicta-le o tcomes S sta-le pts S s pervision of R# Styles4 method delivery care 0! "rimary n rsing private d ty n rse from admission to d4cJ ' direct plan of care to pt A active participation4 consent of pt! % mgt of care from -asic to comple9 "' +ill do 2.h from admission t o discharge tip O ans+er is primary n rse 2! 1 nctional most sef l type ' d ty tas, 0 R# all patients $ one tas, H highly recommended R#S - dget 3! Case %ethod *C5 critical case resp for< ) total care (from -asic care to most comple9) $ one R#< 0 patient *n e9treme cases 0<2 pts Staffing stage Mho+ manyN & n rse manager +ill determine correct L of patients4 R# Staffing pattern "hil .7h4 +,4 :d )raditional Ah4.7h4:d

07h shift 07h4 .d %onday )h rsday $n call emergency sched le Faylor plan % 1 (traditional) Sat&S n (s,eletal force) 'irecting4 'elegation stage /o-4 tas, is done -y another pt for yo ! 6en r le< R# can delegate any tas, to another R# E9cept< disciplinary tas, (this is done -y higher person) < confidential tas, (charting) < technical tas, (e9pertice sho ld -e done -y same e9pert) < official medical tas, Coordinating4 colla-oration stage 0! canned food highest p rine content ( ric) 2! Anchovies ne9t highest p rine content 0! *nterpersonal4 intra departmental colla-oration -et 0 n rse to another n rse & & nder 0 +ard & e9! Endorsement 2! *nterdepartmental colla-oration -et+een t+o or more hosp for -enefit of pt! ;hy R# needs to colla-orate to others in HC teamS & pt is entitled to contin o s care! Eval ation stage determine +hether, plan goal, o-/ective +here met or achieved )ypesN 0! # rse ro nds 2 9 ro nds4 day & short term plan "syche +ard contraindicated n rse ro nds in psych +ard 2! Chec,list # rse mgr eval ates4 rates mem-er 3! 6am H chart sed to eval ate n rses , m ltiple plan at same time .! "eer eval ation co +or,ers poorest type of eval ca se might -e effected -y halo effect d e to special relationship! "erformance Appraisal pt or client eval ates most relia-le co> &&&&&&&&& or care eval ates!