O.1-What s trm & trm parts n contro vaves?

Incudes a the parts that are n fowng contact wth the process fud except
the body, BONNET, and body fanges and gaskets. The pug, seats, stem,
gudes, bushngs, and cage are some of the parts ncuded n the term trm.
O.2-What s bench set & how can we ad|ust t?
Bench Set on a Contro Vave s bascay on a pneumatc contro vave, t's
the amount of ar requred to start to move an uncouped actuator from zero
to fu stroke poston.
O.3-What are accessores of contro vaves?
Pressure reguators, postoner, Voume Booster reay, Ouck Exhausts reay,
Trp reay, Lock up reay, mt swtch, soenod vave.
O.4-What are basc confguraton parameters of smart postoner?
Ans- Vave type (Sdng stem or Rotary)
Vave acton (ar to open or ar to cose)
Trave sze
Daphragm sze
Anaog nput range ow (ke as 4 ma)
Anaog nput range Hgh (ke as 20 ma)
O.5-What s Vave CV?
The CV s defned as the number of US gaons of Water per mnute (at
standard pressure & temperature) that w fow through a wde open vave
when there s pressure 1-ps pressure drop across t.
O.6-Spt range of contro vaves
In ths case one vave works from 3-9 ps and second vave 9-15 ps
O.7-What s the purpose of postoner? What are dsadvantages wthout
postoner?
O.8-Common Types of contro vave packng?
- PTFE V Rng
- Lamnated & Fament Graphte.
O.9-If Process varabe s huntng, what w be your step to dentfy the
probem
Frsty put controer on manua & then check that probem n transmtter or
n contro vave, f both stabe then probem n controer tunng.
O.10-What s the purpose of booster reay? Where t s mosty used?
To ncrease the voume of sgna n very short tme. It s used where quck
acton requre (ke ant surge vave)
O.11-What are the contro vave pug characterstcs
Lnear Characterstc
Ouck openng Characterstc
Equa percentage Characterstc.
O.12-Contro vave eakage casses.
Sx dfferent seat eakage cassfcatons
The most common used are Cass IV, V, and VI
CLASS IV metal to metal.
CLASS VI soft seat
O.13-What s packng foower?
A part that transfer a mechanca oad to the packng from the packng fange
or nut.
O.14-A DP transmtter range s 0 -100 mm H20 nstaed across orfce. Its
confguraton n square root mode. Whats nput pressure vaues apped to
the transmtter for cabraton?
0 % - 0 mm
25% - 6.25 mm
50% - 25.0 mm
75% - 56.25mm
100%- 100mm
O.15-Types of Orfce Pates
1. Concentrc
2. Eccentrc
3. Segmenta
4. Condtona
O.16-Why 4 to 20 mA sgna used & why t s 4mA. Why not 0 mA.
Current remans same n resstance crcuts.4 ma s ve zero & heathy
ndcaton of no wre break.
O.17-What s vbraton
A perodc moton or oscaton of a machne.
O.18-Types of Moton/ Vbraton
Thrust/ Axa: Change n poston n axa drecton
Rada: Shaft dynamc moton n the drecton perpendcuar to the shaft
centre ne.
O.19-Components of vbraton measurng oop
Vbraton probe, extenson cabe, proxmty montor.
O.20-Systems of vbraton montorng by BENTLY recenty used commony.
3300 Seres
3500 Seres
O.21-What s the functon of proxmtor & how much frequency vaue t
generates?
Proxmtor s Oscator, Demoduator. Upon energzng, oscator produce 1.5
- 2.0 MHZ rado freq. t dever to probe. Probe gves output to demoduator
that compared t wth generated RF vaue & gve output to montor.
O.22-What s foat of a machne.
Axa cearance of a machne rotor (gven by vendor) n whch t can run
successfuy.
O.23-Functon of wobuator n TK3
It can produce vbraton of 2 ms to 10 ms peak to peak for checkng the
vbraton probe characterstcs.
O.24-Genera vbraton Ouestons.
Vbraton proxmtor suppy -24 V Dc
Norma near range of probe senstvty -2 V dc to -18 V DC
Vbraton system engths (Probe to Proxmtor) 5 Mtr, 7 Mtr, 9 Mtr
Scae factor of proxmtor 200mv/M OR 7.87mv/mcro
meter
Recommended gap votage -9.5 Vdc.
Vbraton measurement unts m, mcro meter,
1mm = 39.37 m or 1000 mcro meter
1m = 25 mcro meter
1m = 200 mV dc.
1 V dc = 5 m
1 mm = 8 V Dc.
O.25-What s the resstance of XL 8mm seres 9 mtr ong vbraton probe?
9.87 ohm
O.26-Vbraton probes characterstcs checkng nstrument
TK3 (It can smuate both types of vbratons)
O.27-Securtes of Centrfuga Compressor
-Sucton pressure ow
-Dscharge temperature hgh
-Low ube o pressure
-Low ube o eve
-Hgh Sea O Leve or Hgh sea Gas Pressure
-Low Sea O Leve or Low Sea Gas Pressure
-Hgh Vbraton /Thrust-Hgh bearng temperature
-Surge Detecton.
O.28-Draw deta surge contro oop of compressor
O.29-What are the process varabes nputs of ant surge contro system.
-Sucton & Dscharge pressure
-Sucton & Dscharge Temperature
-Sucton Fow
-Prme mover speed
O.30-What s the Characterstcs of Ant Surge Vave.
Ar Fa to open, Ouck Openng s ess than 2sec on surge detecton
(acheved by quck exhaust reay)
O.31-What s cascade contro oop?
The Out put of master controer s the set pont of the Save controer.
O.32-Systems n Gas Turbnes.
1. Fue gas system
2. Lube o system
3. Ventaton system
4. Startng system
5. Puse |et system
6. Combuston ar net system
7. Core engne system
8. Fre & Gas System
9. Water washng system
10. Seang & coong ar system
O.33-What s magnetc pckup & how t works? How can cabrate the speed
detecton system of Turbne?
By appyng frequency equa to speed to the montorng system at speed
probe nput pont.
O.34-At what speed n gas turbne, fue ntroduce for gnton?
Normay 21 % of norma oad speed.
O.35-What s dfference between dode & transstor?
Dode and Transstor both are semconductor devces, Dode has two
termnas Anode (A) and Cathode (K) where as transstor has three termnas
Coector (C), Emtter (E) and Base (B). Dode has one |uncton where as
transstor has two |unctons. Both act ke swtch but transstor trgger by
base sgna.
O.36-What s groundng? What s recommended resstance vaue for
nstrument groundng? If the recommended procedure for groundng s not
foowed what can be the resut?
Nose nterference and frequent damage of cards.
O.37-If watchdog tmer tmes out then what w be the status on dscrete
output cards?
A w go to zero state
O.38-What s the dfference between haf-dupex and fu dupex
communcaton?
In haf dupex ony one can communcate at a tme whereas n fu dupex
both can communcate at the same tme.
O.39-What s Communcaton Physca & soft protocos? Where t s used? The
maxmum aowabe range for RS-232 communcaton?
O.40-Expan Intrnscay Safe Instrument?
The Instruments those are unabe or made unabe to reease suffcent
energy to cause gnton, ether by therma or eectrca means.
O.41-What is meant by IP class?
Protecton aganst ngress of sod foregn ob|ects and ngress of water n an
encosure.
O.42-We want to enter a pneumatc tube n |uncton box, what type of tubng
connector used?
Buk head Tubng unon connector
O.43-An open tank heght s 1000mm & qud sp.gravty s 0.8.what s the
cabraton range of ts DP type transmtter nstaed at tank zero bottom
pont?
0 to 800mm of H2O
O.44-A DP transmtter range s - 8000 kpa to +8000 Kpa. What s cabraton
procedure?
For 4 mA appy 8000kpa at ow sde of the transmtter.
For 20 mA appy 8000kpa at Hgh sde of the transmtter
O.45-What s HART, Its Modes name? What s ts workng prncpe?
HART stand for Highway Addressable Remote Transducer. It s a protoco
deveoped by Fsher-Rosemount to retroft 4-20mA current oop transducers
wth dgta data communcaton.
HART Communcator Modes 268, 275, 375, 475
Prncpe: The HART Protoco makes use of the Be 202 Frequency Shft Keyng (FSK)
standard to supermpose dgta communcaton sgnas at a ow eve on top of the 4-20mA.
Ths enabes two-way fed communcaton to take pace and makes t possbe for addtona
nformaton beyond |ust the norma process varabe to be communcated to/from a smart
fed nstrument. The HART Protoco communcates at 1200 bps wthout nterruptng the 4-
20mA sgna and aows a host appcaton (master) to get two or more dgta updates per
second from a smart fed devce. As the dgta FSK sgna s phase contnuous, there s no
nterference wth the 4-20mA sgna. HART technoogy s a master/save protoco
O.46-Mnmum oop resstance requres for connectng HART Communcator?
250 ohm
O.47-What s D/A cabraton n SMART transmtter?
To perform the current cabraton of the transmtter, D/A cabraton used.
O.48-What s sensor trmmng n SMART transmtter?
To cabrate the transmtter at ts fu sensor measurng range mts. (Other
than Cabraton range)
O.49-What types of Thermocoupes used?
E, |, K, R, S, T
O.50-What s the K type thermocoupe wres coour codng n ANSI
(Amercan) system? What ts matera?
+ve wre Yeow (Chommum, ncke),
-ve wre Red (Aumnum, Ncke)
O.51-What can be cause for the Master Fue Trp n Boer.
1. Excessve steam pressure or water temperature.
2. Low water eve.
3. Hgh or ow gas pressure.
4. Loss of combuston ar suppy.
5. Loss of fame.
6. Loss of contro sy
stem power.
O.52-What are boer/Heater/Furnace startups permssve. (BMS System)
1. Drum eve wthn operatng range (not hgh, not ow)
2. Instrument ar header pressure wthn operatng range
3. Fan s n servce
4. Purge ar fow not ow.
5. A fame scanners readng "No Fame"
6. Natura gas bock vaves are proven cosed
8. Ar dampers are n the fuy open poston
9. Natura gas header pressure upstream of bock vave s
satsfactory
10. Pot gas header pressure s satsfactory
11. Burner Contro System s energzed
12. A "No Master Fue Trp condton" condton s estabshed.
O.53-What s RTD, What type of matera commony used for t?
An RTD (Resstance Temperature Detector) s bascay a temperature
senstve resstor. It s a postve temperature coeffcent devce, whch
means that the resstance ncreases
wth temperature. RTD has dfferent confguraton -e
2-wre RTD
3-wre RTD
4-wre RTD
Matera used for RTD Sensor.
Patnum (mosty used), Copper, Ncke and Ncke Iron etc.
O.57-How much vaue of resstance n RTD PT100 at 100C temperature
138 Ohm
O.58-What s dfference between RTD & Thermocoupe?
Resstance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) are sensors that measure
temperature by correatng the resstance of the RTD eement wth
temperature. RTD s more senstve, good stabty, exceent accuracy,
good nearty, ow temperature range.
A thermocoupe conssts of two dssmar metas, |oned together at
one end. When the |uncton of the two metas s cooed or heated a
votage s produced that can be correated back to the temperature.
Thermocoupe s east stabe, ess accurate, non-near, hgh
temperature range.
O.58-What type of Fre & Gas Detector used n O & Gas ndustry?
IR Fame Detector, UV Fame Detector
CH
4
Gas Detector
H
2
S Gas Detector
Pont Gas Detector
Open Path Gas Detector
O.59-What s dfference between step-up & step-down transformer?
Step-up Transformer ncrease votage and decrease current, where as step
down Transformer decrease votage and ncrease current.
O.60-What s PID? What s PID Tunng?
PID stands for Proportona Integra Dervatve Controer. Choosng the
proper vaues of P, I & D s caed PID tunng.