EXPT. NO.

1 : Pre lab Questions Single Phase Half Converter

1. What is the delay angle control of converters?

Delay angle of converter is the time delay between the instant thyristor gets forward biased and the gate pulse is applied. 2. What is natural or line commutation? Line commutation is the commutation technique by which the reversal of voltage across thyristor commutates the thyristor. 3. What is the principle of phase control? hase control is the process of thyristor control by which there is a time delay between the forward bias condition of the thyristor and the trigger pulse application at gate. !. What is e"tinction angle? #"tinction angle is the angle at which the load current drops to $ero in %L loads. &. 'an a freewheeling diode be used in this circuit and (ustify the reason? )reewheeling diode can be used in case of %L loads to improve efficiency of the circuit. When used along with r load* it has no effect.

SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER Aim: To study the operation of single phase half controlled converter using R and RL load and to observe the output waveforms. Apparatus required: 1. 2. 3. !. (. Power thyristors Rheostat CR Transformer "1#phase$ 23%&'2!& Connection wires

Sing e P!ase Ha " C#ntr# ed Bridge Re$ti"ier:

Cir$uit Diagram

%#de Grap!:
2

O&ser'ati#n Ta& e: Seria N#( 1 2 3 3% *% +% Triggering ang e ))* degree , , , Output '# tage +# ,'# t,measured+ ( Time peri#d,ms-

Pr#$edure: 1. 2. 3. !. (. *. -. .a/e the connections as per the circuit diagram. Connect CR and voltmeter across the load. 0eep the potentiometer at the minimum position. 1witch on the step down ac source. Chec/ the gate pulses at 21#01 3 22#024 respectively. bserve the wave form on CR and note the triggering angle 5)6 and 7ote the corresponding reading of the voltmeter. 8lso note the value of .a9imum amplitude &m from the waveform.

,. +.

1et the potentiometer at different positions and follow the step given in "*$ for every position. Tabulate the readings in the observation column.

T!e#r.: 8 semi converter uses two diodes and two thyristors and there is a limited control over the level of dc output voltage. 8 semi converter is one :uadrant converter. 8 one#:uadrant converter has same polarity of dc output voltage and current at its output terminals and it is always positive. ;t is also /nown as two# pulse converter. <igure shows half controlled rectifier with R load. This circuit consists of two 1CRs T1 and T24 two diodes =1 and =2. =uring the positive half cycle of the ac supply4 1CR T1 and diode =2 are forward biased when the 1CR T1 is triggered at a firing angle >t ? )4 the 1CR T1 and diode =2 comes to the on state. 7ow the load current flows through the path L # T1# R load @=2 # 7. =uring this period4 we output voltage and current are positive. 8t >t ? A4 the load voltage and load current reaches to Bero4 then 1CR T1 and diode =2 comes to off state since supply voltage has been reversed. =uring the negative half cycle of the ac supply4 1CR T2 and diode =1 are forward biased. Chen 1CR T2 is triggered at a firing angle >t ? A D )4 the 1CR T2 and diode =1 comes to on state. 7ow the load current flows through the path 7 # T2# R load @ =1 #L. =uring this period4 output voltage and output current will be positive. 8t >t ? 2A4 the load voltage and load current reaches to Bero then 1CR T2 and diode =1 comes to off state since the voltage has been reversed. =uring the period "A D ) to 2A$ 1CR T2 and diode =1 are conducting. +#ut/,01+s-,23C#s4-56

Post lab Questions: Single Phase Half Converter

1. What is conduction angle? 'onduction angle is the time period for which the thyristor conducts. 2. What are the effects of adding freewheeling diode in this circuit? +he addition of freewheeling diode improves efficiency when supplying %L loads by allowing current to freewheel* it also improves power factor. 3. What are the effects of removing the freewheeling diode in single phase semi converter? ,n case of %L loads* the use of freewheeling diode improves the circuit performance* but in case of % load* there is no improvement in performance. !. Why is the power factor of semi converters better than that of full converters? +he power factor of semi-converters is better than that of full converters* because of the presence of freewheeling diode. &. What is the inversion mode of converters? ,f the firing angle of converter is greater than ./ degrees* the converter acts as inverter in inversion mode.

&

SINGLE PHASE F7LL8 CONTROLLED CON+ERTER Aim: To study the operation of single phase fully controlled converter using R and RL load and to observe the output waveforms. Apparatus Required: 1. 2. 3. !. (. Power thyristors Rheostat CR Transformer "1#phase$ 23%&'2!& Connection wires

Cir$uit Diagram