Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue Squad

ANNEX B
Sheet 1

TENSILE STRENGTH & SLIPPAGE OF THE OVERHAND KNOT

Size Material Brand Age Material wet or dry Theoretical Sling strength Rated Strength when new (kN) Sling Strength without knot (kN) Results Lowest Breaking Load (kN) Mean Breaking load (kN) Std Deviation (kN) 2 std Dev back from Mean (kN) Mean "Tail" slippage at 1.96 kN Total "Tension" slippage at 1.96 kN (mm) Mean "Tail" slippage at 3.67 kN (mm) Total "Tension" slippage at 3.67 kN (mm) Mean "Tail" slippage at failure (mm) Total "Tension" slippage at failure (mm) Time in water (minutes) Anaylsis % Loss of strength due to knot (& age) % Strength remaining in rope/tape Remaining Factor of Safety with a 1.96 kN load (min should be 5) 25 mm flat Polyester tape Donaghys New Dry 25 mm flat Polyester tape Donaghys New Wet 50 mm flat Polyester tape Donaghys New Dry 50 mm flat Polyester tape Donaghys New Wet 25 mm tube Polyamide tape Edelrid 3.0 years Dry 9mm static Polyamide rope Edelrid (dry) 6.25 years old Dry 9mm static Polyamide rope Edelrid (dry) 6.25 years old Wet 11mm static Polyamide rope BWII 1 year old Dry 12mm Sisal Rope Zenith New Dry

7.25

7.25

25.77

25.77

18.00

20.09

20.09

31.36

9.11

14.50
5.46 6.03 0.51 5.01 Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded 8 73 -

14.50
5.36 6.02 0.50 5.02 Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded 4 66 50

51.54
18.28 19.78 0.92 17.94 25 Not recorded 28 Not recorded 48 264 -

51.54
20.68 21.58 0.67 20.25 32 Not recorded 36 Not recorded 39 278 50

36.00
6.60 7.16 0.42 6.31 14 Not recorded 19 Not recorded 24 102 -

40.18
10.98 12.03 0.78 10.48 9 79 9 116 25 189 -

40.18
10.60 13.08 1.56 9.96 10 Not recorded 13 Not recorded 30 206 45

62.72
22.12 24.02 0.98 22.05 12 51 17 85 61 307 -

18.22
11.32 12.87 1.05 10.78 11 18 12 39 18 86 -

65% 35% 2.6

65% 35% 2.6

65% 35% 9.2

61% 39% 10.3

82% 18% 3.2

74% 26% 5.3

75% 25% 5.1

65% 35% 11.3

41% 59% 5.5

Note: The results data in each column is the mean of six tests.

Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue Squad

ANNEX B
Sheet 2

TENSILE STRENGTH & SLIPPAGE OF OTHER ALTERNATIVE KNOTS Abnormal Figure 8

Size Material Brand Age Material wet or dry Theoretical Sling strength Rated Strength when new (kN) Sling Strength without knot (kN) Results Lowest First Roll back (kN) Mean First Roll back (kN) Std Deviation for 1st roll back(kN) Lowest Breaking Load (kN) Mean Breaking load (kN) Std Deviation (kN) 2 std Dev back from Mean (kN) Mean "Tail" slippage at 1.96 kN (mm) Total "Tension" slippage at 1.96 kN (mm) Mean "Tail" slippage at 3.67 kN (mm) Total "Tension" slippage at 3.67 kN (mm) Mean"Tail" slippage (mm) Total "Tension" slippage (mm) Time in water (minutes) Analysis % Loss of strength due to knot (& age) % Strength remaining in rope/tape Remaining Factor of Safety with a 1.96 kN load (mim should be 5) 11mm static Polyamide rope Blue Water 10-15 years old Dry 9mm static Polyamide rope Edelrid (dry) 3.5 years old Dry 9mm static Polyamide rope Edelrid (dry) 3.5 years old Wet 7mm Polyamide Cord Riviory new Dry

Rethreaded Figure 8
9mm static Polyamide rope Riviory new Dry 11mm static Polyamide rope BWII 1 year old Dry 11mm static

Alpine Butterfly
11mm static Polyamide rope Edelrid 6.25 years old Wet Polyamide rope Edelrid 6.25 years old Dry 11mm static Polyamide rope BWII 1 year old Dry

31.36 62.72 2.10 3.92 1.40 26.79 29.98 2.94 24.10 16 203 28 290 69 519 62% 38% 12.3

20.09 40.18 4.60 5.46 0.86 16.60 18.06 1.46 15.14 3 Not recorded 6 Not recorded 53 370 62% 38% 7.7

20.09 40.18 2.78 4.92 1.35 15.42 17.15 1.35 14.46 10 127 19 159 61 340 52 64% 36% 7.4

9.8 19.60

18 36.00

31.36 62.72

29.4 58.80

29.4 58.80

31.36 62.72

15.52 17.99 1.51 14.96 0 39 1 61 0 116

26.19 28.35 1.50 25.36 1 49 2 87 -2 182

31.47 32.51 1.20 30.11 1 45 2 83 1 221

24.98 27.62 1.82 23.97 13 84 14 121 40 226 -

22.96 26.10 3.03 20.04 14 84 17 112 30 199 44 66% 34% 10.2

30.46 31.40 0.71 29.97 14 54 23 78 36 159 52% 48% 15.3

24% 76% 7.6

30% 70% 12.9

52% 48% 15.4

59% 41% 12.2

Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue Squad

Note: The results data in each column is the mean of six tests.

Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue Squad

Notes for Stage One B Strength of Alternative Knots 1. Strength loss due to knot for the 25mm tube seems excessive and it is assumed an aging factor has affected the results 2. Each result is the mean of a sample of 6 specimens, using a NATA certified Tensile testing machine. The only exception is the dry abnormal Figure 8 which are only based on 2 specimens only, due to not having enough sample rope. 3. All of tests using rope between 3 and 6 years old will have an aging factor which will affect the strength loss due to knot percentage. It is expected Stage 1 C will determine the aging factor for these ropes, except the 3 year old due to lack of rope..