6(59,&,8/1$,21$/'((9$/8$5(,(;$0,1$5(

GHID DE EVALUARE

ISTORIE

2001

Autori:
Prof. Rozalia Doicescu (cap. II, III, IV, VI)

3URI 1LFROHWD /L RLX FDS ,

Prof. gr. I Eugen Palade (cap. I, II, III, VI)

3URI JU , 5RGLFD 7XGRULF
3URI GU $XUHOLDQ 7XGRULF

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 FDS 9

Coordonator: prof. Rozalia Doicescu

/D HODERUDUHD SUREHORU GH HYDOXDUH GLQ FDSLWROXO 9, DX FRQWULEXLW L

 

3URI 0 G OLQD 7UDQGDILU

Prof. gr.I Doru Dumitrescu

CUPRINS

INTRODUCERE

CAPITOLUL I,1752'8&(5(1352%/(0$7,&$*(1(5$/$(9$/85,,
5
,3UREOHPHVSHFLILFHDOHHYDOXULL
5
,5HODLDHYDOXDUHDFXUHQWH[DPHQH
7
I.3. Metode de evaluare
9
,&DOLWLOHLQVWUXPHQWHORUGHHYDOXDUH
18
I. 5. Tipuri de itemi
22
CAPITOLUL II. ITEMI OBIECTIVI
$,WHPLFXDOHJHUHGXDO
B. Itemi de tip pereche
&,WHPLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSO

23
23
29
32

CAPITOLUL III. ITEMI SEMIOBIECTIVI

$,WHPLFXUVSXQVVFXUWGHFRPSOHWDUH
%QWUHEULVWUXFWXUDWH

37
37
43

&$3,72/8/,9,7(0,68%,(&7,9,&8563816'(6&+,6
$(VHXFXUVSXQVUHVWUkQs
B. Eseu structurat
C. Eseu liber/nestructurat

49
51
58
63

CAPITOLUL V. METODE ALTERNATIVE DE EVALUARE

$,QYHVWLJDLD
B. Proiectul (Referatul)
C. Portofoliul
D. Autoevaluarea

67
69
83
91
96

CAPITOLUL VI. PROBE DE EVALUARE

%,%/,2*5$),(6(/(&7,9

98
123

INTRODUCERE
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PDLPXOWUHVLPLWDWkWDVXSUDDFWLYLWLLGHSUHGDUHFkWLDVXSUDFHOHLGHvQYDUH
3URIHVRUXOFkWLHOHYXOVXQWFHLGLQWkLLQWHUHVDLvQUHDOL]DUHDXQHLHYDOXULRELHFWLYH
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FDUHDFHVWDLOHSURSXQH

V IDPLOLDUL]H]H cadrele didactice de specialitate cu problemele specifice

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baremelor de corectare a acestora.
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LQWHUHV VXJHVWLL L REVHUYDLL XWLOH SH ED]D FURUD vL SRDWH FRQFHSH DFLXQLOH
HYDOXDWLYHYLLWRDUH'HDVHPHQHDUHFRPDQGPFDSDUFXUJHUHDJKLGXOXLVILHIFXW
XUPkQGvQRUGLQHFDSLWROHOHSUH]HQWDWHSULQFXSULQVDVWIHOvQFkWFLWLWRUXOVDLEDWkW
YL]LXQHD GH DQVDPEOX DVXSUD SUREOHPDWLFLL JHQHUDOH SUH]HQWDWH FkW L vQHOHJHUHD
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& $3 , 7 2 / 8 /  ,  , Q W U R G X F H U H  v Q S U RE O H P D W L F D  J H Q H U D O  D
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Q FDGUXO SURFHVXOXL GH vQYPkQW DFWLYLWLOH GH SUHGDUH vQYDUH L HYDOXDUH
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necesare. De aceea, SUHGDUHDvQY DUHDHYDOXDUHD WUHEXLH SURLHFWDWH vQ DFHODL
timp.

Evaluarea, ca activitate n sine, cuprinde trei etape principale:

PVXUDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU FRODUH SULQ SURFHGHH VSHFLILFH XWLOL]kQG

LQVWUXPHQWH DGHFYDWH VFRSXOXL XUPULW SUREH VFULVHRUDOHSUDFWLFH
proiecte, portofolii etc.);

aprecierea acestor rezultate pe baza unor criterii unitare (bareme

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formularea concluziilor GHVSULQVHvQXUPDLQWHUSUHWULLUH]XOWDWHORU

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Deci,
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GDWHOHRELQXWHvQXUPDDSOLFULLXQRULQVWUXPHQWHGHPVXUDUH
n scopul
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HGXFDLRQDO
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 GLDJQRVWLF vQ VHQVXO GH D IDFH FXQRVFXWH VLWXDLLOH L IDFWRULL FDUH FRQGXF OD
RELQHUHD DQXPLWRU UH]XOWDWH DOH HOHYLORU SHQWUX D VWDELOL HYHQWXDOHOH SURFHGXUL GH
remediere a punctelor critice.
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UH]XOWDWHORU vQUHJLVWUDWH L DO SODQLILFULL VHFYHQHORU XUPWRDUH DOH DFWLYLWLL GH
vQYDUH'HRELFHLDFHDVWIXQFLHDHYDOXULLVH DVRFLD] FHOHL GH GLDJQR]ILLQG
complementare.
de certificare D QLYHOXOXL GH FXQRWLQH L DELOLWL DO HOHYLORU OD VIkULWXO XQHL
SHULRDGHOXQJLGHLQVWUXLUHFLFOXGHvQYPkQWvQYPkQWREOLJDWRULXHWF
GHVHOHF LHDHOHYLORUSHQWUXDFFHVXOvQWURWUHDSWVXSHULRDUGHvQYPkQWVDX
vQWUXQ SURJUDP VSHFLILF GH LQVWUXLUH JLPQD]LX OLFHX vQYPkQW VXSHULRU FXUVXUL
SRVWXQLYHUVLWDUHFXUVXULVSHFLDOHvQGRPHQLLDUWLVWLFHHWF5HDOL]DUHDDFHVWHLIXQFLL
SHUPLWH FODVLILFDUHDLHUDUKL]DUHD HOHYLORU vQ XUPD UH]XOWDWHORU RELQXWH vQ FRQGLLLOH
H[LVWHQHL GH RELFHL D XQXL QXPU OLPLWDW GH ORFXUL SHQWUX IUHFYHQWDUHD
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o serie de IXQF LLVSHFLILFHGLQWUHFDUHPHQLRQP
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sine;
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SHUIRUPDQHORU HOHYLORU IXUQL]HD] LQIRUPDLL XWLOH HOHYLORU vQ YHGHUHD DOHJHULL IRUPHL
FRUHVSXQ]WRDUHGHvQYPkQW
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HYDOXDUH vQ IXQFLH GH GLIHULWH FULWHULL GRPHQLXO vQ FDUH VH UHDOL]HD] PRPHQWXO
PRGXO vQ FDUH VH LQWHUSUHWHD] UH]XOWDWHOH HWF &kWHYD GLQWUH FHOH PDL X]XDOH
FODVLILFULVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQFRQWLQXDUH
'XS PRGXO vQ FDUH VH LQWHJUHD] vQ GHVIXUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GLGDFWLF,
evaluarea poate fi de trei tipuri:
a) HYDOXDUHLQL LDOFDUHVHUHDOL]HD]ODvQFHSXWXOXQXLQRXFLFOXGHvQYDUHVDX
SURJUDP GH LQVWUXLUH vQ VFRSXO VWDELOLULL QLYHOXOXL GH SUHJWLUH DO HOHYLORU 3ULQ
LQWHUPHGLXO HYDOXULL LQLLDOH VH LGHQWLILF QLYHOXO DFKL]LLLORU HOHYLORU vQ WHUPHQL GH
FXQRWLQH FRPSHWHQH L DELOLWL vQ VFRSXO DVLJXUULL SUHPLVHORU DWLQJHULL
RELHFWLYHORUSURSXVHSHQWUXHWDSDGHvQYPkQWUHVSHFWLY ,QIRUPDLOHRELQXWH
vQXUPDUHDOL]ULLXQHLHYDOXULLQLLDOHVSULMLQSODQLILFDUHDDFWLYLWLORUYLLWRDUHDOH
SURIHVRUXOXL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD DGHFYULL DFHVWRUD OD SRVLELOLWLOH HOHYLORU VDX D
LQLLHULLGDFHVWHFD]XODXQRUSURJUDPHGHUHFXSHUDUH
b) HYDOXDUHD IRUPDWLY vQVRHWH vQWUHJXO SDUFXUV GLGDFWLF UHDOL]kQGXVH SULQ
YHULILFUL VLVWHPDWLFH DOH WXWXURU HOHYLORU DVXSUD vQWUHJLL PDWHULL 'LQ DFHVW PRWLY

HIHFWHOHVDOHDPHOLRUDWLYHDVXSUDDFWLYLWLLGHvQYDUHVXQWFRQVLGHUDELOHRIHULQG
SHUPDQHQW SRVLELOLWDWHD GH UDSRUWDUH OD RELHFWLYHOH RSHUDLRQDOH SURSXVH L GH
HYLGHQLHUH D SURJUHVXOXL vQUHJLVWUDW GH OD R VHFYHQ OD DOWD D LQVWUXLULL Q FD]XO
HYDOXULLIRUPDWLYHIHHGEDFNXORELQXWHVWHPXOWPDLXWLOLHILFLHQWDMXWkQGDWkW
HOHYXOFkWLSURIHVRUXOVvLDGDSWH]HDFWLYLWDWHDYLLWRDUHODVSHFLILFXOVLWXDLHL
c) HYDOXDUHDVXPDWLYVHUHDOL]HD]GHRELFHLODVIkULWXOXQHLSHULRDGHPDLOXQJL
GHLQVWUXLUHGHH[HPSOXFDSLWROVHPHVWUXDQFRODUFLFOXGHvQYPkQWHWF
RIHULQG LQIRUPDLL XWLOH DVXSUD QLYHOXOXL GH SHUIRUPDQ DO HOHYLORU vQ UDSRUW FX
RELHFWLYHOH GH LQVWUXLUH SURSXVH (YDOXDUHD VXPDWLY VH FRQFHQWUHD] PDL DOHV
DVXSUD HOHPHQWHORU GH SHUPDQHQ DOH DSOLFULL XQRU FXQRWLQH GH ED] DOH
GHPRQVWUULLXQRUDELOLWLLPSRUWDQWHGREkQGLWHGHHOHYLvQWURSHULRDGPDLOXQJ
GH LQVWUXLUH &DUDFWHUXO DPHOLRUDWLY DO HYDOXULL VXPDWLYH HVWH UHODWLY UHGXV
HIHFWHOHUHVLPLQGXVHGXSRSHULRDGPDLvQGHOXQJDWGHUHJXOSHQWUXVHULLOH
viitoare de elevi.
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GRXWLSXUL
a) HYDOXUL LQWHUQH DWXQFL FkQG DFLXQHD HYDOXDWLY HVWH HIHFWXDW GH FWUH
DFHHDL SHUVRDQLQVWLWXLH FDUH HVWH LPSOLFDW GLUHFW L vQ DFWLYLWDWHD GH
LQVWUXLUHGHH[HPSOXSURIHVRUXOGHODFODV
b) HYDOXULH[WHUQHvQFDUHVHLPSOLFRSHUVRDQLQVWLWXLHDOWDGHFkWFHDFDUH
a asigurat realizarea procesului didactic.

,5HOD LDHYDOXDUHFXUHQWH[DPHQH
(YDOXDUHDFXSULQGHGRX SULLPSRUWDQWH

HYDOXDUHDFXUHQW

examenele

7RWXL vQWUH FHOH GRX SUL H[LVW R OHJWXU VWUkQV GH FRQGLLRQDUH
UHFLSURF
n mod normal, HYDOXDUHDFXUHQWWUHEXLHVVSULMLQHH[DPHQHOH prin:
PRGDOLW LOHGHHYDOXDUH (strategii, tehnici, instrumente) care sunt utilizate
vQSUDFWLFDFRODUODFODV
SUHJWLUHDSURIHVRULORUvQGRPHQLXOHYDOXULLvQVHQVXODELOLWULLDFHVWRUD
vQDSOLFDUHDGLIHULWHORULQVWUXPHQWHLPHWRGH
familiarizarea elevilor FX WLSXUL GH LWHPL VDUFLQL GH OXFUX GXS PRGHOXO
FHORU FDUH YRU IL GDWH OD H[DPHQ SUHFXP L FX EDUHPXO GH FRUHFWDUH D
acestora;
7

 utilizarea rezultatelor saleSDULDOVDXvQWRWDOLWDWHvQFDGUXOH[DPHQHORU

'LQ DFHDVW XOWLP SHUVSHFWLY UHOD LD HYDOXULL FXUHQWHFRQWLQXH FX

examenele poate urma trei modele posibile (A. Stoica, 2000, pg. 60):
MODELUL I
Q FD]XO DFHVWXL PRGHO H[LVW R ]RQ FRPXQ DWkW HYDOXULL FRQWLQXH FkW L
H[DPHQHORU FHHD FH vQVHDPQ F UH]XOWDWHOH HYDOXULL FRQWLQXH DX R DQXPLW
pondere n stabilirea notei finale la examen $FHDVW ]RQ FRPXQ LD vQ
FRQVLGHUDUHXWLOL]DUHDDFHORUPHWRGHLLQVWUXPHQWHGHHYDOXDUHFDUHSRWILDSOLFDWHOD
FODV QHFHVLWkQG XQ WLPS PDL OXQJ GH HODERUDUH L GH OXFUX L FDUH WHVWHD]
FDSDFLWL LPSRUWDQWH DOH HOHYLORU GDU JUHX GH GHPRQVWUDW vQ VLWXDLD GH H[DPHQ
H[HPSOXVLVWHPXOGHvQYPvQWGLQ$QJOLD

EVALUARE
EXAMENE
&217,18

MODELUL II
Q DFHVW FD] HYDOXDUHD FRQWLQX QX VH DIO vQ QLFL XQ IHO GH UHODLH FX
examenele, UH]XOWDWHOHHYDOXULLFRQWLQXHQHILLQGOXDWHvQFRQVLGHUDUHvQFDGUXO
examenelorH[HPSOHVLVWHPHOHGHvQYPkQWGLQ5RPkQLD0ROGRYD

EVALUARE
EXAMENE
&217,18

MODELUL III
n acest caz, UH]XOWDWHOH HYDOXULL FRQWLQXH VXQW vQ WRWDOLWDWH OXDWH vQ
considerare n cadrul examenelor GH H[HPSOX VLVWHPHOH GH vQY PkQW GLQ
6SDQLDL3RUWXJDOLD

EVALUARE
&217,18
EXAMENE

'LQDFHDVWSHUVSHFWLYSHQWUXLQWHJUDUHDHYDOXULLFXUHQWHFXH[DPHQHOHVHSRW
DSOLFDGRXVWUDWHJLL
a) XQDSURYLQHGLQVSUHH[DPHQHLVHUHIHUODGLYHUVLILFDUHDIRUPHORULPHWRGHORU
GHWHVWDUHvQFDGUXODFHVWRUDvQDDIHOvQFkWXQHOH WHKQLFL FDUH VH XWLOL]HD] vQ
HYDOXDUHDFXUHQWVILHWUDQVIHUDWHH[DPHQHORU
b) FHD GHD GRXD SRUQHWH GLQVSUH SDUWHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH SULQ YDORUL]DUHD
rezultatelor acesteia n cadrul examenelor.

I.3. Metode de evaluare

7HRULDLSUDFWLFDHYDOXULLGLVFULPLQHD]vQWUHPHWRGHOHWUDGL LRQDOHGHHYDOXDUH
LFHOHFRPSOHPHQWDUH
0HWRGHOH WUDGL LRnale de evaluare DX FSWDW DFHDVW GHQXPLUH GDWRULW
FRQVDFUULLORUvQWLPSFDILLQGFHOHPDLGHVXWLOL]DWH'LQDFHDVWFDWHJRULHIDFSDUWH
probele orale;
probele scrise;
probele practice.
Pentru asigurarea unui consens din punct de vedere conceptual vom adopta n
FRQWLQXDUHXUPWRDUHDGHILQL LHGHOXFUX$6WRLFD60XVWHD SJ
3URE RULFHLQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHSURLHFWDWDGPLQLVWUDWLFRUHFWDWGHFWUH
profesor.

Probele orale UHSUH]LQW PHWRGD GH HYDOXDUH FHO PDL GHV XWLOL]DW OD FODV
'DWRULWILGHOLW LLLYDOLGLW LLORUVF]XWHDFHVWHSUREHQXVXQWUHFRPDQGDELOHvQVLWXD LL
GHH[DPHQQVvQHYDOXDUHDODFODVDFHVWHDvLGHPRQVWUHD]YDORDUHDPDLDOHVvQ

FD]XO GLVFLSOLQHORU FDUH SUHVXSXQ GHPRQVWUDUHD XQRU FDSDFLW L L DELOLW L GLILFLO GH

surprins prin intermediul probelor scrise (de exemplu, capacitatea de comunicare
YHUEDO
AvantajeleXWLOL]ULLSUREHORURUDOHYL]HD]
 IOH[LELOLWDWHD L DGHFYDUHD LQGLYLGXDO D PRGXOXL GH HYDOXDUH SULQ SRVLELOLWDWHD
GH D DOWHUQD WLSXO vQWUHEULORU L JUDGXO ORU GH GLILFXOWDWH vQ IXQF LH GH FDOLWDWHD
UVSXQVXULORURIHULWHGHFWUHHOHY
SRVLELOLWDWHDGHDFODULILFDLFRUHFWDLPHGLDWHYHQWXDOHOHHURULVDXQHvQ HOHJHUL
DOHHOHYXOXLvQUDSRUWGHXQFRQ LQXWVSHFLILF
IRUPXODUHDUVSXQVXULORUXUPUHWHORJLFDLGLQDPLFDXQXLGLVFXUVRUDOFHHD
FHRIHUPDLPXOWOLEHUWDWHGHPDQLIHVWDUHDRULJLQDOLW LLHOHYXOXLDFDSDFLW LLVDOHGH
argumentare etc.;
QXvQXOWLPXOUkQGWLSXOGHLQWHUDF LXQHGLUHFWFUHDWvQWUHHYDOXDWRULHYDOXDW
SURIHVRULHOHYHVWHGHQDWXUVVWLPXOH]HPRGXOGHVWUXFWXUDUHDUVSXQVXULORUGH
FWUH HOHY vQFXUDMkQG L PDQLIHVWUL FH SHUPLW HYDOXDUHD FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL DIHFWLY
atitudinal.
(VWHQHFHVDUvQVVILHDYXWHvQYHGHUHLlimitele acestor probe, dintre care
PHQ LRQP
GLYHUVHOHFLUFXPVWDQ HFDUHSRWLQIOXHQ DRELHFWLYLWDWHDHYDOXULL GHH[HPSOX
JUDGXOGLIHULWGHGLILFXOWDWHDOvQWUHEULORUGHODXQHOHYODDOWXOYDULD LDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL
HYDOXDWRUXOXL HWF FHHD FH JHQHUHD] R SXWHUQLF YDULHWDWH LQWHULQGLYLGXDO L
LQWUDLQGLYLGXDO vQWUHSHUVRDQHOH FDUHHYDOXHD] VDX OD DFHODL HYDOXDWRU vQ PRPHQWH
diferite;
QLYHOXOVF]XWGHYDOLGLWDWHLILGHOLWDWH
FRQVXPXOPDUHGHWLPSDYkQGvQYHGHUHFHOHYLLVXQWHYDOXD Lindividual.
'HFL]LD SURIHVRUXOXL GH D XWLOL]D SUREHOH RUDOH vQ DQXPLWH VLWXD LL DOH SUDFWLFLL
FRODUHFXUHQWHWUHEXLHVVHvQWHPHLH]HSHUD LXQLFDUH LQGH

RELHFWLYHOHHYDOXULLvQVLWXD LDFRQFUHW

tipul de evaluare promovat;

QXPUXOHOHYLORU

timpul disponibil;

resursele materiale alocate;

WLSXOGHLQIRUPD LHSHFDUHSURIHVRUXOGRUHWHVRRE LQSULQUVSXQVXULOH

elevilor;

QDWXUDLVSHFLILFXOGLVFLSOLQHL
10

Probele scrise VXQW SUDFWLFDWH L XQHRUL FKLDU SUHIHUDWH GDWRULW XQRUD GLQWUH
avantajele ORU LPSRVLELO GH LJQRUDW vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH VH GRUHWH HILFLHQWL]DUHD
SURFHVXOXLGHLQVWUXLUHLFUHWHUHDJUDGXOXLGHRELHFWLYLWDWHvQDSUHFLHUH'LQWUHDFHVWHD
PHQ LRQP
 HFRQRPLD GH WLPS SH FDUH R UHDOL]HD] vQ FDGUXO EXJHWXOXL DORFDW UHOD LHL
SUHGDUHvQY DUHHYDOXDUH3UREHOHVFULVHSHUPLWHYDOXDUHDXQXLQXPUPDUHGHHOHYL
ntr-un timp relativ scurt.
 DFRSHULUHD XQLWDU FD YROXP L SURIXQ]LPH SH FDUH R DVLJXU OD QLYHOXO
FRQ LQXWXOXL HYDOXDW 3UREHOH VFULVH IDF SRVLELO HYDOXDUHD WXWXURU HOHYLORU DVXSUD
DFHOHLDL VHFYHQ H FXUULFXODUH FHHD FH IDFH FRPSDUDELOH UH]XOWDWHOH HOHYLORU LDU
HYDOXDUHDvQVLQHPDLRELHFWLY
 SRVLELOLWDWHD SURIHVRUXOXL GH D HPLWH MXGHF L GH YDORDUH PXOW PDL RELHFWLYH
vQWHPHLDWHSHH[LVWHQ DXQRUFULWHULLGHHYDOXDUHFODUVSHFLILFDWHLSUHVWDELOLWH
SRVLELOLWDWHDHOHYLORUGHDLHODERUDUVSXQVXOLQGHSHQGHQWIUQLFLXQIHOGH
LQWHUYHQ LHGLQDIDUUHIOHFWkQGFXQRWLQ HLFDSDFLW LGHPRQVWUDWHvQWUXQULWPSURSULX
 GLPLQXDUHD VWULORU WHQVLRQDOH GH VWress, care pot avea un impact negativ
DVXSUDSHUIRUPDQ HLHOHYLORUWLPL]LVDXFXDOWHSUREOHPHHPR LRQDOH
Dezavantajul major este presupus de relativa ntrziere n timp a momentului
vQFDUHVHUHDOL]HD]FRUHFWDUHDXQRUJUHHOLVDXFRPSOHWDUHDXQRUODFXQHLGHQWLILFDWH

Probele practice VXQW XWLOL]DWH vQ YHGHUHD HYDOXULL FDSDFLW LL HOHYLORU GH D
DSOLFDDQXPLWHFXQRWLQ HWHRUHWLFHSUHFXPLDJUDGXOXLGHVWSkQLUHDSULFHSHULORUL
GHSULQGHULORUGHRUGLQSUDFWLF&XWRDWHFDFWLYLW LOHSUDFWLFHRIHUSRVLELOLWDWHDHOHYXOXL
GH DLGH]YROWDDWkW FRPSHWHQ HOH JHQHUDOH FRPXQLFDUH DQDOL] VLQWH] HYDOXDUH
FkW L SH FHOH VSHFLILFH DSOLFDWLYH PDQLSXODUHD GDWHORU LQVWUXPHQWHORU GH OXFUX
LQWHUSUHWDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU HYDOXDUHD HOHYLORU SULQ SUREH SUDFWLFH DWkW vQ VLWXD LL GH
H[DPLQDUHFXUHQWFkWLvQVLWXD LLGHH[DPHQHVWHIRDUWHSX LQSXVvQYDORDUH
3HQWUXUHDOL]DUHDFXVXFFHVDXQHLDFWLYLW LSUDFWLFHHVWHQRUPDOFDvQFGHOD
vQFHSXWXODQXOXLFRODUHOHYLLVILHDYL]D LDVXSUD,1HDFX$6WRLFDS

WHPDWLFLLOXFUULORUSUDFWLFH

modului n care ele vor fi evaluate (baremele de notare);

FRQGL LLORU FDUH OH VXQW RIHULWH SHQWUX D UHDOL]D DFHVWH DFWLYLW L DSDUDWH
XQHOWHVOLGHVSRUWHWF

11

$DFXPPHQ LRQDPDQWHULRUPHWRGHOHWUDGL LRQDOHGHHYDOXDUHFRQFHSXWHFD

UHDOL]kQGXQHFKLOLEUXvQWUHSUREHOHRUDOHVFULVHLFHOHSUDFWLFHFRQVWLWXLHODPRPHQWXO
DFWXDOHOHPHQWHOHSULQFLSDOHLGRPLQDQWHvQGHVIXUDUHDDFWXOXLHYDOXDWLY3RUQLQGGH
OD DFHDVW UHDOLWDWH RELHFWLY VWUDWHJLLOH PRGHUQH GH HYDOXDUH FDXW V DFFHQWXH]H
DFHD GLPHQVLXQH D DF LXQLL HYDOXDWLYH FDUH V RIHUH HOHYLORU VXILFLHQWH L YDULDWH
SRVLELOLW L GH D GHPRQVWUD FHHD FH WLX FD DQVDPEOX GH FXQRWLQ H GDU PDL DOHV
FHHD FH SRW V IDF SULFHSHUL GHSULQGHUL DELOLW L $FHVW OXFUX VH SRDWH UHDOL]D SULQ
utilizarea metodelor complementare de evaluare.

Principalele metode complementare de evaluare DO FURU SRWHQ LDO IRUPDWLY

VXV LQHLQGLYLGXDOL]DUHDDFWXOXLHGXFD LRQDOSULQVSULMLQXODFRUGDWHOHYXOXLVXQW
REVHUYDUHDVLVWHPDWLFDDFWLYLW LLLDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXLHOHYLORU
LQYHVWLJD LD
proiectul;
portofoliul;
autoevaluarea.

2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL L D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU

IXUQL]HD] SURIHVRUXOXL LQIRUPD LL UHOHYDQWH DVXSUD SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU VL GLQ
SHUVSHFWLYD FDSDFLW LL ORU GH DF LXQH L UHOD LRQDUH D FRPSHWHQ HORU L DELOLW LORU GH
FDUH GLVSXQ DFHWLD 3HQWUX D DWLQJH DFHVW VFRS SURIHVRUXO WUHEXLH V XWLOL]H]H XQ
LQVWUXPHQWDU DGHFYDW RELHFWXOXL REVHUYULL Q PRG SUDFWLF SURIHVRUXO DUH OD GLVSR]L LH
trei PRGDOLW L GH vQUHJLVWUDUH D DFHVWRU LQIRUPD LL YH]L L 1 *URQOXQG  SJ
434-450):

ILDGHHYDOXDUH

scara de clasificare

lista de control/verificare

(VWH LPSRUWDQW GH VXEOLQLDW vQ OHJWXU FX DFHVWH PRGDOLW L GH vQUHJLVWUDUH D
LQIRUPD LLORUIDSWXOFSRWILXWLOL]DWHDWkWSHQWUXHYDOXDUHDSURFHVXOXLFkWLDSURGXVHORU
UHDOL]DWHGHHOHYLVXUSULQ]kQGDWkWRELHFWLYULFRPSRUWDPHQWDOHDOHGRPHQLXOXLFRJQLWLY
FkWLDOHGRPHQLLDIHFWLYLSVLKRPRWRU
z )LDGHHYDOXDUHHVWHFRPSOHWDWGHFWUHSURIHVRUvQHDvQUHJLVWUkQGXVH
date factuale despre evenimentele cele mai importante pe care profesorul le
LGHQWLILFvQFRPSRUWDPHQWXOVDXPRGXOGHDF LXQHDOHOHYLORUVLIDSWHUHPDUFDELOH

12

SUREOHPH FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH HYLGHQ LHUHD XQRU DSWLWXGLQL GHRVHELWH vQWUXQ GRPHQLX

VDX DOWXO HWF /D DFHVWHD VH DGDXJ LQWHUSUHWULOH SURIHVRUXOXL DVXSUD FHORU
vQWkPSODWH SHUPL kQGXL DFHVWXLD V VXUSULQG PRGHOXO FRPSRUWDPHQWDO DO HOHYLORU
VL
Deci, profesoUXOvQWURSULPLQVWDQ HVWHFHOFDUHGHFLGHFHFRPSRUWDPHQW
YDILREVHUYDWLvQUHJLVWUDWFRQILJXUkQGDULDFRPSRUWDPHQWDOHYHQWXDOHOHOLPLWHDOH
REVHUYD LLORUvQUHJLVWUDWHJUDGXOGHH[WLQGHUHvQXWLOL]DUHDODFHVWRUREVHUYD LL
Exemplu DGDSWDWGXS1*URQOXQGSJ
Clasa..........
Disciplina.....................

Numele elevului...............................
Data.............................

Eveniment
3HQWUX RUD UHVSHFWLY HOHYLL DX DYXW GH SUHJWLW R FRPSXQHUH vQ FDUH V
GHVFULHFHDPDLGUDJSHUVRDQ)ORULQDIRVWVLQJXUXOHOHYFDUHDGHFODUDW
FQXLDIFXWWHPD/DMXPWDWHDRUHLFROHJXOOXLGHEDQFPLDVSXVF
Florin scrisese de fapt tema, dar nu era o compunere, ci o poezie despre
PDPDVDSHFDUHvQVQXYUHDVRFLWHDVFGHWHDPFFHLODO LFROHJLYRU
rde de el.
/D VIkULWXO RUHL )ORULQ PD vQWUHEDW GDF SRDWH FLWL SRH]LD VFULV GH HO $
FLWLW SRH]LD FX R YRFH MRDV XLWkQGXVH WRW WLPSXO vQ KkUWLH PLFkQGXL
SLFLRUXO GUHSW vQDLQWH L vQDSRL L WUJkQGXVH GH JXOHUXO FPLL &kQG D
WHUPLQDWFROHJXOOXLGLQXOWLPDEDQFDVSXV1DPDX]LWQLPLF3R LVPDL
FLWHWLSRH]LDvQFRGDWPDLWDUH")ORULQDVSXV1XLVDDH]DW
Interpretare:
)ORULQ GRYHGHWH XQ WDOHQW OLWHUDU UHDO SHQWUX YkUVWD OXL GDU QX DUH vQF
vQFUHGHUH vQ IRU HOH VDOH 1X vL SODFH V FLWHDVF vQ ID D FODVHL L vL HVWH
WHDP GH UHDF LD FHORUODO L 5HIX]XO GH D FLWL vQF R GDW SRH]LD VH
GDWRUHD]SUREDELOWLPLGLW LLVDOHLIDSWXOXLFQLPHQLQXODvQFXUDMDWSkQ
DFXPVIDFDFHVWOXFUX7DOHQWXOVXWUHEXLHVWLPXODWFDLvQFUHGHUHGH
sine.

Un avantajLPSRUWDQWDODFHVWRUILHGHHYDOXDUHHVWHDFHODFQXGHSLQGHGH
capacitatea de comunicare a elevului cu profesorul, profesorul fiind cel care

13

vQUHJLVWUHD]LLQWHUSUHWHD]FRPSRUWDPHQWXOWLSLF VDX DOWH SURGXVH L SHUIRUPDQ H

ale elevului.
Un dezavantaj GHFDUHWUHEXLH LQXWVHDPHVWHDFHODDOPDUHOXLconsum de
timp SH FDUH vO LPSOLF WLPSXO QHFHVDU SURIHVRUXOXL VSUH H[HPSOX SHQWUX D QRWD
GHVFULHULOH YHUEDOH DOH FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU VL OD FDUH VH DGDXJ IDSWXO F
DFHVWHQRWULQXDXRFRWULGLFDWGH obiectivitate, ceea ce are repercursiuni asupra
ILGHOLW LLDFHVWRUvQUHJLVWUUL
z Scara de clasificare vQVXPHD] XQ VHW GH FDUDFWHULVWLFL FRPSRUWDPHQWH
FHWUHEXLHVXSXVHHYDOXULLvQVR LWGHXQDQXPLWWLSGHVFDUGHRELFHLscara Likert.
3RWULYLW DFHVWXL WLS GH VFDU HOHYXOXL vL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH XQ QXPU GH HQXQ XUL vQ
UDSRUW GH FDUH DFHVWD WUHEXLH VL PDQLIHVWH DFRUGXO VDX GH]DFRUGXO GLVFULPLQkQG
ntre cinci trepte: puternic acord; acord; indecis (neutru); dezacord; puternic
dezacord.
Exemplu:
3DUWLFLSFXSOFHUHODDFWLYLW LOHGHOXFUXvQHFKLS

V puternic dezacord V dezacord

V neutru

V acord

V puternic acord

PLDVXPLPHGLDWUHVSRQVDELOLW LOHFDUHvPLVXQWVWDELOLWHvQFDGUXOHFKLSHL

V puternic dezacord V dezacord

V neutru

V acord

V puternic acord

8Q HOHPHQW HVHQ LDO vQ FRQVWUXLUHD XQHL VFUL GH FODVLILFDUH vO FRQVWLWXLH
UHGDFWDUHDXQXLEXQHQXQ ODFDUHHOHYXOVSRDWUVSXQGH3ULQXUPDUH
D )LHFDUH HQXQ  WUHEXLH V FXSULQG FXYLQWH IDPLOLDUH VXELHFWXOXL XWLOL]kQG OLPEDMXO
DFHVWXLD L QX XQXO SXWHUQLF VSHFLDOL]DW VDX WHKQLF 'HFL HQXQ XUL FX R VWUXFWXU
VLPSO
E)LHFDUHHQXQ VILHH[SULPDWclar pozitiv sau clar negativVUHSUH]LQWHSR]L LLFODU
SR]LWLYH VDX QHJDWLYH (VWH ELQH FD HQXQ XULOH V ILH H[SHULPHQWDWH vQDLQWH GH
introducerea lor n instrument.
F/LVWDILQDOGHHQXQ XULWUHEXLHVFRQ LQXQQXPUDSUR[LPDWLYHJDOGH HQXQ XUL
SR]LWLYHLQHJDWLYH.
G)LHFDUHHQXQ WUHEXLHVSURGXFLQIRUPD LDQHFHVDU1XVHLQWURGXFHXQHQXQ
GRDUSHQWUXFHVWHLQWHUHVDQWGHY]XWFHUVSXQGVXELHF LLODHO(QXQ XOWUHEXLH
V IDF UHIHULUH FODU OD DWLWXGLQHD VDX OD RSLQLD GHVSUH FDUH GRULP V DIOP
LQIRUPD LL
z Lista de control/verificare GHL SDUH DVHPQWRDUH FX VFDUD GH
FODVLILFDUH FD PDQLHU GH VWUXFWXUDUH XQ VHW GH HQXQ XUL FDUDFWHULVWLFL
FRPSRUWDPHQWH HWF VH GHRVHEHWH GH DFHDVWD SULQ IDSWXO F SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO HL
GRDUVHFRQVWDWSUH]HQ DVDXDEVHQ DXQHLFDUDFWHULVWLFLFRPSRUWDPHQWHWFIUD
HPLWHRMXGHFDWGHYDORDUHRULFkWGHVLPSO
14

ExempluGHVIXUDUHDXQHLDFWLYLW LH[SHULPHQWDOHvQODERUDWRU

Elevul:
DXUPDWLQVWUXF LXQLOHVSHFLILFHDFWLYLW LL
Da
-a cerut ajutor atunci cnd a avut nevoie.
Da
DFRRSHUDWFXFHLODO LFROHJLSHQWUXDUHDOL]D
produsul final.
Da
-a finalizat sarcina de lucru.
Da
DIFXWFXUDWODPDVDGHOXFUX
Da

Nu
Nu
Nu
Nu
Nu

Un avantaj DO OLVWHL GH FRQWUROHVWH DFHOD F VH HODERUHD] UHODWLY XRU, fiind
RELHFWLYvQHYDOXDUHDDELOLW LORUFDUHSRWILvQPRGFODUGLYL]DWHvQSDLVSHFLILFL
8Q WLS VSHFLDO GH REVHUYD LH HVWH REVHUYD LD SDUWLFLSDWLY FX LPSOLFD LL
VHPQLILFDWLYHDVXSUDUHOD LHLSURIHVRUHOHYGLQFODV$FHVWWLSGHREVHUYD LHSUDFWLFDW
GHFWUHSURIHVRUXOHVWHvQHVHQ VXELHFWLYGDUSRDWHVLVSRUHDVFSURFHQWXOGH
RELHFWLYLWDWH GDF DWHQ LD YD IL FRQFHQWUDW DVXSUD FRQVWUXF LHL L XWLOL]ULL
instrumentelor.
Q FHHD FHSULYHWH FRVWXULOH LPSOLFDWH GH DFHDVW PHWRG HD HVWH LHIWLQ GDU
mare consumatoare de timp.
,QYHVWLJD LDFDPHWRGFRPSOHPHQWDUGHHYDOXDUHRIHUSRVLELOLWDWHDHOHYXOXL
GH D DSOLFD vQPRG FUHDWLY FXQRWLQ HOH vQVXLWH vQ VLWXD LLQRL L YDULDWH SH SDUFXUVXO
unei ore sau unei succesiuni de ore de curs.
Q FDGUXO XQHL LQYHVWLJD LL RELHFWLYHOH HYDOXDWH GH H[HPSOX GHILQLUHD L
vQ HOHJHUHDSUREOHPHLLGHQWLILFDUHDSURFHGHHORUGHRE LQHUHDLQIRUPD LLORUFROHFWDUHD
L RUJDQL]DUHD GDWHORU IRUPXODUHD L WHVWDUHD LSRWH]HORU GHVFULHUHD PHWRGHORU GH
LQYHVWLJD LH D SUREOHPHL HODERUDUHD XQXL VFXUW UDSRUW GHVSUH UH]XOWDWHOH LQYHVWLJD LHL
FDSWVHPQLILFD LLGLIHULWHFRUHODWHFXJUDGXOGHFRPSOH[LWDWHDOVDUFLQLLGHOXFUXLFX
QDWXUD GLVFLSOLQHL OD FDUH VH DSOLF 8Q HOHPHQW LPSRUWDQW vQ GHVIXUDUHD XQHL
LQYHVWLJD LL GXS SURLHFWDUHD HL vO FRQVWLWXLH SUHH[SHULPHQWDUHD FHHD FH DVLJXU XQ
SOXV GH YDOLGLWDWH LQVWUXPHQWXOXL GH HYDOXDUH SH FDUH SURIHVRUXO LQWHQ LRQHD] VO
SURSXQHOHYLORUVL
$FWLYLWDWHD GLGDFWLF GHVIXUDW SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO DFHVWHL SUDFWLFL HYDOXDWLYH
SRDWH V ILH RUJDQL]DW LQGLYLGXDO VDX SH JUXSXUL GH OXFUX LDU DSUHFLHUHD PRGXOXL GH
UHDOL]DUHDLQYHVWLJD LHLHVWHGHRELFHLGHWLSKROLVWLF
$SRUWXODFHVWXLWLSGHDFWLYLWDWHDVXSUDGH]YROWULLFDSDFLW LORUGHRUGLQDSOLFDWLY
DOH HOHYLORU HVWH FRQVLGHUDELO PDL DOHV vQ FD]XO UH]ROYULL SUREOHPHORU GH]YROWULL
FDSDFLW LGHDUJXPHQWDUHJkQGLULLORJLFHHWF

15

Proiectul UHSUH]LQW R DFWLYLWDWH GH HYDOXDUH PDL DPSO GHFkW LQYHVWLJD LD
3URLHFWXOvQFHSHvQFODVSULQGHILQLUHDLvQ HOHJHUHDVDUFLQLLGHOXFUXHYHQWXDOLSULQ
vQFHSHUHD UH]ROYULL DFHVWHLD  VH FRQWLQX DFDV SH SDUFXUVXO D FkWRUYD ]LOH VDX
VSWPkQLWLPSvQFDUHHOHYXODUHSHUPDQHQWHFRQVXOWULFXSURIHVRUXOLVHvQFKHLHWRW
vQFODVSULQSUH]HQWDUHDvQID DFROHJLORUDXQXLUDSRUWDVXSUDUH]XOWDWHORURE LQXWHL
GDFHVWHFD]XODSURGXVXOXLUHDOL]DW&DLLQYHVWLJD LDSURLHFWXODUHPDLPXOWHHWDSH
LSRDWHILUHDOL]DWLQGLYLGXDOVDXvQJUXS
Etapele proiectului presupun direc LRQDUHD HIRUWXULORU HOHYLORU vQ GRX GLUHF LL OD
IHO GH LPSRUWDQWH GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PHWRGRORJLF L SUDFWLF FROHFWDUHD GDWHORU L
UHDOL]DUHD SURGXVXOXL )LHFDUH GLUHF LH FRQ LQH HOHPHQWH FDUH FRQIHU VSHFLILFLWDWH
SURLHFWXOXLvQIXQF LHGHGLVFLSOLQDSHFDUHRYL]HD]
3ULQWUHFDSDFLW LOHHOHYLORUSRVLELOGHHYDOXDWSULQLQWHUPHGLXODFHVWHLPHWRGHVH
SRWHQXPHUD$6WRLFD60XVWHD S
DGHFYDUHDPHWRGHORUGHOXFUXLDLQVWUXPHQWDUXOXLDOHVODRELHFWLYHOHSURSXVH
prin proiect;
foloVLUHDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDPDWHULDOHORULHFKLSDPHQWHORUGLQGRWDUH
RIHULUHDXQHLVROX LLFRUHFWHUH]ROYDUHDGHSUREOHPH
UHDOL]DUHDFXDFXUDWH HDSURGXVXOXLGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQLF
SRVLELOLWDWHDJHQHUDOL]ULLSUREOHPHLVROX LHL
prezentarea proiectului.
Strategia de evaluare a proiectului, care este una de tip holistic, trebuie, la
UkQGXO HL V ILH FODU GHILQLW SULQ FULWHULL QHJRFLDWH VDX QX FX HOHYLL DVWIHO vQFkW V
HYLGHQ LH]HHIRUWXOH[FOXVLYDOHOHYXOXLvQUHDOL]DUHDSURLHFWXOXL

Utilizarea portofoliului FD PHWRG FRPSOHPHQWDU GH HYDOXDUH vQ SUDFWLFD

FRODU FXUHQW VH LPSXQH GLQ FH vQ FH PDL PXOW DWHQ LHL L LQWHUHVXOXL SURIHVRULORU
3RUWRIROLXO LQFOXGH UH]XOWDWHOH UHOHYDQWH RE LQXWH SULQ FHOHODOWH PHWRGH L WHKQLFL GH
HYDOXDUH SUREH RUDOH VFULVH SUDFWLFH REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL
HOHYXOXLSURLHFWXODXWRHYDOXDUHDSUHFXPLVDUFLQLVSHFLILFHILHFUHLGLVFLSOLQH
3RUWRIROLXUHSUH]LQWFDUWHDGHYL]LWDHOHYXOXLXUPULQGXLSURJUHVXOGHODXQ
VHPHVWUXODDOWXOGHODXQDQFRODUODDOWXOLFKLDUGHODXQFLFOXGHvQY PkQWODDOWXO
,PSRUWDQW UPkQH VFRSXO SHQWUX FDUH HVWH SURLHFWDW SRUWRIROLXO FHHD FH YD
GHWHUPLQD L VWUXFWXUD VD $OWXUL GH VFRS vQ GHILQLUHD XQXL SRUWRIROLX VXQW OD IHO GH
UHOHYDQWHFRQWH[WXOLPRGXOGHSURLHFWDUHDSRUWRIROLXOXL
2 IXQF LH LPSRUWDQW SH FDUH R SUHLD SRUWRIROLXO HVWH DFHHD GH LQYHVWLJDUH D
PDMRULW LLSURGXVHORUHOHYLORUFDUHGHRELFHLUPkQQHLQYHVWLJDWHvQDFWXOHYDOXDWLY
16

UHSUH]HQWkQG vQ DFHODL WLPS XQ VWLPXOHQW SHQWUX GHVIXUDUHD vQWUHJLL JDPH GH
DFWLYLW LGLGDFWLFHQXGRDUSUHJWLUHDVWHUHRWLSSHQWUXWHVWHGHFXQRWLQ HQDFHODL
WLPS VDUFLQD HYDOXULL FRQWLQXH HVWH SUHOXDW FX VXFFHV L IU WHQVLXQHD SH FDUH DU
SXWHDRJHQHUDPHWRGHOHWUDGL LRQDOHGHHYDOXDUHDSOLFDWHIUHFYHQW
3ULQ FRPSOH[LWDWHD L ERJ LD LQIRUPD LHL SH FDUH R IXUQL]HD] VLQWHWL]kQG
DFWLYLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GHD OXQJXO WLPSXOXL XQ VHPHVWUX DQ FRODU VDX FLFOX GH
vQY PkQWSRUWRIROLXOSRDWHFRQVWLWXLSDUWHLQWHJUDQWDXQHLHYDOXULVXPDWLYHVDXD
XQHLH[DPLQUL

Autoevaluarea SULQ LQIRUPD LLOH SH FDUH OH IXUQL]HD] DUH XQ URO HVHQ LDO vQ
vQWUHJLUHD LPDJLQLL HOHYXOXL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD MXGHF LL GH YDORDUH SH FDUH R HPLWH
profesorul.
3HQWUX FD HYDOXDUHD V ILH UHVLP LW GH FWUH HOHY FD DYkQG HIHFW IRUPDWLY
UDSRUWkQGXVH OD GLIHULWH FDSDFLW L DOH VDOH vQ IXQF LH GH SURJUHVXO UHDOL]DW L GH
GLILFXOW LOHSHFDUHOHDUHGHGHSLWHVWHIRDUWHXWLOIRUPDUHDLH[HUVDUHDODHOHYLD
FDSDFLW LL GH DXWRHYDOXDUH (OHYLL DX QHYRLH V VH DXWRFXQRDVF $FHVW IDSW DUH
PXOWLSOHLPSOLFD LLvQSODQPRWLYD LRQDOLDWLWXGLQDO
&DLSURIHVRUXOFDUHFRQGXFHDFWLYLWDWHDHOHYXODIODWvQVLWXD LDGHvQY DUHDUH
QHYRLH GH DQXPLWH SXQFWH GH UHIHULQ  FDUH VL GHILQHDVF UROXO VDUFLQD QDWXUD L
GLUHF LLOHDFWLYLW LLVDOHDMXWkQGXOVFRQWLHQWL]H]HSURJUHVHOHLDFKL]L LLOHIFXWHVL
HODERUH]HVWLOXOSURSULXGHOXFUXVVHSRDWVLWXDSHUVRQDOvQUDSRUWFXH[LJHQ HOHGH
vQY DUH
8Q ORF DSDUWH vQ DFHDVW VIHU vO RFXS DXWRevaluarea comportamentelor din
GRPHQLXO DIHFWLY DO GH]YROWULL SHUVRQDOH $FHVW OXFUX VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO
FKHVWLRQDUHORUVFULORUGHFODVLILFDUHHWF

7RDWH DFHVWH PHWRGH FRPSOHPHQWDUH GH HYDOXDUH DVLJXU R DOWHUQDWLY OD

IRUPXOHOH WUDGL LRQDOH D FURU SUH]HQ  HVWH SUHSRQGHUHQW RIHULQG DOWH RS LXQL
PHWRGRORJLFH L LQVWUXPHQWDOH FDUH vPERJ HVF SUDFWLFD HYDOXDWLY 9DOHQ HOH ORU
IRUPDWLYHOHUHFRPDQGVXV LQXW vQDFHVW VHQV (VWH FD]XO vQVSHFLDO DOLQYHVWLJD LHL
SURLHFWXOXLLSRUWRIROLXOXLFDUHvQDIDUDIDSWXOXLFUHSUH]LQWLPSRUWDQWHLQVWUXPHQWHGH
HYDOXDUH FRQVWLWXLH vQ SULPXO UkQG VDUFLQL GH OXFUX D FURU UH]ROYDUH VWLPXOHD]
vQY DUHDGHWLSHXULVWLF
Dintre YDOHQ HOH IRUPDWLYH ale metodelor complementare de evaluare pot fi
PHQ LRQDWH
-

RSRUWXQLWDWHD FUHDW SURIHVRUXOXL GH D RE LQH QRL L LPSRUWDQWH LQIRUPD LL

DVXSUD QLYHOXOXL GH SUHJWLUH DO HOHYLORU VL 3H ED]D DFHVWRU LQIRUPD LL

17

SURIHVRUXOvLIXQGDPHQWHD]MXGHFDWDGHYDORDUHSHFDUHRH[SULPvQWU
R DSUHFLHUH FkW PDL RELHFWLY D SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU L D SURJUHVHORU
vQUHJLVWUDWHGHFWUHDFHWLD
-

SRVLELOLWDWHDHOHYXOXLGHDDUWDFHHDFHWLHLPDLDOHVFHHDFHWLHV
IDFvQWURYDULHWDWHGHFRQWH[WHLVLWXD LL

RIHULUHDXQHLLPDJLQLSHUPDQHQWDFWXDOL]DWHDVXSUDSHUIRUPDQ HORUHOHYLORU
vQ UDSRUW FX DELOLW LOH L FDSDFLW LOH SH FDUH DFHWLD OH GH LQ SUHFXP L D
unei imagini ct mai complete asupra profilului general al nivelului de
DFKL]L LLDOHOHYXOXLDPEHOHvQVSULMLQXOSURIHVRUXOXL

DVLJXUDUHD XQXL GHPHUV LQWHUDFWLY DO DFWXOXL GH SUHGDUHvQY DUH DGDSWDW
nevoilor de individualizare a sarcinilor de lucru pentru fiecare elev,
YDORULILFkQGLVWLPXOkQGSRWHQ LDOXOFUHDWLYLRULJLQDOLWDWHDDFHVWXLD

H[HUVDUHD DELOLW LORU SUDFWLFDSOLFDWLYH DOH HOHYLORU DVLJXUkQG R PDL EXQ

FODULILFDUH FRQFHSWXDO L LQWHJUDUH vQ VLVWHPXO QR LRQDO D FXQRWLQ HORU
DVLPLODWHFDUHDVWIHOGHYLQRSHUD LRQDOH

n termeni generali, metoda HVWH FHD FDUH FRQWXUHD] vQWUHJXO GHPHUV GH

SURLHFWDUH L UHDOL]DUHDDF LXQLLHYDOXDWLYH GH ODVWDELOLUHDRELHFWLYHORU GHHYDOXDUH L
SkQ OD FRQVWUXLUHD L DSOLFDUHD LQVWUXPHQWXOXL GH HYDOXDUH SULQ FDUH LQWHQ LRQP V
RE LQHP LQIRUPD LLOH QHFHVDUH L UHOHYDQWH SHQWUX VFRSXULOH SURSXVH 'LQ DFHDVW
SHUVSHFWLYinstrumentul de evaluareHVWHSDUWHLQWHJUDQWDPHWRGHLILLQGFHOFDUH
FRQFUHWL]HD] OD QLYHO GH SURGXV RS LXQHD PHWRGRORJLF D SURIHVRUXOXL SHQWUX
PVXUDUHD L DSUHFLHUHD FXQRWLQ HORU L FRPSHWHQ HORU HOHYXOXL vQWUR VLWXD LH
HGXFD LRQDOELQHGHILQLW

&DOLW LOHLQVWUXPHQWHORUGHHYDOXDUH
3ULQFLSDOHOH FDOLW L DOH XQXL LQVWUXPHQW GH HYDOXDUH SH FDUH vO YRP QXPL vQ
continuare test sunt: YDOLGLWDWHD ILGHOLWDWHD RELHFWLYLWDWHD L DSOLFDELOLWDWHD (vezi
L,1HDFX$6WRLFDFRRUGSJ
&RQIRUP$XVXEHOL5RELQVRQSJvaliditatea unui test se
UHIHU OD IDSWXO GDF WHVWXO PVRDU FHHD FH HVWH GHVWLQDW V PVRDUH /D SULPD
YHGHUHDFHVWDQXQ JHQHUDOSDUHHYLGHQWGDUVHPQLILFD LLOHVDOHSURIXQGHYRUGHYHQL
mai clare pe parcursul descrierii tipurilor de validitate.
'HFL SULPD vQWUHEDUH OD FDUH WUHEXLH V UVSXQG DXWRUXO XQXL WHVW HVWH ce
LQWHQ LRQH]VPVRUSULQLQWHUPHGLXODFHVWXLWHVW?5VSXQVXOSHFDUHDXWRULLvORIHU
GH RELFHL VH UHIHU OD SODQXO FRPSRUWDPHQWDO DGLF ODPVXUDUHDD FHHD FH WLX L

18

WLXVIDFHOHYLL3ULQDGPLQLVWUDUHD GH WHVWH VXQWPDL JUHXGHPVXUDW LQWHUHVHOH

HOHYLORU VDX DVSHFWHOH FH LQ GH ODWXUD DIHFWLYDWLWXGLQDO D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL
DFHVWRUD $FHVWHDVSHFWH QX SRW IL PVXUDWH vQ PRG GLUHFW SHQWUX FXDQWLILFDUHD ORU
fiind recomandabil utilizarea instrumentelor complementare de evaluare.
9DOLGLWDWHD WHVWXOXL VH DVLJXU L SULQ HYLWDUHD XQRU HOHPHQWH GH LQWHUIHUHQ 
SUHFXPXWLOL]DUHDXQXLOLPEDMLQDGHFYDWYkUVWHLHOHYLORUVDXQLYHOXOXLGHvQ HOHJHUHDO
HOHYLORUQFD]FRQWUDUYRUILPVXUDWHvQSULPXOUkQGDELOLW LOHGHVWSkQLUHDOLPELL
LDELDvQSODQVHFXQGDUGHSULQGHULOHLFRQ LQXWXULOHVSHFLILFH
3HQWUX FD XQ WHVW V ILH FRQVLGHUDW YDOLG WUHEXLH V DFRSHUH vQ PRG
DGHFYDWSURSRU LRQDO FDSLWROHOH SURJUDPHL LQkQG FRQW GH OXQJLPHD SRQGHUHD VDX
LPSRUWDQ DGLIHULWHORUDVSHFWHDOHFRQ LQXWXOXLODFDUHIDFHUHIHULUH

9DOLGLWDWHDXQXLWHVWYL]HD]XUPWRDUHOHDVSHFWH
YDOLGLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW
validitatea de construct
YDOLGLWDWHDFRQFXUHQW
YDOLGLWDWHDSUHGLFWLY
YDOLGLWDWHDGHID DG
1. 9DOLGLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW UHOHY PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO DFRSHU vQ PRG
XQLIRUP HOHPHQWHOH GH FRQ LQXW PDMRUH SH FDUH DFHVWD OH WHVWHD]
$SUHFLHUHDYDOLGLW LLGHFRQ LQXWVHIDFHSULQHVWLPDUHDFRQFRUGDQ HLGLQWUH
LWHPLL WHVWXOXL L RELHFWLYHOH RSHUD LRQDOH GHILQLWH SH ED]D FRQ LQXWXULORU
HVHQ LDOHDOHSURJUDPXOXLGHLQVWUXLUH
2.

Validitatea de construct H[SULP DFXUDWH HD FX FDUH WHVWXO PVRDU XQ

DQXPLWFRQVWUXFWVSHFLILFDWGHH[HPSOXLQWHOLJHQ DFUHDWLYLWDWHDVXFFHVXO
FRODU HWF 'H DVHPHQHD DFHVW WLS GH YDOLGLWDWH YL]HD] FRQFRUGDQ D
GLQWUH QDWXUD LWHPLORU L RELHFWLYHOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH FRQ LQXWXULORU VXSXVH
HYDOXULLGHFLUDSRUWXOLWHPQLYHOXOvQY ULL

3. VDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW IDFH UHIHULUH OD FRQFRUGDQ D GLQWUH UH]XOWDWHOH

RE LQXWHGHXQHOHYODXQWHVWLXQHOHFULWHULLGHFRPSRUWDPHQWVLPLODUHQ
FRQVHFLQ  YDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW UHIOHFW PVXUD vQ FDUH VFRUXULOH
vQUHJLVWUDWH OD XQ WHVW UHOD LRQHD] FX DOWH PVXUUL UHDOL]DWH DVXSUD
DFHORUDLDELOLW L
4. 9DOLGLWDWHD SUHGLFWLY YL]HD] PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO SRDWH IDFH SURJQR]D
SHUIRUPDQ HORU YLLWRDUH DOH HOHYXOXL 5H]XOWDWHOH SUH]HQWH DOH WHVWXOXL VXQW
XWLOL]DWH SHQWUX D DWLQJH DFHVW VFRS $FHVW WLS GH YDOLGLWDWH YL]HD]
19

HVWLPDUHDGHWHUPLQDUHDFRUHOD LHLGLQWUHSHUIRUPDQ DvQUHJLVWUDWODXQWHVW

FDUHDIRVWDGPLQLVWUDWLSHUIRUPDQ DODWHVWHFDUHXUPHD]DILVXV LQXWH
ODDFHHDLGLVFLSOLQGHVWXGLXVDXDVXSUDDFHOHLDLH[WHQVLLFXUULFXODUH
5. 9DOLGLWDWHD GH ID DG )DFH 9DOLGLW\ H[SULP PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO HVWH
UHOHYDQWLLPSRUWDQWSHQWUXFHLFDUHVXQWWHVWD L'HH[HPSOXXQWHVWFDUH
HYDOXHD] FRQ LQXWXUL GH GLPHQVLXQL GLIHULWH VDX FRQVLGHUDWH D IL GH
LPSRUWDQ GLIHULWWUHEXLHVH[SULPHDFHVWIDSWSULQWURSRQGHUHGLIHULWD
LWHPLORUSHXQLW LGHFRQ LQXWVSHFLILFH
Printre factoriiFDUHLQIOXHQ HD]YDOLGLWDWHDXQXLWHVWVHLQFOXG
- LQGLFD LLQHFODUH
- nivelul de dificultate inadecvat al itemilor de test;
- LWHPLLQFRUHF LGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQLF
- test prea scurt;
- DGPLQLVWUDUHDLVDXFRUHFWDUHDQHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDWHVWXOXL
- LJQRUDUHD YDULDELOHL GHVHPQDWH SULQ FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH JUXSXOXL FUXLD L VH
DGPLQLVWUHD]WHVWXO
FidelitateaUHSUH]LQWcalitatea unui test de a produce rezultate constante n
XUPD DSOLFULL VDOH UHSHWDWH. Un test caracterizat printr-un grad ridicat de fidelitate,
DSOLFDW vQ FRQGL LL LGHQWLFH DFHOXLDL JUXS GH HOHYL GDU vQ GLIHULWH RFD]LL WUHEXLH V
FRQGXFODRE LQHUHDDFHORUDLUH]XOWDWHVDXFXGLIHUHQ HPLQLPH
)LGHOLWDWHD XQXL WHVW DUH OHJWXU GLUHFW FX PRGXO vQ FDUH VH DVLJXU
FRQVLVWHQ DPVXUULLGLQSHUVSHFWLYDXQHLFRQVLVWHQ HSHVWHWLPSGHODSHUVRDQOD
RDOWSHUVRDQGLQWUXQORFvQDOWXO
3HQWUXHVWLPDUHDILGHOLW LLXQXLWHVWVHIRORVHVFXUPWRDUHOHmetode:
a) metoda test-retestFDUHYL]HD]VWDELOLWDWHDWHVWXOXLUHVSHFWLYDFHVWDILLQG
DSOLFDWGHGRXRULDFHOXLDLJUXSVDXODGRXJUXSXULGLIHULWHGHHOHYLGDU
FX DFHOHDL DELOLW L OD XQ LQWHUYDO GH WLPS YDULLQG vQWUH FkWHYD PLQXWH L
Fk LYDDQL
b) metoda formelor echivalenteFHHYLGHQ LD]HFKLYDOHQ DWHVWXOXLUHVSHFWLY
SULQ DGPLQLVWUDUHD OD XQ LQWHUYDO GH WLPS VFXUW D GRX IRUPH GH WHVW
HFKLYDOHQWHDFHOXLDLJUXSGHHOHYL&HOHGRXIRUPHGHWHVWWUHEXLHVILH
SDUDOHOHDGLFVFRQ LQDFHODLQXPUGHLWHPLDUDQMD LvQDFHODLIRUPDW
GHWHVWVDFRSHUHDFHODLFRQ LQXWVDLEXQQLYHOGHGLILFXOWDWHVLPLODU
LLQVWUXF LXQLGHDGPLQLVWUDUHVLPLODUH
c) metoda test-retest cu forme echivalente UHIOHFW DWkW VWDELOLWDWHD FkW L
HFKLYDOHQ D WHVWXOXL vQ FDX] 6H DGPLQLVWUHD] DFHOXLDL JUXS GH HOHYL
GRXIRUPHDOHDFHOXLDLWHVWODXQLQWHUYDOGHWLPSVFXUW
d) PHWRGD vQMXPW LULL HVWH FHD FDUH SXQH vQ YDORDUH FRQVLVWHQ D LQWHUQ D
WHVWXOXL $FHVWD VH DSOLF R VLQJXU GDW GXS FH vQ SUHDODELO D IRVW
20

vPSU LW vQ GRX MXPW L HFKLYDOHQWH GH H[HPSOX LWHPL SDUL L LWHPL
impari).
Printre factoriiFDUHLQIOXHQ HD]ILGHOLWDWHDPHQ LRQP
- lungimea testului &X FkW WHVWXO HVWH PDL OXQJ FX DWkW FUHWH ILGHOLWDWHD
sa.
- dispersia scorurilor&XFkWvPSUWLHUHDVFRUXULORUHVWHPDLPDUHFXDWkW
testul este mai fidel.
- RS LXQHD DVXSUD WLSXOXL GH LWHP L FRUHFWLWXGLQHD WHKQLF FX FDUH LWHPLL
UHVSHFWLYLVXQWFRQVWUXL L. Testul format majoritar din itemi obiectivi are o
ILGHOLWDWHFUHVFXW
- modul n care testul a fost administrat (timpul suficient alocat,
LQVWUXF LXQLOH GH WHVW IXUQL]DWH FRQGL LLOH DVLJXUDWH VSD LX WHPSHUDWXUD
lumina, zgomotul etc.).
- schema de notare 2 VFKHP GH QRWDUH FODU L ELQH VWUXFWXUDW FUHWH
fidelitatea testului.
5HOD LDGLQWUHYDOLGLWDWHLILGHOLWDWH
)LGHOLWDWHDHVWHRFRQGL LHQHFHVDUGDUQXLVXILFLHQWSHQWUXYDOLGLWDWH
8QWHVWSRDWHILILGHOIUDILYDOLGGHRDUHFHWHVWXOSRDWHPVXUDDOWFHYDGHFkWL
DSURSXVVPVRDUH
'DFXQWHVWQXHVWHILGHOHOQXHVWHQLFLYDOLG
QvQFHUFDUHDGHDvPEXQW LILGHOLWDWHDHVWHLPSRUWDQWVQHDVLJXUPFDFHVW
GHPHUVQXDIHFWHD]YDOLGLWDWHDWHVWXOXLUHVSHFWLY
QVLWXD LDvQFDUHH[LVWXQFRQIOLFWvQWUHYDOLGLWDWHLILGHOLWDWHDVLJXUDUHDYDOLGLW LL
HVWHFHDFDUHWUHEXLHVDLESULRULWDWH
Obiectivitatea UHSUH]LQW JUDGXO GH FRQFRUGDQ  vQWUH DSUHFLHULOH IFXWH GH
HYDOXDWRUL LQGHSHQGHQ L vQ FHHD FH SULYHWH XQ UVSXQV EXQ SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH
itemii unui test7HVWHOHVWDQGDUGL]DWHDXRIRDUWHEXQRELHFWLYLWDWH
Aplicabilitatea VDX YDOLGLWDWHD GH DSOLFDUH GHVHPQHD] calitatea unui test
GH D IL DGPLQLVWUDW L LQWHUSUHWDW FX XXULQ . Printre criteriile vQ IXQF LH GH FDUH VH
DSUHFLD] EXQD DSOLFDELOLWDWH D XQXL WHVW VH vQVFULX $XVXEHO VL 5RELQVRQ  S
687):
- LPSRUWDQ DFRQ LQXWXOXLSHFDUHWHVWXOvOPVRDU
- FRQFRUGDQ D GLQWUH IRUPD L FRQ LQXWXO WHVWXOXL L QLYHOXO GH YkUVW DO
elevului testat;
- FRVWXOLWLPSXOQHFHVDUHSHQWUXDGPLQLVWUDUHDWHVWXOXL
- RELHFWLYLWDWHDvQQRWDUHLLQWHUSUHWDUHDUH]XOWDWHORU

21

1.5. Tipuri de itemi

3HQWUX R vQ HOHJHUH PDL EXQ D DFHVWHL SUREOHPDWLFL YRP RSHUD FX
XUPWRDUHDGHILQL LHGHOXFUXDitemului:
,WHP vQWUHEDUH!IRUPDWXODFHVWHLD!UVSXQVXODWHSWDW!
7HRULDLSUDFWLFDHYDOXULLHYLGHQ LD]PDLPXOWHFLWHULLSHED]DFURUDSRWIL
FODVLILFD LLWHPLL8QXOGLQWUHFULWHULLOHFHOPDLGHVXWLOL]DWH HVWH DFHOD DO gradului de
obiectivitate oferit n corectareQIXQF LHGHDFHVWFULWHULXLWHPLLSRWILFODVLILFD LvQ
trei mari categorii:
a) itemi obiectivi
b) itemi semiobiectivi
c) LWHPLVXELHFWLYLFXUVSXQVGHVFKLV
Itemii obiectivi WHVWHD] XQ QXPU PDUH GH HOHPHQWH GH FRQ LQXW vQWUXQ
LQWHUYDOGHWLPSUHODWLYVFXUWDVLJXUkQGXQJUDGGHRELHFWLYLWDWHULGLFDWvQPVXUDUHD
UH]XOWDWHORUFRODUH
Itemii semiobiectivi SRW DFRSHUL R JDP YDULDW GH FDSDFLW L LQWHOHFWXDOH
FDUH VH GRUHVF D IL WHVWDWH RIHULQG vQ DFHODL WLPS SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D XWLOL]D L
materiale auxiliare utile elevilor n rezolvarea sarcinilor de lucru propuse.
,WHPLL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV VXQW UHODWLY XRU GH FRQVWUXLW
SULQFLSDOD SUREOHP FRQVWLWXLQGR PRGXO GH HODERUDUH D VFKHPHL GH QRWDUH D
DFHVWRUDFXDWkWPDLPXOWFXFkW DFHDVW FDWHJRULH GH LWHPL YL]HD] GHPRQVWUDUHD
GHFWUHHOHYLvQUVSXQVDRULJLQDOLW LLLFUHDWLYLW LLORU
7LSXULOH GH LWHPL FDUH VH LQFOXG vQ ILHFDUH GLQWUH FDWHJRULLOH PHQ LRQDWH
DQWHULRUYRUILGHVFULVHGHWDOLDWvQFDSLWROHOHXUPWRDUHDOHJKLGXOXL

22

CAPITOLUL II. ITEMI OBIECTIVI

,WHPLLRELHFWLYLVXQWFHLFDUHUHDOL]HD]RVWUXFWXUDUHDVDUFLQLORUSURSXVHHOHYLORU
vQFRQFRUGDQ FXRELHFWLYHOHWHVWXOXLGLQFDUHIDFSDUWHQFDWHJRULDLWHPLORURELHFWLYL
VXQW LQFOXL LWHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO, itemi de tip pereche L itemi cu alegere
PXOWLSO.
&RQVWUXLUHD XQRU LWHPL GH R FDOLWDWH VXSHULRDU FRUHF L GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH
WHKQLF L DGHFYD L RELHFWLYHORU SUHFRQL]DWH HVWH R DGHYUDW DUW (OHPHQWHOH
VSHFLILFHDOHDFHVWHLDUWHDXXQIXQGDPHQWWHRUHWLFFHVHED]HD]vQSULPXOUkQGSH
FXQRDWHUHDSULQFLSLLORULWHKQLFLORUGHSURLHFWDUHDDFHVWRULWHPL
7UVWXUD SULQFLSDO D LWHPLORU RELHFWLYL R FRQVWLWXLH DD FXP VXJHUHD]
GHQXPLUHD ORU RELHFWLYLWDWHD ULGLFDW vQ PVXUDUHDHYDOXDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU vQY ULL
FKLDUGDFDFHVWHDVHVLWXHD]GHRELFHL vQ ]RQD LQIHULRDU DGRPHQLXOXL FRJQLWLY
3HQWUX DFHDVW FDWHJRULH GH LWHPL QX HVWH QHFHVDU R VFKHP GH QRWDUH GHWDOLDW
SXQFWDMXO FRUHVSXQ]WRU DFRUGkQGXVH VDX QX vQ IXQF LH GH PDUFDUHD UVSXQVXOXL
FRUHFWODLWHP,WHPLLRELHFWLYLSRWILIRORVL LSHQWUXRULFHGLVFLSOLQvQIXQF LHGHVFRSXO
WHVWXOXLRELHFWLYHOHLFRQ LQXWXULOHPVXUDWHFHHDFHOHRIHUXQDYDQWDMGHRVHELW
DVXSUDFHORUODO LLWHPL$6WRLFDFRRUGSLXUPWRDUHOH

,7(0,&8$/(*(5('8$/

A.

IWHPLLFXDOHJHUHGXDORIHUSRVLELOLWDWHDHOHYLORUVDOHDJUVSXQVXOFRUHFWGLQ
GRX DOWHUQDWLYH DGHYUDWIDOV GDQX IDSWRSLQLH $FHVW WLS GH LWHPL SRDWH IL IRORVLW
(Carey, 1994, p.124):

VWHVWH]HvQVXLUHDXQRUFXQRWLQ H

V GHWHUPLQH GDF HOHYLL SRW XWLOL]D R GHILQL LH vQ FODVLILFDUHD XQRU H[HPSOH
corecte sau incorecte referitoare la un concept;

VGHWHUPLQHGDFHOHYLLSRWDSUHFLDFRUHFWLWXGLQHDXQXLIDSWSUH]HQWDW

V DSUHFLH]H FRUHFWLWXGLQHD XQRU HQXQ XUL FDUH H[SULP UHOD LL GH WLS FDX]
efect.

Avantaje (A. Stoica , 1996)

WHVWHD] vQWUXQ LQWHUYDO GH WLPS UHGXV XQ YROXP PDUH GH UH]XOWDWH DOH
vQY ULL
se construiesc relativ simplu;
VXQWXRUGHFXDQWLILFDW

23

Limite (Stoica, 1996)

WLSXO GH UH]XOWDWH DOH vQY ULL FH SRW IL PVXUDWH VH SODVHD] OD QLYHOXULOH
FRJQLWLYHLQIHULRDUHSULQFLSDODH[FHS LHFRQVWvQLGHQWLILFDUHDUHOD LHLFDX]
HIHFWLGLVFULPLQDUHDGLQWUHHQXQ XULIDFWXDOHLHQXQ XULGHRSLQLH
VXQW YXOQHUDELOL ID  GH UVSXQVXULOH IXUQL]DWH OD vQWkPSODUH JKLFLWH
LGHQWLILFDUHD XQXL HQXQ  FD ILLQG LQFRUHFW QHDGHYUDW QX LPSOLF vQ PRG
QHFHVDU FXQRDWHUHD GH FWUH HOHY D DOWHUQDWLYHL DGHYUDWH HOLPLQDUHD
acestui inconvenient se poate realiza prin realizarea unei variante a itemilor
FXUVSXQVGXDOQXPLWHPRGLILFDUHDYDULDQWHLIDOVH
Exemplu:
&LWL L FX DWHQ LH HQXQ XULOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DSUHFLD L F XQ HQXQ  HVWH DGHYUDW
vQFHUFXL LOLWHUD$LDUGDFHVWHIDOVvQFHUFXL LOLWHUD)
A
)5HIRUPDUHOLJLRDVDvQFHSXWvQVHFROXODO;9,,OHDvQ)UDQ D
A
)3ULPXOU]ERLPRQGLDOVDGHVIXUDWvQWUHDQLL
A
F n cadrul regimului politic liberal german, Parlamentul numit, elabora legile
LFRQWURODDFWLYLWDWHDJXYHUQXOXL
A
)3ODQXO0DUVKDOOSURSXQHDWXWXURU ULORUGLQ(XURSDVSULMLQHFRQRPLF
 5HVFULH L HQXQ XULOH DSUHFLDWH FD IDOVH vQORFXLQG FHHD FH HVWH LQFRUHFW FX
LQIRUPD LDFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULF
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH:
1.
&kWHSXQFWSHQWUXUVSXQVXULOHD)E$F)G$

4 puncte

&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHHQXQ FRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFSXQFWH

5HFRPDQGULSULYLQGSURLHFWDUHDDFHVWRULWHPL( Stoica, 1996)

(QXQ XOIRUPXODWWUHEXLHVQXFRQ LQDPELJXLW LVDXDVSHFWHLUHOHYDQWH
7UHEXLHHYLWDWH HQXQ XULOH IRDUWH JHQHUDOH DWXQFL FkQG VH VROLFLW DSUHFLHUHD
ORUFDDGHYUDWHVDXIDOVH
6H YD HYLWD XWLOL]DUHD HQXQ XULORU QHJDWLYH L vQ VSHFLDO IRORVLUHD GXEOHL
QHJD LL
6HYRUHYLWDHQXQ XULOHSUHDOXQJLLFRPSOH[H
6HYDHYLWDLQWURGXFHUHDDGRXLGHLGLVWLQFWHvQWUXQVLQJXUHQXQ 
(QXQ XULOHDGHYUDWHLFHOHIDOVHYRUILDSUR[LPDWLYHJDOHFDOXQJLPH.

24

EXEMPLE
Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHFXQRDVFGHILQL LLLSULQFLSLL
(QXQ 

&LWL L FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DSUHFLD L F DILUPD LD HVWH
DGHYUDW vQFHUFXL L OLWHUD A 'DF DSUHFLD L F HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXL L OLWHUD
F.
Clasa a V-a

1. $VRFLD LLOH SURIHVLRQDOH DOH PHWHXJDULORU GLQ RUDHOH

medievale se numeau ghilde.
A
F
2. /RFXLWRULL XQXL RUD PHGLHYDO RFFLGHQWDO LDU PDL WkU]LX
RUHQLLvQVWUL LVHQXPHDXEXUJKH]L
A
F
3. 3PkQWXO GUXLW GH UHJH VDX GH QRELO VH QXPHD ORW vQ
IRORVLQ 
A
F
Clasa a VII-a
(QXQ 

&LWL L FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DSUHFLD L F DILUPD LD HVWH
DGHYUDW vQFHUFXL L OLWHUD A 'DF DSUHFLD L F HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXL L OLWHUD
F.
4. 3ULQFLSLXO VHSDUULL SXWHULORU vQ VWDW HVWH R FDUDFWHULVWLF D
regimurilor politice medievale.
A
F
5. 6WDWXTXRXO WHULWRULDO UHSUH]LQW R QRUP D GUHSWXOXL
LQWHUQD LRQDOFHH[SULPVLWXD LDH[LVWHQW
A
F

Clasa a VIII-a

(QXQ 

CiWL L FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DSUHFLD L F DILUPD LD HVWH
DGHYUDW vQFHUFXL L OLWHUD A 'DF DSUHFLD L F HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXL L OLWHUD
F.
6. 'LSORPD FDYDOHULORU LRDQL L HPLV vQ  DWHVW H[LVWHQ D
XQRUIRUPD LXQLSROLWLFHvQVXGXO&DUSD LORU
A
F

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
1 - F; 2 - A; 3 F; 4 F; 5 A; 6 A.
3HQWUX vQFHUFXLUHD OLWHUHL FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW VH DFRUG SXQFWDMXO
stabilit.
25

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOV GLIHUHQ LH]HIDSWHOHLVWRULFHGHRSLQLL

(QXQ 

&LWL LFXDWHQ LHDILUPD LLOHGHPDLMRV'DFDILUPD LDUHSUH]LQWXQIDSWUHDO

vQFHUFXL LFLDUGDFUHSUH]LQWRRSLQLHvQFHUFXL LO.
Clasa a VI-a
1. )UHGHULF DO ,,OHD DO 3UXVLHL HVWH FHO PDL GH VHDP PRQDUK
luminat.
F
O
2. )UHGHULF DO ,,OHD D vQYLQV $XVWULD vQ U]ERLXO GH VXFFHVLXQH
(1740-1748).
F
O
3. La curtea de la Berlin a lui Frederic al II-lea a fost invitat
iluministul francez Voltaire.
F
O

Clasa a VII-a
(QXQ 
&LWL L FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DILUPD LD UHSUH]LQW XQ IDSW
UHDOvQFHUFXL L)LDUGDFUHSUH]LQWRRSLQLHvQFHUFXL L O.
4. &RQJUHVXO GH OD 9LHQD VWDELOHWH R QRX KDUW SROLWLF L
WHULWRULDOD(XURSHL
F
O
5. QFDGUXO&RQJUHVXOXLGHOD9LHQD$QJOLDMRDFUROXOFHOPDL
important.
F
O
6. &RQJUHVXOGHOD9LHQDDVLJXUUHYHQLUHDODUHJLPXULOHSROLWLFH
anterioare anului 1792.
F
O
Clasa a VIII-a
(QXQ 
&LWL L FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DILUPD LD UHSUH]LQW XQ IDSW
UHDOvQFHUFXL L)LDUGDFUHSUH]LQWRRSLQLHvQFHUFXL L2.
7. Unirea Principatelor Romne s-a realizat prin alegerea lui
$O, &X]D FD GRPQ DWkW vQ 0ROGRYD FkW L vQ ara
5RPkQHDVF
F
O
8. Unirea Principatelor din 1859 este cel mai important pas n
FRQVWUXLUHDVWDWXOXLQD LRQDOURPkQ
F
O
9. 8QLUHD 3ULQFLSDWHORU GLQ  GHPRQVWUHD] LQJHQLR]LWDWHD
SROLWLFDURPkQLORU
F
O
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
1 - O; 2 - F; 3 - F; 4 - F; 5 - O; 6 - F; 7 - F; 8 - O; 9 - O.
3HQWUXvQFHUFXLUHDOLWHUHLFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFWVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXO
stabilit.

26

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVVWDELOHDVFUHOD LLGHWLSFDX]HIHFW

Clasa a VII-a
(QXQ 

Q ILHFDUH GLQWUH XUPWRDUHOH DILUPD LL DPEHOH SU L VXQW DGHYUDWH 'DF
SDUWHDDGRXDH[SOLFGHFHHVWHDGHYUDWSULPDSDUWHvQFHUFXL LDA, iar
vQFD]FRQWUDUvQFHUFXL LNU.
1. *HUPDQLD VH DOLD] FX $XVWUR8QJDULD vQ  ILLQGF DPEHOH
HUDXLQWHUHVDWHVLH[WLQGWHULWRULXO
DA NU
2. )UDQ D L %HOJLD RFXS ]RQD 5XKUXOXL  GHRDUHFH
*HUPDQLDQXSXWHDSOWLUHSDUD LLOHGHU]ERL
DA NU
3. Q  VD FRQVWLWXLW 2UJDQL]D LD 7UDWDWXOXL $WODQWLFXOXL GH
1RUGILLQGFVHGRUHDPHQ LQHUHDSFLLLVHFXULW LLDA NU

Clasa a VIII-a
(QXQ 
Q ILHFDUH GLQWUH XUPWRDUHOH DILUPD LL DPEHOH SU L VXQW DGHYUDWH
'DF SDUWHD D GRXD H[SOLF GH FH HVWH DGHYUDW SULPD SDUWH vQFHUFXL L '$ LDU vQ
FD]FRQWUDUvQFHUFXL L18
4. ,QGHSHQGHQ D ULL 5RPkQHWL ID  GH 5HJDWXO 0DJKLDU D
sporit deoarece Nicolae Alexandru a ntemeiat n 1359
0LWURSROLD2UWRGR[GHSHQGHQWGH%L]DQ 
DA NU
5. WHIDQFHO0DUHDFXFHULWFHWDWHD&KLOLDDIODWVXEVWSkQLUH
PDJKLDUILLQGFUHJHOHPDJKLDUDFRUGDVHD]LOOXL3HWUX$URQ
DA NU
6. 7XUFLL DX LQYDGDW 0ROGRYD vQ  GHRDUHFH WHIDQ FHO 0DUH
recunoscuse suzeranitatea Poloniei.
DA NU

Clasa a IX-a
(QXQ 
Q ILHFDUH GLQWUH XUPWRDUHOH DILUPD LL DPEHOH SU L VXQW DGHYUDWH
'DF SDUWHD D GRXD H[SOLF GH FH HVWH DGHYUDW SULPD SDUWH vQFHUFXL L '$ LDU vQ
FD]FRQWUDUvQFHUFXL L18
7. 'HPRFUD LDDWHQLDQVDGH]YROWDWvQXUPDVXEPLQULLDXWRULW LL
HXSDWUL]LORUUHDOL]DWSULQUHIRUPDFHQVLWDUDOXL6RORQ DA NU
8. Titlul de Augustus, primit de Octavian din partea Senatului,
VLPEROL]HD]OHJWXUDGLQWUHvPSUDWLSRSRUXOURPDQ DA NU

27

9. &DUDFWHUXO VLPEROLF DO DUWHL FUHWLQH UH]XOW L GLQ RULHQWDUHD

DEVLGHLRULFUHLELVHULFLVSUHUVULWFRQVLGHUDWL]YRUXOOXPLQLL
LDOPkQWXLULL
DA NU
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH:
1 - NU; 2 - DA; 3 - NU; 4 - DA; 5 - NU; 6 NU; 7 DA; 8 NU; 9 DA.

28

B. ITEMI DE TIP PERECHE

,WHPLL GH WLS SHUHFKH VROLFLW HOHYLORU VWDELOLUHD XQRU FRUHVSRQGHQ H vQWUH LQIRUPD LL
GLVWULEXLWHSHGRXFRORDQH,QIRUPD LLOHGLQSULPDFRORDQVHQXPHVFSUHPLVHVDXED]H
LDUFHOHGLQDGRXDFRORDQUHSUH]LQWUVSXQVXULOH
7HKQLFD SHUHFKLORU HVWH DGHFYDW PVXUULL UH]XOWDWHORU vQY ULL SULQ DVRFLHUH
SULQFXQRDWHUHDXQRUUHOD LLVLPSOHGHWLS
7HUPHQLGHILQL LL
Date/locuri - evenimente istorice
3HUVRQDOLW LSROLWLFHIDSWHGHVHDP
3HUVRQDOLW LFXOWXUDOHRSHUHGHUHIHULQ FXUHQWHDUWLVWLFH
Curente artistice/morale/filosofice/religii - caracteristici
QFRQGL LLOH H[LVWHQ HL XQXL PDWHULDO LOXVWUDWLY VH poate solicita elevilor asocierea
imaginilor cu autorul/stilul din care face parte etc.
Avantaje (Stoica, 1996)

SHUPLWHYDOXDUHDXQXLYROXPPDUHGHUH]XOWDWHDOHvQY ULLvQWUXQLQWHUYDO
GHWLPSUHGXVLXWLOL]DUHDHILFLHQWDWLPSXOXLGHQRWDUH
6XQWXRUGHFRQVWUXLWIDSWFHGXFHXQHRULODUHDOL]DUHDXQRULWHPLGHVODE
UHOHYDQ 
5VSXQGXQRUUHJXOLFHULQ HGHED]PLQLPDOHDOHvQY ULLLVWRULHL
Limite (Stoica, 1996)
3RW FRQGXFH OD PLQLPDOL]DUHD SURFHVXOXL LVWRULFUROXOXL SHUVRQDOLW LL
SROLWLFHFXOWXUDOH VDX VHPQLILFD LHL DFWLYLW LL DFHVWRUD ILLQGF QX DERUGHD]
UH]XOWDWHFRPSOH[HDOHvQY ULL
5HFRPDQGULSULYLQGFRQVWUXLUHDLWHPLORUSHUHFKH(Gronlund, op. cit., p. 173):
(VWHSUHIHUDELOFDQXPUXOSUHPLVHORULQXPUXOUVSXQVXULORUVILHGLIHULWH
LDUHOHYLORUVOLVHLQGLFHGDFILHFDUHUVSXQVSRDWHILIRORVLWRGDWVDXGH
mai multe ori.
(VWHGHGRULWFDOLVWHOHGHSUHPLVHLUVSXQVXULVQXILHSUHDOXQJLLDU
HOHPHQWHOHFHOHPDLVFXUWHVILHDPSODVDWHvQFRORDQDGLQVWkQJD
&RORDQDGLQGUHDSWDFRQ LQHHOHPHQWHPDLPXOWH
$UDQMDUHDUVSXQVXULORUvQWURRUGLQHORJLF
3UHPLVHOHLUVSXQVXULOHVHDIOSHDFHLDLSDJLQ

29

5HVSHFWDUHD DFHVWRU UHFRPDQGUL OLPLWHD] SRVLELOLWDWHD DSDUL LHL XQRU

DPELJXLW L VDX FRQIX]LL FDUH V UHGXF DQVHOH HOHYXOXL GH D UVSXQGH
corect.

EXEMPLE
Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF SHUVRQDOLW LOH SROLWLFH L IDSWHOH
istorice
(QXQ 

6FULH LvQVSD LXOSXQFWDWGLQID D ILHFUXL eveniment istoric din coloana A, litera

FRUHVSXQ]WRDUHSHUVRQDOLW LLSROLWLFHGLQFRORDQDB.
Clasa a V-a

.......

1. 9LFWRULDvQEWOLDGHOD$FWLXP

a. Caesar

......

2. 9LFWRULDvQEWOLDGHOD3KDUVRORV

b. Crassus

......

3. Victoria mpotriva sclavilor con- c. Marc Antoniu

GXLGH6SDUWDFXV
d. Octavian

..

4. Victoria de la Zama

e. Pompei
f. Scipio Africanul

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH 1 - d; 2 - a; 3 - b; 4 - f.
3HQWUXILHFDUHSHUHFKHFRUHFWVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLW
Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHFXQRDVFGDWHLHYHQLPHQWHLVWRULFH
(QXQ 

6FULH LvQVSD LXOSXQFWDWGLQID DILHFUXLHYHQLPHQWLVWRULFGLQFRORDQDA,

OLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDQXOXLGLQFRORDQDB.

.......
......

......

Clasa a VI-a
A
1. Proclamarea Primei Republicii Franceze

B
a. 1689
b. 1776
2. $GRSWDUHD'HFODUD LHLGH,QGHSHQGHQ D c. 1783
S.U.A.
3. $GRSWDUHD 'HFODUD LHL GUHSWXULORU RPXOXL d. 1787
LFHW HDQXOXL
4. $GRSWDUHD&RQVWLWX LHL68$
e. 1789
f. 1792

30

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH 1 - f; 2 - b; 3 - c; 4 - d; 5 - a.
3HQWUXILHFDUHSHUHFKHFRUHFWVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLW

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHFXQRDVFWHUPLQRORJLDLVWRULF

(QXQ 

6FULH L vQ VSD LXO SXQFWDW GLQ ID D GHILQL LLORU GLQ FRORDQD A, litera
FRUHVSXQ]toare termenului istoric respectiv din coloana B.
Clasa a V-a

.......

1. $ULVWRFUD LDvQ$WHQDDQWLF

a. spartani

......

2. 0HWHXJDULGLQMXUXO6SDUWHL

b. eupatrizi

...

3. 6WULQLDH]D LvQ6SDUWD

c. perieci

4. 6WULQLVWDELOL LvQ$WHQD

GKLOR L
e. meteci

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH 1 - b; 2 - c; 3 - d; 4 - e.
3HQWUXILHFDUHSHUHFKHFRUHFWVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLW
Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHFXQRDVFSHUVRQDOLW LLFUHD LLFXOWXUDOH
(QXQ 

6FULH L vQ VSD LXO SXQFWDW GLQ ID D ILHFUHL RSHUH OLWHUDUH GLQ FRORDQD A, litera
FRUHVSXQ]WRDUHQXPHOXLDXWRUXOXLVXGLQFRORDQDB.
Clasa a IX-a

.......

1. 0XQFLL]LOH

a. Aristofan

......

2. Oedip rege

b. Eschil

......

3. Cavalerii

c. Euripide

.......

4. 3URPHWHXvQOQ XLW

d. Hesiod
e. Sofocle
f. Homer

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH 1 - d; 2 - e; 3 - a; 4 - b.
Pentru fiecare pereche corHFWVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLW

31

&,7(0,&8$/(*(5(08/7,3/
QWUHLWHPLLRELHFWLYLFHLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSOUHSUH]LQWFHOPDLXWLOL]DWWLSDWkWvQ
FD]XOSUREHORUGHHYDOXDUHXWLOL]DWHODFODVFkWLvQWHVWHOHVWDQGDUGL]DWHXQGHGH LQ
deseori exclusivitatea.
,WHPLL FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO VXQW IRUPD L GLQWUXQ HQXQ  QXPLW SUHPLV VDX ED]
XUPDW GH XQ QXPU GH RS LXQL GLQ FDUH HOHYXO WUHEXLH V DOHDJ UVSXQVXO FRUHFW
QXPLWFKHLH5VSXQVXULOHJUHLWHVHQXPHVFGLVWUDFWRUL&DUH\S
3UHPLVDSRDWHILHODERUDWvQPDLPXOWHPRGXUL
a) 3URSR]L LHFRPSOHW
Exemplu: &DUH HVWH QXPHOH VXE FDUH HUDX FXQRVFX L UDQLL OLEHUL vQ 0ROGRYD
PHGLHYDO"
a. jeleri;

EPRQHQL

FU]HL

GPHJLHL

b) 3URSR]L LDLQFRPSOHW
Exemplu: Termenul cDUHGHQXPHWH UDQLLOLEHULvQ0ROGRYDPHGLHYDOHVWH
a. jeleri;
EPRQHQL
FU]HL
GPHJLHL
c) 3UHPLVFRPXQ
Exemplu:
QFHUFXL L OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH GHILQL LHL FRUHFWH D WHUPHQXOXL
U]H
a.
c.

UDQOLEHUvQ7UDQVLOYDQLD b. UDQOLEHUvQ Moldova;

UDQOLEHUvQDUD5RPkQHDVF

,WHPLLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSORSHUHD]FXGRXWLSXULGHUVSXQVXUL
a) $OHJHUHDUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFWQDFHVWFD]RVLQJXUDOWHUQDWLYHVWHFRUHFWvQUDSRUWFX
SUHPLVDFHOHODOWHILLQGJUHLWHH[HPSOHOHGDWHPDLVXV
b) $OHJHUHD FHOXL PDL EXQ UVSXQV Q DFHVW FD] ILHFDUH YDULDQW DUH XQ JUDG GH
DGHFYDUHFXSUHPLVDHOHYXOWUHEXLQGVVHOHF LRQH]HUVSXQVXOFHOPDLEXQSH
ED]DXQHLGLVFULPLQULFRPSOH[H
Exemplu: &DUH GLQWUH XUPWRULL IDFWRUL D FRQWULEXLt n mod decisiv la realizarea
Marii Uniri de la 1918?
a.
b.
c.
d.

SROLWLFDDELODUHJHOXL)HUGLQDQGLD*XYHUQXOXL5RPkQLHL
efortul militar al armatei romne n timpul campaniilor din 1916-1917;
GHVWUPDUHD,PSHULXOXL$XVWUR8QJDU
YRLQ D GH XQLUH D URPkQLORU H[SULPDW vQ FDGUXO XQRU DGXQUL
reprezentative.

32

Avantaje (Stoica, 1996):

Au o mare flexibilitate, fiindu-le accesibile toate nivelurile domeniului cognitiv.
$X FDSDFLWDWHD GH D HYDOXD VLWXD LL GH vQY DUH PDL FRPSOH[H vQ UDSRUW FX
WLSXULOH GH LWHPL RELHFWLYL SUH]HQWD L (URULOH FRPLVH GH FDQGLGD L SRW IXUQL]D
LQIRUPD LLXWLOHSURIHVRUXOXLSHUPL kQGSUHOXFUDUHDLLQWHUSUHWDUHDVWDWLVWLF
3RW PVXUD R JDP GLYHUV GH UH]XOWDWH GH vQY DUH FXP DU IL FXQRDWHUHD
WHUPLQRORJLLORU D XQRU GDWH L SULQFLSLL FDSDFLWDWHD GH D LQWHUSUHWD UHOD LL
FDX]HIHFWGHDDSOLFDFXQRWLQ HLSULQFLSLL
$XILGHOLWDWHFUHVFXW
Limite (Stoica, 1996):
1X SRW PVXUD FDSDFLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH DL RUJDQL]D L H[SULPD FRHUHQW
ideile.
(VWHGLILFLOFRQVWUXLUHDXQXLQXPUVXILFLHQWGHGLVWUDFWRULSODX]LELOLLSDUDOHOL

5HFRPDQGULSULYLQGFRQVWUXLUHDLWHPLORUFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSO(Bethell, 1998)
3UHPLVD WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ R SUREOHP ELQH GHILQLW VHPQLILFDWLY
independent de citirea alternativelor.
6HYDvQFHUFDLQFOXGHUHDXQXLQXPUFkWPDLPDUHGHLQIRUPD LLvQSUHPLV
eliminndu-se materialul irelevant.
7RDWH DOWHUQDWLYHOH YRU IL vQ FRQFRUGDQ  FX SUHPLVD DD vQFkW V HOLPLQH
HYHQWXDOHOHLQGLFLLFDUHDUIDFLOLWDUVSXQVXO
QWUHDOWHUQDWLYHYDILJXUDXQVLQJXUUVSXQVFRUHFWVDXFHOPDLEXQ
5VSXQVXULOHYRUILDPSODVDWHvQRUGLQHDOIDEHWLFFURQRORJLFVDXORJLFvQ
coloana alternativelor.
7R L GLVWUDFWRULL YRU IL SODX]LELOL (ILFDFLWDWHD GLVWUDFWRULORU HVWH UHOHYDW GH
SURFHQWDMXOGHDOHJHULSHFDUHODvQWUXQLWILHFDUHUVSXQV
a) 6LWXD LDLGHDO
'HVWHUVSXQVXOFRUHFW
b) 6LWXD LHGHFRUHFWDW

20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

A

3%

0%

35% 60% 2%

Doar alternativa C a fost eficaceFHOHODOWHQDXDYXWQLFLRLQIOXHQ 

33

EXEMPLE
Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHFXQRDVFGDWHLIDSWHLVWRULFH
(QXQ 

QFHUFXL LOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFW
Clasa a VII-a
&DUHGLQXUPWRDUHOHWUDWDWHDUHVWLWXLW'REURJHD5RPkQLHL"
D&RQYHQ LDGHOD%DOWD/LPDQ
b. Tratatul de la Paris (1856)
F&RQYHQ LDGHOD3DULV
d. Tratatul de la Berlin (1878).

Barem de FRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOG

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHFXQRDVFWUVWXULOHXQRUIDSWHLVWRULFH
(QXQ 

QFHUFXL LOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFW
Clasa a XI-a
Care curent cultural din secolul al XIX-lea pune accent pe exprimarea
OLEHUDHPR LLORULVHQWLPHQWHORURPHQHWL"
a. Impresionismul
b. Realismul
c. Romantismul
d. Simbolismul.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH se DFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOF

Clasa a XII-a
(QXQ 

QFHUFXL LOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFW
&DUHSDUWLGDVXV LQXWGRFWULQDSULQQRLvQLQHvQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF
a. Partidul Comunist
E3DUWLGXO1D LRQDO/iberal
F3DUWLGXO1D LRQDOUQHVF
d. Partidul Poporului.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOE

34

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVVWDELOHDVFUHOD LLGHWLSFDX]HIHFW

(QXQ 

QFHUFXL LOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFW
Clasa a VIII-a
&DUH D IRVW FDX]D VHPQULL GH FWUH 5RPkQLD D SFLL GH OD %XIWHD 
%XFXUHWL"
a. QIUkQJHUHDDUPDWHLURPkQHGHFWUHDUPDWHOH3XWHULORU&HQWUDOH
E,QWUDUHD%XOJDULHLvQU]ERLvPSRWULYD5RPkQLHL
c. 1HPXO XPLUHD VRFLDO FDX]DW GH OLSVXULOH L VXIHULQ HOH SURYRFDWH GH
refugiul n Moldova
d. ,]RODUHD PLOLWDU D 5RPkQLHL GXS vQFKHLHUHD SFLL GLQWUH 5XVLD L
Puterile Centrale.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOG

Clasa a X-a
(QXQ 

QFHUFXL LOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFW
2 FRQVHFLQ  D FRQVWLWXLULL JUXSULORU ZKLJL L WRU\ vQ $QJOLD vQ VHFROXO DO
XVIII-lea, a fost:
a. adoptarea legii Habeas corpus act
b. dizolvarea Parlamentului
c. instituirea alternativei guvernamentale
GVFKLPEDUHDGLQDVWLFGLQ

Barem de corectare LQRWDUHSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOF

Clasa a XI-a
(QXQ 

QFHUFXL LOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFW
2FDX]D5]ERLXOXL5HFHGHFODQDWvQDIRVW
a. creareD2UJDQL]D LHL1D LXQLORU8QLWH
EFUHDUHD2UJDQL]D LHL$WODQWLFXOXLGH1RUG
c. refuzul U.R.S.S. de a participa la Planul Marshall
d. YL]LXQLOHGLIHULWHDOH68$LDOH8566

Barem GHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOG

35

Clasa a XII-a
(QXQ 

QFHUFXL LOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFW
'HFHDXLQWURGXVFRPLVLLOHERLHUHWLSULQFLSLXOVHSDUULLSXWHULORUvQVWDWvQ
Regulamentele Organice?
a. DXIRVWLQIOXHQ D LGH'HFODUD LD'UHSWXULORU2PXOXLL&HW HDQXlui
EGRUHDXVLVSRUHDVFSDUWLFLSDUHDODYLD DSROLWLF
FGRUHDXVDWUDJQRLHOHPHQWHLQWHUHVDWHvQPRGHUQL]DUHDVRFLHW LL
d. ILQDOL]DXSURLHFWHOHGHUHIRUPHODERUDWHDQWHULRU

Barem GHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOE

36

CAPITOLUL III. ITEMI SEMIOBIECTIVI

$FHVWWLSGHLWHPLSRDWHWHVWDRJDPPDLODUJGHFDSDFLW LLQWHOHFWXDOHHOHYXOILLQG
SXVvQVLWXD LDGHDFRQVWUXLUVSXQVXOLQXGHDODOHJHGLQWUROLVWGHRS LXQLGDWH
'DWRULW JUDGXOXLPDL PDUH GH LPSOLFDUH D HOHYXOXL vQ HODERUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL LWHPLL
VHPLRELHFWLYLSRWILXWLOL]D LLvQVFRSGLDJQRVWLF
,WHPLLVHPLRELHFWLYLVXQWXRUGHFRQVWUXLWLQXQHFHVLWHODERUDUHDXQRUVFKHPH
GHQRWDUHGHWDOLDWHQDFHDVWFDWHJRULHGHLWHPLVXQWLQFOXLLWHPLLFXUVSXQVVFXUW
LvQWUHEULOHVWUXFWXUDWH

A. ,7(0,&85638166&857'(&203/(7$5(

'XSFXPOHVXJHUHD]GHQXPLUHDHLSUHVXSXQIRUPXODUHDXQXLUVSXQVVFXUW
vQ WRWDOLWDWHD OXL VDX R SDUWH FRPSRQHQW D XQHL DILUPD LL DVWIHO vQFkW DFHVWD V
FDSHWHVHQVLYDORDUHGHDGHYU
5VSXQVXO HOHYXOXL HVWH OLPLWDW FD VSD LX IRUP L FRQ LQXW GH VWUXFWXUD
vQWUHEULL(OFRQ LQHXQXOVDXGRXFXYLQWHPDLUDUSURSR]L LLFDUHVVHvQFDGUH]H
n contextul/suportul oferit. (Carey, 1988)
Pentru a oferi UVSXQVXO FRUHFW HOHYXO WUHEXLH V GHPRQVWUH]H QX QXPDL
FXQRDWHUHDGDULDELOLWDWHDGHDVWUXFWXUDHODERUDFHOPDLSRWULYLWLVFXUWUVSXQV
'LIHUHQ DGHIRUPDFHULQ HLHVWHDFHHDFvQSULPXOFD]VHIRORVHWHRvQWUHEDUH
GLUHFWLDUvQDOGRLOHDRDILUPD LHLQFRPSOHW
Avantaje (Stoica, 1996):
6XQW XWLOL vQ HYDOXDUHD FXQRWLQ HORU L PVRDU PDL PXOW GHFkW VLPSOD
UHFXQRDWHUHLPHPRUDUH
3HUPLWHYDOXDUHDXQXLQXPUPDLPDUHGHFRQFHSWHSULFHSHULLFDSDFLW L
6ROLFLWXQDQXPLWJUDGGHFRHUHQ vQUHDOL]DUHDUVSXQVXOXL
6HFRQVWUXLHVFUHODWLYXRULDUVFKHPDGHQRWDUHQXHVWHODERULRDV.

37

Limite (Stoica, 1996):

1X VXQW DGHFYD L SHQWUX PVXUDUHD FDSDFLW LORU LQWHOHFWXDOH VXSHULRDUH
(rezolvarea de probleme, analiza, sinteza).
5VSXQVXO IRDUWH VFXUW VROLFLWDW SRDWH LQKLED XQHRUL GH]YROWDUHD DELOLW LORU
complexe.
(VWHQHFHVDUXQQXPUPDLPDUHGHLWHPLSHQWUXHYDOXDUHDILHFUHL]RQHGH
FRQ LQXW
5HFRPDQGULSULYLQGFRQVWUXLUHDLWHPLORUFXUVSXQVVFXUW(Stoica, 1996):
6SD LXO OLEHU IXUQL]DW V VXJHUH]H GDF UVSXQVXO YD FRQ LQH XQ FXYkQW VDX
PDL PXOWH 'DF WUHEXLH VFULVH PDL PXOWH FXYLQWH DWXQFL VSD LLOH OLEHUH YRU
DYHD DFHHDL OXQJLPH SHQWUX D QX RIHUL HOHYLORU LQGLFLL SULYLQG UVSXQVXO
corect.
1XHVWHLQGLFDWIRORVLUHDXQXLWH[WH[LVWHQWvQPDQXDO&RQVHFLQ DGLUHFWDU
ILvQFXUDMDUHDPHPRUULLLDVWIHOVHWHVWHD]FDSDFLW LGLIHULWHGHFHOHGRULWH
(de exemplu: reproducerea) .
,WHPXO YD IL IRUPXODW DVWIHO vQFkW V ILH VFXUW L ELQH GHILQLW 'LILFXOWDWHD
SURLHFWULLFRQVWvQIDSWXOFLWHPXOWUHEXLHVDLEXQVLQJXUUVSXQVFRUHFW
FRUHVSXQ]WRUVSD LXOXLSXQFWDW

Exemple

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVGHILQHDVFUHFXQRDVFQR LXQLLVWRULFH

Clasa a X-a
(QXQ 

&RPSOHWD LVSD LXOSXQFWDWFXLQIRUPD LDFRUHFW

Readucerea la conducHUHDXQXLVWDWDXQHLGLQDVWLLvQOWXUDWHGHODSXWHUH
VHQXPHWH...............................................

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOUHVWDXUD LH
Clasa a XI-a
(QXQ 

&RPSOHWD LVSD LXOSXQFWDWFXLQIRUPD LDFRUHFW.

3ROLWLFDGHSURWHF LHVRFLDOLGHUHFRPSHQVDUHDVDODULD LORUDGRSWDWGH
SDWURQL XQHRUL GH VWDW vQ YHGHUHD FUHWHULL ILGHOLW LL PXQFLWRULORU ID  GH
LQWHUHVHOHILUPHLvQFDUHOXFUHD]VHQXPHWH

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH SXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOSDWHUQDOLVP

38

Clasa a XII-a
(QXQ 

&RPSOHWD LVSD LXOSXQFWDWFXLQIRUPD LDFRUHFW

$FRUGXOvQWUHGRXVWDWHVDXSU LDIODWHvQFRQIOLFWSULQFDUHVHVWDELOHWH
vQFHWDUHDWHPSRUDUDRVWLOLW LORUPLOLWDUHVHQXPHWH

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH SXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXODUPLVWL LX

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVSODVH]HvQWLPSLVSD LXHYHQLPHQWHOHLVWRULFH
(QXQ 

&RPSOHWD LVSD LXOSXQFWDWFXLQIRUPD LDFRUHFW

Clasa a VI-a

'HFODUD LD GH LQGHSHQGHQ  D FHORU  FRORQLL HQJOH]H GLQ $PHULFD GH
1RUGDIRVWDGRSWDWGH&RQJUHVODGDWDGH
]LOXQDQ
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH VHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXOLXOLH
1XVHSXQFWHD]PHQ LRQDUHDRULFUXLHOHPHQWDOGDWHLVHSDUDW

Clasa a VII-a
(QXQ 

&RPSOHWD LVSD LXOSXQFWDWFXLQIRUPD LDFRUHFW

$O GRLOHD U]ERL PRQGLDO D vQFHSXW SULQ LQYDGDUHD   GH

FWUH
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXO3RORQLD
Germania.

Clasa a VIII-a
(QXQ 

&RPSOHWD LVSD LXOSXQFWDWFXLQIRUPD LDFRUHFW

WHIDQFHO0DUHDGRPQLWvQWUHDQLLL
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH SXQFWDMXO VWDELOLW SHQWUX UVSXQVXO  
0HQ LRQDUHDFRUHFWDXQXLVLQJXUDQQXVHSXQFWHD]

39

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVVWDELOHDVFUHSHUHFURQRORJLFH
(QXQ 

&RPSOHWD LVSD LXOSXQFWDWFXLQIRUPD LDFRUHFW

Clasa a V-a

Mileniul III ncepe n anul .....................

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHVHDFRUGSXQFWDMXOVWDELOLWSHQWUXUVSXQVXO
6HFROXODO,9OHDv+UHVWHFXSULQVvQWUHDQLLL
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH VH DFRUG SXQFWDMXO VWDELOLW SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 
1XVHSXQFWHD]PHQ LRQDUHDXQXLVLQJXUDQ
6HFROXO9HVWHFXSULQVvQWUHDQLLL
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH VH DFRUG SXQFWDMXO VWDELOLW SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 
1XVHSXQFWHD]PHQ LRQDUHDXQXLVLQJXUDQ
Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVDSOLFHFXQRWLQ HOHGREkQGLWH

Clasa a X-a
(QXQ 

3H ED]D VFKHPHL GRPHQLXOXL IHXGDO VFULH L GHQXPLUHD ILHFUHL SU L

FRPSRQHQWHvQGUHSWXOVJH LLFDUHRUHSUH]LQW

.
.
.

..

...

%DUHP GHFRUHFWDUHL QRWDUH VH DFRUGSXQFWDMXO VWDELOLW SHQWUX ILHFDUH SHUHFKH

FRUHFWVWDELOLWUH]HUYDIHXGDOORWXULOHvQIRORVLQ GDW UDQLORUFDVWHOXO
  YDWUD VDWXOXL VDWXO   SGXUHD SXQHD LVOD]XO SU L DIODWH vQ IRORVLQ 
FRPXQ

40

Clasa a IX-a
(QXQ 

6FULH LvQGUHSWXOILHFUXLFDSLWHOGHQXPLUHDVWLOXOXLFUHLDvLFRUHVSXQGH

1..

2..

%DUHP GHFRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH VH DFRUG SXQFWDMXO VWDELOLW SHQWUX ILHFDUH UVSXQV
corect: 1 - doric; 2 - ionic; 3 corintic.

Clasa a IX-a
(QXQ 
5HSUH]HQWD LJUDILFXQPHQKLULXQGROPHQ
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH VH DFRUG SXQFWDMXO VWDELOLW SHQWUX UHSUH]HQWULOH
XUPWRDUHL

Clasa a X-a

(QXQ 

QVFULH L vQ FkWH XQ FHUF WHKQLFD DVRODPHQWXOXL WULHQDO L GHVWLQD LD

UH]HUYDW ORWXULORU SULQ DFHDVW PHWRG vQDLQWH D L GXS E UHYROX LD
DJUDUGLQVHFROXODO;9,,,OHD

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
FkWHSXQFWSHQWUXvPSU LUHDILHFUXLFHUFvQWUHLVHFWRDUH
cte SXQFWSHQWUXPDUFDUHDXQHLVJH LGHPRQVWUkQGURWD ia culturilor;
FkWH  SXQFW SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH GHVWLQDWH HWDSHL D  FHUHDOH
JUkX RU] VHFDU  RULFH FXOWXU QHFHUHDOLHU PD]UH ERE KDPHL 
SkUORDJ
41

 FkWH  SXQFW SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH GHVWLQDWH HWDSHL E  FHUHDOH
JUkXRU]VHFDURULFHFXOWXUQHFHUHDOLHUPD]UHEREKDPHLDOWDGHFkW
VXEVWDQ HOHD]RWRDVHVXEVWDQ HD]RWRDVHOXFHUQWULIRLQDSL

42

B. 175(%5,6758&785$7(

2vQWUHEDUHVWUXFWXUDWHVWHIRUPDWGLQPDLPXOWHvQWUHEULGHWLSRELHFWLYVDX
VHPLRELHFWLY  OHJDWH vQWUH HOH SULQWUXQ HOHPHQW FRPXQ ([LVW XQ VSD LX JRO vQWUH
WHKQLFLOH GH HYDOXDUH FX UVSXQV OLEHU L FHOH FX UVSXQV OLPLWDW LPSXVH GH LWHPLL
RELHFWLYL$FHVWJROSRDWHILDFRSHULWSULQXWLOL]DUHDvQWUHEULORUVWUXFWXUDWH
6FKHPDWLF PRGXO GH SUH]HQWDUH D XQHL vQWUHEUL VWUXFWXUDWH DUDW DVWIHO %HWKHOO
1996):
0DWHULDO6WLPXOVXUVLVWRULFVXSRUWFDUWRJUDILFJUDILFHWF
6XEvQWUHEUL
Date suplimentare
6XEvQWUHEUL
Avantaje (Stoica, 1996):
permit transformarea unui item de tip eseu n itemi de tip obiectivi,
semiobiectivi, crescnd gradul de obiectivitate n evaluare;
VWUXFWXUDUHDVXEvQWUHEULORUSHUPLWHWHVWDUHDXQHLJDPHYDULDWHGHFXQRWLQ H
SULFHSHULLFDSDFLW L
SHUPLWFUHWHUHDSURJUHVLYDGLILFXOW LL
IDYRUL]HD]FUHDUHDXQXLQXPUGHVXEvQWUHEULOHJDWHSULQWURWHPFRPXQ
FHHDFHVSRUHWHFRHUHQ DLSURIXQ]LPHDHYDOXULL
SHUPLW XWLOL]DUHD GH PDWHULDOH  VXSRUW WH[WH UHSUH]HQWUL FDUWRJUDILFH JUDILFH
GLDJUDPHHWFFRQIHULQGHYDOXULLXQVXSRUWWLLQ LILF
Limite (Stoica, 1996):
UVSXQVXO OD R VXEvQWUHEDUH SRDWH GHSLQGH XQHRUL GH UVSXQVXO OD
VXEvQWUHEULOH SUHFHGHQWH DWXQFL FkQG QX H[LVW R DWHQ LH VXILFLHQW vQ
proiectarea itemilor;
PDWHULDOHOHDX[LOLDUHEDUHPXOGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHHVWHGLILFLOGHFRQVWUXLW
QHFHVLWFRVWXULPDLULGLFDWHSHQWUXSURLHFWDUH

43

5HFRPDQGULGHSURLHFWDUHDvQWUHEULORUVWUXFWXUDWH0DFLQWRVKL+DOHRS&LW
p. 69):
vQWUHEDUHD WUHEXLH V FHDU UVSXQVXUL VLPSOH OD vQFHSXW L V FUHDVF
GLILFXOWDWHDDFHVWRUDVSUHVIkULW
ILHFDUHvQWUHEDUHYDILDXWRFRQ LQXWLQXYDGHSLQGHGHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWOD
VXEvQWUHEDUHDSUHFHGHQW
VXEvQWUHEULOHWUHEXLHVILHvQFRQFRUGDQ FXPDWHULDOHOHVtimulii XWLOL]D L
ILHFDUHVXEvQWUHEDUHWHVWHD]XQXOVDXPDLPXOWHRELHFWLYH

Exemple
Clasa a X-a
Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF FDUDFWHUXO DQWURSURFHQWULVW DO
XPDQLVPXOXL L V DUJXPHQWH]H LPSDFWXO 5HQDWHULL DVXSUD UHOD LHL
om-Dumnezeu.

(QXQ 

&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV

=LGLWRUXOVXSUHPODDOHVSHRPFUHDWXUFXILUHQHGHVOXLWLDH]kQGXO
n centrul lumii i-a vorbit: 7XFHOSHFDUHQLFLROLPLWQXOVWYLOHWHWHYHL
SURQXQ D VLQJXU vQ SULYLQ D OLPLWHORU ILULL WDOH vQ OLEHUWDWHD YRLQ HL SH FDUH
DPSXVRvQPkLQLOHWDOH7HDPDH]DWvQPLH]XOXQLYHUVXOXLSHQWUXFDGH
DFROR VL SR L PDL OHVQH FHUFHWD SU LOH  3ULQ SXWHUHD GH FDUH GLVSXL
YHLSXWHDVGHFD]LVvPEUDFLIRUPHOHFHOHPDLGHMRVDOHYLH LLFDUHVXQW
GH QDWXU DQLPDO 3ULQ SXHWHUHD SH FDUH R DL YHL SXWHD JUD LH
GLVFHUQPkQWXOXLSHFDUHODLVGLWvQVXIOHWVUHQDWLvQIRUPHOHFHOHPDL
vQDOWHFHOHDOHQDWXULLGXPQH]HLHWL.
(Pico della Mirandola, Despre demnitatea omului, 1486).

3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 7UDQVFULH LGLQWH[WGHILQL LDDQWURSURFHQWLVPXOXL
2. 3UHFL]D LGRXDVSHFWHUHIHULWRDUHODUHOD LDRP'XPQH]HXvQYL]LXQHD
autorului.
3. 0HQ LRQD LGRXDVSHFWHDOHFRQFHS LHLPHGLHYDOHGHVSUHUHOD LDRP
Dumnezeu.
4. 6FULH LXQDUJXPHQWvQIDYRDUHDDILUPD LHL5HQDWHUHDDFUHDWSULPD
EUHvQUHOD LDRP'XPQH]HX

44

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
1.  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSunsurile omul n centrul lumii; omul n
miezul universului.
2

FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH RP  FUHD LH GLYLQ
OLEHUWDWHD RPXOXL vQ ID D OXL 'XPQH]HX OLEHUWDWHD RPXOXL ID  GH SXWHULOH OXL
'XPQH]HXYLUWX LOHGDWHGH'XPQH]HXWUHEXLHFXOWLYDWHGHRPFDSDFLWDWHD
GHUD LXQHHVWHGDWGH'XPQH]HX

3. FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHRPXOFUHD LHGLYLQ
RPXO  LQVWUXPHQW DO YRLQ HL GLYLQH; omul - dependent de Dumnezeu. Se
SXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV
   SXQFWH SHQWUX PHQ LRQDUHD XQXL DUJXPHQW LVWRULF vQ IDYRDUHD DILUPD LHL
respective. 2 puncte pentru preluarea argumentului din text.
Clasa a XII-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD ILFDSDELOVVWDELOHDVFWUVWXULOHJOREDOHLGHGHWDOLXDOH

XQXL GRFXPHQW V GHILQHDVF QR LXQL LVWRULFH V GHVFULH WHRULL
istoriografice

(QXQ 

&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV

Iar cnd au fost FXUVXO DQLORU GH OD $GDP   ILLQG vQ DUD
5RPkQHDVF XQ YRLHYRG FH ODX FKHPDW 5DGX 1HJUXO YRLHYRG PDUH
KHU HJSUH$PODLSUH)JUDULGLFDWXVDXGHDFRORFXWRDWFDVDOXLLFX
PXO LPHGHQRURDGHURPkQLSDSLVWDLFDWROLFLVDLGHWRWIHOXORDPHQL
SRJRUkQGXVHSHDSD'kPERYL HLvQFHSXWDXDIDFH DUQRDR.
QWkLDXIFXWRUDXOFHL]LF&kPSXOXQJ$FRORDXIRVWLRELVHULFPDUH
LIUXPRDVLvQDOW
Iar noroadele ce pogorse cu dnsul, unii s-au dat pe sub podgorie
DMXQJkQGSkQvQDSD6LUHWXOXLLSkQOD%ULOD$WXQFHDL%DVDUDEHWLL
FXWRDWERLHULPHDFHHUDPDLvQDLQWHSUHVWH2OWVDXVFXODWFXWR LLGHDX
YHQLWOD5DGXOYRGvQFKLQkQGXVHVILHVXSWSRUXQFDOXLLQXPDLHOV
ILHSHVWHWR L
(fragment din /HWRSLVH XOFDQWDFX]LQHVF).

45

3RUQLQGGHODWH[WXOGHPDLVXVUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 3UHFL]D L WHUPHQXO JHQHULF IRORVLW GH FURQLFDUL SHQWUX DF LXQHD OXL
5DGXO1HJUXYRGODVXGXO&DUSD LORU
2. 'HGXFH LXQPRWLYDODF LXQLLOXL5DGXO1HJUXYRG
3. 'HGXFH L XQ PRWLY DO SOHFULL XQRU SDSLVWDL L VDL vPSUHXQ FX
5DGXO1HJUXYRG
4. 1XPL LDUD5RPkQHDVFODFDUHVHUHIHUWH[WXO
5. 3UHFL]D L FHOH WUHL PRPHQWH DOH vQWHPHLHULL 8QJUR9ODKLHL ULL
5RPkQHWLLGHGXFH LUROXOILHFUHLDSHED]DWH[WXOXL
6. *KHRUJKH%UWLDQXDHODERUDWRWHRULHWLLQ LILFOHJDWGHLQIRUPD LLOH
GLQ GRFXPHQWXO GH PDL VXV 3UHFL]D L HVHQ D FRQWULEX LHL VDOH
istoriografice.
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
1. SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOGHVFOHFDW
2. SXQFWHSHQWUXXQXOGLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH GHVILLQ DUHD DXWRQRPLHL URPkQLORU
GH FWUH UHJLL PDJKLDUL H[FOXGHUHD URPkQLORU GLQ YLD D SROLWLF D
7UDQVLOYDQLHL6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV
3.  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH XQXO GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH HFXPHQLVPXO FDWROLF
H[WLQGHUHD OHJWXULORU FRPHUFLDOH VSUH 6LUHW %ULOD 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH
UVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV
4. Cte 2 puQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH DUD )JUDXOXL DUD
$PODXOXL
5. &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX PHQ LRQDUHDILHFUXLPRPHQW L FkWH SXQFWH SHQWUX
ILHFDUHVHPQLILFD LH
- vQWHPHLHUHDRUDXOXLUROGHFHQWUXGHSXWHUH
- vQWHPHLHUHDELVHULFLLLQVWLWX LHGHVWDWVDXUROGHSURWHF LHGLYLQ
- RULFDUH XQXO GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH vQFKLQDUHD %DVDUDELORU GLQ 2OWHQLD
VXSXQHUHD EHQHYRO D %DVDUDELORU UHFXQRDWHUHD DXWRULW LL OXL 1HJUXO
YRG L UHVSHFWLY H[WLQGHUHD KRWDUXOXL ULL DOWXUDUHD 2OWHQLHL OD
Muntenia.
 &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH LQWHUSUHWDUHD FULWLF D
L]YRUXOXLLVWRULFUHFRQVLGHUDUHDYDORULLOHJHQGHL6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFX
DFHODLVHQV

46

Clasa a XI-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHFXQRDVFQR LXQLLVWRULFHvQFRQWH[WHQRLV

FDUDFWHUL]H]H R SHULRDG LVWRULF SH ED]D L]YRUXOXL LVWRULF V
DUJXPHQWH]HLQWHUSUHWULGLIHULWHGDWHDFHOXLDLSURFHVLVWRULF.
(QXQ 

&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WHOHXUPWRDUH

'DF SURVSHULWDWHD WXWXURU HVWH FRQGL LRQDW GH SURVSHULWDWHD ILHFUXLD
SXWHPVILPPkQGULQXQXPDLGHSXWHUHDHFRQRPLFDHFRQRPLHLOLEHUH
FL L GH IRU D VD PRUDO (VWH VXILFLHQW V vQ HOHDJ DGHYUDWHOH ORU
LQWHUHVH SHQWUX FD UHVWULF LLOH ULYDOLW LOH LQGXVWULDOH L U]ERDLHOH
HFRQRPLFH V GLVSDU VXE ORYLWXULOH RSLQLHL SXEOLFH 6RFLHWDWHD FRQVW vQ
DFHHDFQRLPXQFLPXQLLSHQWUXFHLODO L1RLSULPLPH[DFWDWkWFkWGPvQ
VFKLPE QFHWD L GHFL FDSLWDOLWL L PXQFLWRUL V Y SULYL L FX RVWLOLWDWH L
LQYLGLH5HFXQRDWH LFLQWHUHVHOHYRDVWUHVXQWFRPXQHLGHQWLFHLRULFHV
DU VSXQH HOH VH FRQIXQG SHQWUX F WLQG vPSUHXQ VSUH UHDOL]DUHD ELQHOXL
general
(Bastiat, economist liberal francez, 1850).
LQVGHFODUvQID DMXUD LORUFIUDFHDVWXOWLPOXSWPLLGHRDPHQL
DU IL PXULW GH IRDPH SHQWUX F OR]LQFD SDWURQLORU HUD DFHDVWD /H YRP
UHGXFH VDODULLOH PXQFLWRULL WUHEXLH V VH VXSXQ FRQFXUHQ HL LDU QRL
SXWHP IDFH WRW FHHD FH GRULP L SXWHP V DF LRQP GXS EXQXO QRVWUX
SODF9HGH LGHFHVHQWLPHQWHHUDXDQLPD L'DUHXQXVXQWXQRPGLQWU
DFHODFDUHVWULHVFGRDUFXFDUWRILVWULFD LSUHFXPLUODQGH]LLLQXYUHDX
VILXWUDWDWFDXQVFODYUXVFDUHHVWHYkQGXWRGDWFXSPkQWXOVX(X
YUHDXVYGSRSRUXOGHDLFLWULQGvQFRQGL LLEXQH3HQWUXFGDFXQRP
DUH PLMORDFH PDWHULDOH HO vL YD WULPLWH FRSLL OD FRDO L DVWIHO vQWUR ]L
poporul va fi bine educat
8QPXQFLWRUHQJOH]DFX]DWvQSHQWUXSDUWLFLSDUHODJUHY

3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWHWH[WHUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1.
6FULH LGRXHOHPHQWHVSHFLILFHFRQFHS LHLSDWURQXOXLGHVSUHUHOD LDVDFX
muncitorii, identificate n text.
2.
1XPL L HWDSD FUHLD vL FRUHVSXQGH DFHDVW RSLQLH vQ HYROX LD UHOD LHL
patron-muncitori
3.
3UHFL]D L GRX PRWLYH DOH LPSOLFULL PXQFLWRUXOXL vQ PLFDUHD JUHYLVW GLQ
1843, pe baza textului.

47

4.
5.
6.

6FULH LWUHLDUJXPHQWHFDUHVUHIOHFWHLPSOLFDUHDSDWURQXOXLvQVRFLHWDWH
3UHFL]D LSXQFWXOFRPXQDORSLQLLORUGHPDLVXV
$SHOXOHFRQRPLVWXOXLODDUPRQL]DUHDUHOD LHLSDWURQPXQFLWRULHVWHHYLGHQW
0HQ LRQD LGRXPRWLYHFDUHVH[SOLFHDWLWXGLQHDOXL

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
1. &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH PXQFLWRULL WUHEXLH V VH
VXSXQFRQFXUHQ HLEXQXOSODFOLEHUXODUELWUXSDWURQDO
2.  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH vQFHSXWXULle problemei
PXQFLWRUHWLSULPDID]DUHOD LHLSDWURQPXQFLWRU
3.

&kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH VWDUHD PDWHULDO

SUHFDU FRQGL LL JUHOH GH PXQF L GH YLD  UHGXFHUHD VDODULLORU OLSVD
DFFHVXOXLODHGXFD LHIRDPHWHD

4.

CtHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHWUHLGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHSURFXUPDWHULHSULP
SURFXU XWLODMH SURFXU FRPEXVWLELOXO SOWHWH VDODULLOH PXQFLWRULORU DVLJXU
GHVIDFHUHD SURGXVHORU RUJDQL]HD] SURFHVXO GH SURGXF LH LQYHVWHWH
FDSLWDO6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV

5.

 SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH ELQHOH JHQHUDO ELQHOH FRPXQ

binele poporului.

6.

&kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH SURVSHULWDWHD

JHQHUDO HVWH FRQGL LRQDW GH SURVSHULWDWHD ILHFUXLD FRQIOLFWHOH GH PXQF
SHUWXUESURFHVXOGHSURGXF LHFkWLJXOILHFUXLDGHSLQGHGHJUDGXOLPSOLFULL
VDOH vQ VRFLHWDWH 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH UVSXQV FX DFHODL VHQV VDX FX
caracter argumentat.

48

CAPITOLUL IV. ITEMI SUBIECTIVI

&8563816'(6&+,6

Principala caractHULVWLF D DFHVWRU LWHPL HVWH IDSWXO F WHVWHD] RELHFWLYH FH

YL]HD] RULJLQDOLWDWHD FUHDWLYLWDWHD L FDUDFWHUXO SHUVRQDO DO UVSXQVXOXL ,WHPLL FX
UVSXQV GHVFKLV VXQW vQ JHQHUDO XRU GH FRQVWUXLW GDU DSDU GLILFXOW L vQ FHHD FH
SULYHWHRELHFWLYLWDWHDHYDOXULL'LQDFHVWPRWLYVXQWQHFHVDUHFULWHULLFODUHSHED]D
FURUDVHDOFWXLHWHEDUHPXOGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH&DUH\S
'LQFDWHJRULDLWHPLORUFXUVSXQVGHVFKLVIDFSDUWH
A. (VHXOFXUVSXQVUHVWUkQV
B. Eseul structurat
C

Eseul nestructurat

1HFHVLWDWHDGHDHYDOXDDELOLW LLFRPSHWHQ HGHFRPSOH[LWDWHULGLFDWIDFHFD

vQ FD]XO LVWRULHL IRUPD GH HYDOXDUH FHD PDL IUHFYHQW vQWkOQLW V ILH LWHPLL GH WLS
subiectiv eseurile.
,WHPXOGHWLSHVHXFHUHHOHYXOXLVFRQVWUXLDVFXQUVSXQVOLEHUvQFRQIRUPLWDWH
ILHFXXQVHWGHFXYLQWHGDWHILHFXRVXUVLVWRULF&XFkWFHULQ HOHVXQWPDLSUHFLV
IRUPXODWH L PDL GLUHFW LOXVWUDWH vQ VFKHPD GH QRWDUH FX DWkW FUHWH ILGHOLWDWHD
SXQFWULL*URQOXQGS
Obiectivele dHHYDOXDUHVHUHIHUOD

DELOLWDWHDGHDHYRFDRUJDQL]DLLQWHJUDLGHLOH

DELOLWDWHDGHH[SULPDUHSHUVRQDOvQVFULV

DELOLWDWHDGHDLQWHUSUHWDLDSOLFDGDWHOH

Caracteristicile acestui tip de item sunt:

UHDOL]HD] R HYDOXDUH D DERUGULL JOREDOH D XQHL VDUFLQL GH OXFUX GLQ

perspectiva unui obiectiv care nu poate fi evaluat cu ajutorul itemilor obiectivi;

FRQVWUXLHWH R LPDJLQH FRHUHQW D PRGXOXL GH LQWHUDF LXQH UHDO D

FXQRWLQ HORUFRQ LQXWXULORULDELOLW LORU

49

'XS GLPHQVLXQLOH UVSXQVXOXL DWHSWDW SRW IL SURLHFWDWH GRX FDWHJRULL GH

itemi de tip eseu:
a) HVHXOFXUVSXQVUHVWUkQVvQFDUHHVWHSUHFL]DWOLPLWDGHQXPUGHFXYLQWH
de paragrafe sau rnduri;
b) HVHXO FX UVSXQV H[WLQV SHQWUX FDUH RSHUHD] GRDU OLPLWD WLPSXOXL GH
rezolvare).
Dup WLSXO UVSXQVXOXL DWHSWDW SRW IL SURLHFWDWH GRX FDWHJRULL GH LWHPL GH WLS
eseu:
a) eseul structurat sau semistructurat (n care, cu ajutorul unor indicii, sugestii
VDXFHULQ HUVSXQVXODWHSWDWHVWHRUGRQDWLRULHQWDW
b) eseul liber SRWULYLW RELHFWLYHORU FDUH YL]HD] JkQGLUHDVFULHUHD FUHDWLY L
LPDJLQDWLYRULJLQDOLWDWHDFUHDWLYLWDWHDHWF
'HRDUHFHvQFD]XOHVHXOXLQHVWUXFWXUDWLQGLFD LLOHGDWHHOHYXOXLVXQWIRDUWHSX LQH
HQXQ XO LWHPXOXL WUHEXLH V ILH FODU GHILQLW IU DPELJXLW L Q FD] FRQWUDU DFHODL
HQXQ  YD IL LQWHUSUHWDW GLIHULW GH FWUH HOHYL LDU SURIHVRUXO YD DYHD GLILFXOW L vQ D
DSUHFLDGDFXQUVSXQVLQFRUHFWVHGDWRUHD]QHvQ HOHJHULLVDXOLSVHLGHFXQRWLQ H
Q IXQF LH GH RELHFWLYHOH SURSXVH LWHPLL GH WLS HVHX QHVWUXFWXUDW VROLFLW HOHYLORU
PDLPXOWHRSHUD LLGHJkQGLUH
3HQWUX RELHFWLYLWDWHD HYDOXULL VH UHFRPDQG XWLOL]DUHD OLPLWDW D DFHVWXL WLS GH
LWHP$FHOHDLRSHUD LLGHJkQGLUHLDFHODLRELHFWLYHSRWILHYDOXDWHSULQWUXQLWHPGH
WLS HVHX VWUXFWXUDW FDUH FRQGXFH HOHYXO VSUH UVSXQVXO DWHSWDW GH SURIHVRUXO
evaluator.
Avantaje (Stoica, 1996):
FUHHD]RLPDJLQHFRHUHQWDLQWHUDF LXQLUHDOHGLQWUHFRQ LQXWXULOHvQY ULL
FXQRWLQ HOHLDELOLW LOHHOHYXOXL
RIHU R YL]LXQH JOREDO DVXSUD FDSDFLW LORU HOHYXOXL GH D FRQVWUXL XQ
VXELHFWFXQRDWHUHDIDSWHORURUJDQL]DUHDLGHLORUvQVFULVXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXL
LVWRULFDELOLW LDQDOLWLFHLFULWLFHLPSRVLELOGHDWLQVSULQWUXQLWHPRELHFWLY
VHUYHWHvQVSHFLDORELHFWLYHFDUHYL]HD]RULJLQDOLWDWHDFUHDWLYLWDWHD
GOLEHUWDWHGHJkQGLUHLH[SULPDUHIUDOLPLWDUVSXQVXOODFkWHYDFHULQ H
FDvQFD]XOvQWUHEULORUVWUXFWXUDWH
HVWH SULQ WUDGL LH IRUPD GH HYDOXDUH FHD PDL SRSXODU vQ H[DPLQDUHD
URPkQHDVF

50

Limite (Stoica, 1996):

VSRUHWHGLILFXOWDWHDUVSXQVXOXLFDUHWUHEXLHFRQFHSXWLDUJXPHQWDW
IURVFKHPGHSXQFWDUHFkWPDLGHWDOLDWQXRIHURILGHOLWDWHDSXQFWULL
acceptabile;
FHUWLPSPXOWDWHQ LHLvQDOWSURIHVLRQDOLVPvQQRWDUHULGLFkQGSUREOHPHvQ
elaborarea baremului.

EXEMPLE
$(6(8/&85638165(67516
Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVvQ HOHDJUHOD LLOHLFRQH[LXQLOHGLQWUHDQXPLWH
fapte istorice
(QXQ 

6HGDXXUPWRDUHOHHYHQLPHQWHLVWRULFH
Clasa a VIII-a
a. Congresul de la Paris din 1856.
b. $GXQULOH$GKRFGLQ.
([SOLFD L vQ  UkQGXUL LPSRUWDQ D ILHFUXL HYHQLPHQW SHQWUX LVWRULD
URPkQLORULVWDELOL LUHOD LDGLQWUHHOH

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHGLVFXWDUHD8QLULL3ULQFLSDWHORUvQ
FDGUXO &RQJUHVXOXL GH OD 3DULV RSR]L LD ,PSHULXOXL +DEVEXUJLF L D ,PSHULXOXL
2WRPDQFRQVXOWDUHDSRSRUXOXLSULQvQILLQ DUHD$GXQULORU$GKRF
 SXQFWH SHQWUX VWDELOLUHD UHOD LHL DGXQULOH $GKRF  FRQVHFLQ  D GH]EDWHULORU
din cadrul Congresului de la Paris.
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX
Clasa a VIII-a
(QXQ 

6HGDXXUPWRDUHOHHYHQLPHQWHLVWRULFH.
1. &XFHULUHDFHW LL&KLOLD
2. &DPSDQLDXQJDUvQ0ROGRYDILQDOL]DWFXOXSWDGHOD%DLD
([SOLFD LvQUkQGXULLPSRUWDQ DILHFUXLHYHQLPHQWLVWDELOL LUHOD LDGLQWUH
ele.

51

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
WHIDQFHO0DUHFXFHUHWH&KLOLDGLQPRWLYHHFRQRPLFHLSROLWLFH
.......................................................................................... 2 puncte
/D %DLD  0DWHL &RUYLQ HVWH vQIUkQW L VH DQXOHD] WHQGLQ D
8QJDULHLGHDLLPSXQHVX]HUDQLWDWHDDVXSUD0ROGRYHLSXQFWH
&XFHULUHD&KLOLHLGHWHUPLQDF LXQHD8QJDULHLSXQFWH
5HVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXSXQFWH

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVDUJXPHQWH]HUHDOLW LLVWRULFHGDWH

Clasa a VIII-a

(QXQ 

7UDQVLOYDQLDVDFRQVWUXLWFDVWDWPHGLHYDOvQXUPDFXFHULULLVDOHGHFWUH
UHJDOLWDWHDPDJKLDU
$UJXPHQWHD]vQPD[LPXPUkQGXULSULQWUHLH[HPSOHLQGLYLGXDOLWDWHD
L WHQGLQ D GH DXWRQRPLH D 7UDQVLOYDQLHL YRLHYRGDOH ID  GH 5HJDWXO
Ungariei.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH7UDQVLOYDQLDDDYXWLQVWLWX LLSROLWLFH
SURSULL D DYXW VWUXFWXUL PLOLWDUH SURSULL HUD RULHQWDW HFRQRPLF VSUH 0ROGRYD L
8QJUR9ODKLDPDMRULWDWHDSRSXOD LHLHUDURPkQHDVFLGHFRQIHVLXQHRUWRGR[6H
SXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQVLRULFDUHDOWDUJXPHQWWLLQ LILF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

Clasa a VIII-a
(QXQ 

2 WHRULH LPSRUWDQW FX SULYLUH OD HWQRJHQH]D URPkQHDVF HVWH FHD

URHVOHULDQ
3UH]LQWvQFHOPXOWUkQGXULGRXDUJXPHQWHFDUHLQILUPDFHDVWWHRULH

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
- FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH vQ OLPED URPkQ WHUPLQRORJLD
FUHWLQGHED]HVWHGHRULJLQHODWLQURPkQLLVXQWDWHVWD LvQ*HVWD+XQJDURUXPFD
ORFXLWRUL DL 7UDQVLOYDQLHL 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH UVSXQV FX DFHODL VHQV L RULFH DOW
DUJXPHQWWLLQ LILF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

52

(QXQ 

5RPkQLD LD RE LQXW LQGHSHQGHQ D vQ XUPD SDUWLFLSULL OD U]ERLXO UXVR
otoman din 1877-1878.
0HQ LRQHD] vQ PD[LPXP  UkQGXUL GRX PRWLYH SHQWUX FDUH 5RPkQLD
VHLPSOLFGLUHFWvQDFHVWFRQIOLFW

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH5RPkQLDQXGRUHWHGHVIXUDUHD
U]ERLXOXLvQQRUGXO'XQULL0DULOH3XWHULQXUHFXQRVFSURFODPDUHDLQGHSHQGHQ HLvQ
3DUODPHQW0DUHOHGXFH1LFRODHVROLFLWDMXWRUXODUPDWHLURPkQHSULQ WHOHJUDPD GLQ
LXOLH6HSXQFWHD]RULFDUHDOWDUJXPHQWWLLQ LILF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

Clasa a XII-a
(QXQ 

3RUQLQG GH OD DUJXPHQWHOH DGXVH vQ VXV LQHUHD DXWRQRPLHL 7UDQVLOYDQLHL
ID  GH 5HJDWXO 8QJDULHL vQ VHFROHOH DO ;,,,OHD  DO ;9,OHD SUHFL]D L WUHL
GLQWUHFHOHFXJUDGPD[LPGHJHQHUDOLWDWHFDUHVH[SOLFHLVWDWXWXOMXULGLF
DOULL5RPkQHWLLDO0ROGRYHLID GH,PSHULXO2WRPDQvQVHFROHOH;9
XVI.
6HUHFRPDQGvQFDGUDUHDUVSXQVXOXLvQWURSDJLQ

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
 FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH WUHL GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH LQVWLWX LL SROLWLFH SURSULL
VWUXFWXULPLOLWDUHSURSULLFRQIHVLXXQHDRUWRGR[HWF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V GHILQHDVF  DVSHFWH SDUWLFXODUH DOH XQRU
HYHQLPHQWHLVDXIHQRPHQHLVWRULFH

Clasa a VIII-a
(QXQ 

5HYROX LDURPkQGHODDDYXWXQFDUDFWHUXQLWDUH[LVWkQGvQV
LDVSHFWHSDUWLFXODUHSHQWUXILHFDUHSURYLQFLHURPkQHDVF
'HPRQVWUHD] vQ  IUD]H F SURJUDPXO UHYROX LRQDU GH OD  GLQ
0ROGRYDHVWHPRGHUDWLH[SOLFSUXGHQ DUHYROX LRQDULORUPROGRYHQL

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH UVSXQV LQFOXGHUHD SUHYHGHULL 6IkQWD S]LUH D

53

5HJXODPHQWXOXL 2UJDQLF QHSUHFL]DUHD PRGXOXL GH VROX LRQDUH D SUREOHPHL

DJUDUH6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV
 SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH H[SOLFD LH D DWLWXGLQLL UHYROX LRQDULORU PROGRYHQL FRUHFW
din punct de vedere istoric
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXLPSXV

Clasa a XI-a
(QXQ 

5HJLPXULOHWRWDOLWDUHDSDUvQ(XURSDvQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF'HPRQVWUD L
vQPD[LPRSDJLQSDUWLFXODULWDWHDUHJLPXOXLQD]LVWSULQWUHLHOHPHQWHVSHFLILFH

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
Definirea regimului totalitarist prin ideologie, prin constituirea partidului de
PDVSULQGLVWUXJHUHDRUJDQL]ULLGHPRFUDWLFH ............... 10 puncte
3DUWLFXODULWDWHD UHJLPXOXL QD]LVW GHILQLW SULQ LGHRORJLD QD]LVW SULQ
SURJUDPXO 3DUWLGXOXL 1D LRQDO6RFLDOLVW SULQ FRQFHS LD QD]LVW GHVSUH
OXPHSULQDF LXQLOHvQSROLWLFDLQWHUQ
20 puncte
Utilizarea limbajului de specialitate................................

5 puncte

6XV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQDUJXPHQWHLVWRULFHSXQFWH

5HVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXSXQFWH
Clasa a XII-a
(QXQ 

$OWXULGHLGHRORJLDOLEHUDOFHDFRQVHUYDWRDUHDIRVWGHWHUPLQDQWSHQWUX
HYROX LD 5RPkQLHL PRGHUQH 'HL IFHD SDUWH GLQ FXUHQWXO JkQGLULL
conservatoare, junimismul propune un proiect de dezvoltare distinct.
'HPRQVWUD L SDUWLFXODULW LOH MXQLPLVPXOXL ID  GH LGHRORJLD OLEHUDO L ID 
de cea conservatoare.
6HUHFRPDQGvQFDGUDUHDUVSXQVXOXLvQWURSDJLQ

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
Ideologia conservatoare.....................................................10 puncte
,GHRORJLDMXQLPLVW......................................

10 puncte

Critica ideologiei liberale ...................................................... 10 puncte

Utilizarea limbajului de specialitate ......................................

5 puncte

6XV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQDUJXPHQWHLVWRULFH .....................

5 puncte

5HVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX2 puncte

54

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDF L V GHILQHDVF WHUPHQL L QR LXQL
istorice

Clasa a VI-a
(QXQ 

5DSRUWXULOHVX]HUDQRYDVDOLFHVDXH[WLQVLDVXSUDUHOD LLORULQWHUVWDWDOHGLQ
(YXO 0HGLX ([SOLFD L vQWUR MXPWDWH GH SDJLQ REOLJD LLOH ILHFUXL VWDW vQ
IXQF LH GH VWDWXWXO SROLWLFRMXULGLF GH LQXW SRUQLQG GH OD QDWXUD VDUFLQLORU FH
UHYHQHDXSULQFRQWUDFWVHQLRUXOXLLYDVDOXOXL

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHVWDWXOVX]HUDQVHREOLJVDFRUGH
SURWHF LH VWDWXOXL YDVDO VWDWXO YDVDO DUH REOLJD LL PDWHULDOH L SROLWLFH ID  GH FHO
VX]HUDQ6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQVLFHOHDUJXPHQWDWHWLLQ LILF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

Clasa a VII-a
(QXQ 

&RQVWLWX LD 68$ DGRSWDW vQ  SUHYHGH SULQFLSLXO VHSDUULL SXWHULORU
vQVWDW'HILQL LLH[SOLFD LPRGDOLW LOHVDOHGHDSOLFDUHvQWURMXPWDWHGH
SDJLQ

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
'HILQLUHDSULQFLSLXOXLVHSDUULLSXWHULORUvQVWDW..........4 puncte
$WULEX LLOHILHFUHLSXWHULL ........... 10 puncte (3 x 10 puncte) 30 puncte
,QVWLWX LLOHUHSUH]HQWDWLYHDOHSXWHULORU ................................... 6 puncte
5HVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXSXQFWH

Clasa a XII-a
(QXQ 

&RQYHQ LD URPkQRUXV vQFKHLDW OD  DSULOLH  SUHYHGH REOLJD LD

5XVLHL GH D PHQ LQH LQWHJULWDWHD WHULWRULDO D 5RPkQLHL 'HILQL L DFHVW
SULQFLSLX GH GUHSW LQWHUQD LRQDO L H[SOLFD LvQ  GH UkQGXUL PRGXO OXL GH
aplicare n Tratatul de la Berlin.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
1. Definirea principiului ......................................................... 10 puncte
2. Explicarea atitudinii Marilor Puteri .................................... 10 puncte
5HVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXSXQFWH

55

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVvQ HOHDJFRQVHFLQ HOHXQRUHYHQLPHQWHLVWRULFH

Clasa a VIII-a

(QXQ 

'XSYLFWRULDGHODHOLPEURFWRPEULH0LKDL9LWHD]XODOXDWvQ

VWSkQLUH 7UDQVLOYDQLD 0HQ LRQD L vQ PD[LP  GH UkQGXUL  WUHL
FRQVHFLQ HDOHDFHVWHLDF LXQLSROLWLFHLH[SOLFD LVFRSXODFHVWRUD

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
-

FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHWUHLGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHVIDWXOSULQFLDUHUDDOFWXLWvQ
HJDO PVXU GLQ ERLHUL L QRELOL PDJKLDUL QXPHWH vQ FHW LOH WUDQVLOYQHQH SH
FSLWDQLLOXLGHvQFUHGHUHSUHR LLURPkQLDXIRVWVFXWL LGHURERW$OED,XOLDGHYLQH
FDSLWDOD 7UDQVLOYDQLHL OD $OED,XOLD VH vQILLQ HD] 6FDXQXO (SLVFRSLHL 2UWRGR[H
6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV

SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHH[SOLFD LHFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULF

SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

(QXQ 

/D &RQVLOLXO GH &RURDQ GLQ  DXJXVW  VD KRWUkW LQWUDUHD
5RPkQLHL vQ 3ULPXO 5]ERL 0RQGLDO 0HQ LRQD L L H[SOLFD L vQ  GH
UkQGXULWUHLFRQVHFLQ HDOHDFHVWHLGHFL]LLSROLWLFH

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
-

FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHWUHLGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHSDUWLFLSDUHDDUPDWHLURPkQH
OD OXSWHOH GLQ 7UDQVLOYDQLD L 'REURJHD LQVWDXUDUHD XQXL UHJLP GH RFXSD LH
PLOLWDUvQWHULWRULLOHVXGFDUSDWLFHUHWUDJHUHDvQ0ROGRYDDRUJDQLVPHORUSROLWLFH
DXQHLSU LDSRSXOD LHLFLYLOHLDXQHLSU LDDUPDWHLSURSXQHUHDLSUHJWLUHD
DSOLFULL XQRU UHIRUPH QHFHVDUH PRGHUQL]ULL VRFLHW LL URPkQHWL GHVYkULUHD
VWDWXOXL QD LRQDO UHFXQRDWHUHD LQWHUQD LRQDO D 5RPkQLHL 0DUL 6H SXQFWHD]
RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV

SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHH[SOLFD LHFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULF

SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

56

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V H[SOLFH DQXPLWH HYHQLPHQWH LVWRULFH vQ HOHJkQG
cauzalitatea lor

Clasa a XII-a

(QXQ 

Q XUPD WUDWDWXOXL vQFKHLDW vQ  5RPkQLD GHYLQH PHPEU D 7ULSOHL

$OLDQ HQ5RPkQLDLQWUvQU]ERLDOWXULGH$QWDQWD0HQ LRQD LvQ
PD[LPUkQGXULGRXFDX]HFDUHH[SOLFQRXDRULHQWDUHD5RPkQLHLvQ
SROLWLFDH[WHUQ

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
- FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH DOLDQ D FX $XVWUR8QJDULD
HUDvPSRWULYDRELHFWLYXOXLQD LRQDOvQFRQWH[WXOU]ERDLHORUEDOFDQLFH$XVWUR8QJDULD
VH VLWXHD] SH SR]L LL RSXVH LQWHUHVHORU VXV LQXWH GH 5RPkQLD $QWDQWD UHFXQRDWH
GUHSWXO 5RPkQLHL DVXSUD 7UDQVLOYDQLHL L %XFRYLQHL GDF LQWU vQ U]ERL DOWXUL GH
DFHDVWDOLDQ 6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFXDFHODLVHQV
SXQFWHSHQWUXUHVSHFWDUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LX

57

B. ESEUL STRUCTURAT
CLASA A XII-A
Obiectiv: Elevul va IL FDSDELO V SUH]LQWH FRHUHQW XQ HYHQLPHQW LVWRULF L V
LQWHUSUHWH]HODSULPDYHGHUHRVXUVGRFXPHQWDU

(QXQ 

+DUWDGHPDLMRVUHSUH]LQWDF LXQLOHPLOLWDUHDOH5RPkQLHLvQSULPXOU]ERL
mondial.

3UH]HQWD L SDUWLFLSDUHD 5RPkQLHL OD DFHVW FRQIOLFWPRQGLDO LQkQG FRQW GH

XUPWRDUHOHDVSHFWH
- SROLWLFDH[WHUQD5RPkQLHL
- SR]L LD JHRVWUDWHJLF D 5RPkQLHL vQ UDSRUW FX %ORFXULOH PLOLWDUH
constituite;
- IURQWXULDF LXQLPLOLWDUHLFRQVHFLQ HOHDFHVWRUD
- consHFLQ HOHSDUWLFLSULLODSULPXOU]ERLPRQGLDO
1RW 6HSXQFWHD]LRUGRQDUHDLDUJXPHQWDUHDLGHLORUXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF

58

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
SROLWLFDH[WHUQD5RPkQLHL................................................ 10 puncte
SR]L LDJHRVWUDWHJLFD5RPkQLHL ....................................... 4 puncte
IURQWXULDF LXQLPLOLWDUHLFRQVHFLQ H ................................. 20 puncte
FRQVHFLQ HOHSDUWLFLSULLODSULPXOU]ERLPRQGLDO ............... 6 puncte
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate ........................................... 5 puncte
VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQDUJXPHQWHLVWRULFH.................... 5 puncte
Clasa a XII-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V RSHUH]H FRQFUHW FX DQXPLWH FRQFHSWH
FRQVWUXLQGSURSULXOVXGLVFXUVGHVSUHRWHPLVWRULF
(QXQ 

3RUQLQGGHODDILUPD LDSURFHVXOvQWHPHLHULLVWDWHORUPHGLHYDOHURPkQHWL
SRDWHILVLQWHWL]DWvQIRUPXODWUHFHULLGHODVDWREWHODVWDWUHDOL]D LXQ
HVHX FDUH V HYLGHQ LH]H FRQGL LLOH LQWHUQH DOH FRQVWLWXLULL ULORU
5RPkQHWL
&RQ LQXWXOHVHXOXLYDXUPUL
GHILQLUHDQR LXQLORULVWRULFHVDWREWH
UROXO REWLL VWHWL vQ SURFHVXO GH vQWHPHLHUH VWDWDO FX UHIHULUL
concrete la:

a) HYROX LDGHPRJUDILF
b) VWUDWLILFDUHDVRFLDOvQFDGUXOREWLL
c) IRUPHOHGHRUJDQL]DUHSROLWLFSUHVWDWDO
d) etapele procesului unificator;
LGHQWLILFDUHDXQRUWUDGL LLLDXQRUIRUPHGHYLD REWHDVFPHQ LQXWH
vQFDGUXOVWDWHORUPHGLHYDOHURPkQHWL
VWDELOL LXQWLWOXOUHSUH]HQWDWLYSHQWUXHVHXOYRVWUX
VXV LQH LILHFDUHDILUPD LHFXDUJXPHQWHWLLQ LILFH
SXWH L IRORVL XUPWRDUHOH VXUVH ELEOLRJUDILFH: P.P. Panaitescu, 2EWHD
UQHDVF vQ DUD 5RPkQHDVF L 0ROGRYD  ,RQ 7RGHUDX
8QLWDWHDURPkQHDVFPHGLHYDO, vol. I, 1988.

1RW 6HSXQFWHD]LRUGRQDUHDLDUJXPHWDUHDLGHLORUXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
GHILQLUHDQR LXQLORU............................................................... 6 puncte

59

SUHFL]DUHDFUHWHULLGHPRJUDILFH ........................................ 3 puncte

- identificarea stratifLFULLVRFLDOHLDFDUDFWHULVWLFLORUILHFUHLVWUXFWXUL
............................................................................................ 6 puncte
 H[HPSOLILFDUHD RUJDQL]ULL SUHVWDWDOH L vQFDGUDUHD vQ WLPS D
IRUPD LXQLORUSROLWLFH........................................................... 10 puncte
- identificarea etapelor procesului unificator ......................... 6 puncte
SUH]HQWDUHDWUDGL LHLLIRUPHORUGHYLD REWHDVF .......... 8 puncte
- titlul ....................................................................................

2 puncte

VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQDUJXPHQWHWLLQ LILFH.................

6 puncte

XWLOL]DUHDHILFLHQWDELEOLRJUDILHL........................................

4 puncte

- utilizarea altor surse bibliografice .....................................

2 puncte

Clasa a X-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVLQWHJUH]HQR LXQLLWHUPHQLLVWRULFLvQY D LvQWU

XQHVHXGXSXQVXELHFWGDW
(QXQ 

5HDOL]D LXQHVHXFXWHPD5HIRUPDLQRXOLGHDOXPDQ,QWHJUD LvQDFHVW

HVHX XUPWRULL WHUPHQL 5HIRUP OXWKHUDQLVP FDOYLQLVP DQJOLFDQLVP
SUHGHVWLQDUHSUHVELWHULHQL&RQ LQXWXOHVHXOXLYDXUPUL:
a) ncadrarea n timp a Reformei;
b) H[SOLFDUHDILHFUXLWHUPHQVROLFLWDW
c) LPSDFWXODVXSUDVRFLHW LLLvQQRLULOHDVXPDWHGH%LVHULFD&DWROLF

1RW 6HSXQFWHD]LRUGRQDUHDLDUJXPHWDUHDLdeilor, utilizarea limbajului istoric.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
- ncadrarea n timp .............................................................. 4 puncte
GHILQLUHDLH[SOLFDUHDWHUPHQLORU ....................................... 20 puncte
 LPSDFWXO 5HIRUPHL OXWKHUDQLVPXOXL L FDOYLQLVPXOXL DVXSUD VRFLHW LL
SUHFXPLvQQRLULOHDVXPDWHvQFDGUXO%LVHULFLL&DWROLFH... 20 puncte
-XWLOL]DUHDDUJXPHQWHORUWLLQ LILFHLDOLPEDMXOXLGHVSHFLDOLWDWH

8 puncte

60

Clasa a XII-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF VHPQLILFD LD XQRU HYHQLPHQWH
LVWRULFHVDXUHSHUHFURQRORJLFHDOFWXLQGSURSULXOHVHXGXSRWHP
GDW
(QXQ 

3RUQLQG GH OD XUPWRDUHOH GDWH LVWRULFH  LDQXDULH   LXQLH 
IHEUXDULH  DOFWXL L XQ HVHX FDUH V SUH]LQWH HYROX LD PRQDUKLHL vQ
5RPkQLDvQSULPDMXPWDWHDVHFROXOXL;;VWDELOLQGLWLWOXOUHSUH]HQWDWLY
QUHDOL]DUHDHVHXOXLYH LXUPUL
a) VHPQLILFD LDLVWRULFDILHFUHLGDWH
b) FRQVHFLQ HOHHYHQLPHQWHORULVWRULFHUHVSHFWLYH
c) rolul monarhiei n stat (1926-1938).
1RW 6HSXQFWHD]LRUGRQDUHDLDUJXPHQWDUHDLGHLORUXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
LGHQWLILFDUHDVHPQLILFD LHLGDWHORUSXQFWH
FRQVHFLQ HOHPLQLPGRXHYHQLPHQWHORULVWRULFHSXQFWH
- HYROX LDPRQDUKLHLGHODFRQVWLWX LRQDOLVPODDXWRULWDULVP ....20 puncte
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate...............................

5 puncte

- XWLOL]DUHDDUJXPHQWHORUWLLQ LILFHvQVXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORU ....5 puncte

- stabilirea titlului reprezentativ.......................................... 4 puncte

Clasa a X-a
(QXQ 

7H[WXOXUPWRUHVWHXQIUDJPHQWGLQ'HFODUD LDGHLQGHSHQGHQ LXOLH

1776).
&RQVLGHUP FD DGHYUXUL GH OD VLQH vQ HOHVH IDSWXO F WR L RDPHQLL VDX
QVFXW HJDOL F VXQW vQ]HVWUD L GH FWUH &UHDWRU FX DQXPLWH GUHSWXUL
LQGLYLGXDOH F SULQWUH DFHVWHD VH QXPU GUHSWXO OD YLD  OD OLEHUWDWH L
FXWDUHDIHULFLULL&SHQWUXDLDVLJXUDDFHVWHGUHSWXULRDPHQLLLQVWLWXLH
JXYHUQH FDUH vL GHULY SXWHULOH ORU GUHSWH GLQ FRQVLP PkQWXO FHORU
JXYHUQD L & RUL GH FkWH RUL R IRUP GH JXYHUQDUH GHYLQH SULPHMGLRDV
SHQWUX DFHVWH HOXUL HVWH GUHSWXO SRSRUXOXL V R VFKLPEH VDX V R
DEROHDVFLVLQVWLWXLHRQRXJXYHUQDUHvQWHPHLQGRSHDFHOHSULQFLSLL
 FDUH L VH YRU SUHD FHOH PDL SRWULYLWH FD V JDUDQWH]H VLJXUDQ D L
fericirea acestui popor.
5HDOL]D L XQ HVHX FX WHPD 'HFODUD LD GH LQGHSHQGHQ   VXUV D
GHPRFUD LHLDPHULFDQHXUPULQG

61

1) FRQWH[WXODGRSWULL'HFODUD LHLGHLQGHSHQGHQ 
2) SULQFLSLL GHPRFUDWLFH L GUHSWXUL QDWXUDOH DOH RPXOXL FXSULQVH vQ
'HFODUD LH
3) DSOLFDUHDDFHVWRUSULQFLSLLvQ68$SULQ&RQVWLWX LDDPHULFDQ
4) VSHFLILFLWDWHDHYROX LHLDPHULFDQHFRPSDUDWLYFXFHDHQJOH]
1RW 6HSXQFWHD]LRUGRQDUHDLDUJXPHQWDUHDLGHLORUXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
- FRQWH[WXODGRSWULL'HFODUD LHLGH,QGHSHQGHQ ................ 10 puncte
- SULQFLSLLLGUHSWXULvQ'HFODUD LHGH,QGHSHQGHQ  ............. 10 puncte
- DSOLFDUHDSULQFLSLLORU&RQVWLWX LHL ........................................ 14 puncte
- VHSDUDUHDSXWHULORUvQVWDWLQVWLWX LLLDWULEX LL.................... 15 puncte
- DVHPQULLGHRVHELULvQWUHFHOHGRXUHYROX LL................. 30 puncte
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate ....................................

5 puncte

- VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQDUJXPHQWHWLLQ LILFH.................

5 puncte

62

C. ESEUL LIBER/NESTRUCTURAT
EXEMPLE
Clasa a XI-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V FRPSDUH HYHQLPHQWHOH SUHRFHVHOH LVWRULFH vQ
FDGUXOXQHLOXFUULSURSULL.

(QXQ 

&RPSDUUHJLPXULOHWRWDOLWDUHGLQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLFVWDELOLQGDVHPQUL
LGHRVHELUL

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
FRQWH[WXODSDUL LHLUHJLPXULORUWRWDOLWDUH .............................. 10 puncte
- prezentarea regimului comunist ......................................... 10 puncte
- prezentarea regimului fascist ............................................. 10 puncte
- DVHPQULLGHRVHELUL....................................................... 20 puncte
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate .................................... 5 puncte
- XWLOL]DUHDDUJXPHQWHORUWLLQ LILFH ....................................... 5 puncte
- VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQH[HPSOH ................................... 5 puncte
- FODULWDWHDSUH]HQWULL .......................................................... 5 puncte
- elemente de originalitate n abordarea temei ..................... 10 puncte

Clasa a XI-a
Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVLVXV LQDUJXPHQWDWSXQFWHOHGHYHGHUHLGHD
elabora pe baza acestor argumente, o lucrare

(QXQ 

E[SOLF GH FH HWL GH DFRUG VDX GH FH QX HWL GH DFRUG FX XUPWRDUHD
DILUPD LH&RQVWLWX LDGLQDSXVED]HOHUHJLPXOXLSROLWLFGLQ5RPkQLD
vQSHULRDGDLQWHUEHOLF

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
 GHVFULHUHD FRQGL LLORU vQ FDUH HVWH DGRSWDW &RQVWLWX La din
1923......................................................................................... ... 10 puncte

63

- SUH]HQWDUHD SULQFLSLLORU GHPRFUDWLFH D GUHSWXULORU L D OLEHUW LORU

FHW HQHWLDSUHYHGHULGHED]D&RQVWLWX LHL .................. 20 puncte
LQIOXHQ DSUHYHGHULORUFRQVWLWX LRQDOHDVXSUDUHJLPXOXLSROLWLF
............................................................................................ 20 puncte
- FRQGL LLOHVXVSHQGULL&RQVWLWX LHLGLQ ........................ 10 puncte
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate ....................................

5 puncte

- XWLOL]DUHDDUJXPHQWHORUWLLQ LILFH .......................................

5 puncte

- VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQH[HPSOH ...................................

5 puncte

- FODULWDWHDSUH]HQWULL ..........................................................

5 puncte

- elemente de originalitate n abordarea temei ..................... 10 puncte

Clasa a X-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVDSOLFHvQFRQWH[WHQRLFXQRWLQ HGREkQGLWHL

VFRQVWUXLDVFSURSULXOGLVFXUVLVWRULF

(QXQ  3UH]HQWD L PRGDOLWDWHD GH DSOLFDUH D SULQFLSLXOXL GHPRFUDWLF DO VHSDUULL

SXWHULORUvQVWDWvQ$QJOLDGXS
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
GHVFULHUHDFRQWH[WXOXLvQFDUHVHDGRSW'HFODUD LDGUHSWXULORU
10 puncte
SUH]HQWDUHDSULQFLSDOHORUSUHYHGHULDOH'HFODUD LHL ............ 20 puncte
PHQ LRQHUHDSXWHULOHVWDWXOXLLDWULEX LLOHORUvQ$QJOLD ....... 30 puncte
- LQIOXHQ HDOH'HFODUD LHLGUHSWXULORUvQ$PHULFDGH1RUGL(XURSD
............................................................................................ 10 puncte
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate ....................................

5 puncte

- XWLOL]DUHDDUJXPHQWHORUWLLQ LILFH .......................................

5 puncte

- VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQH[HPSOH ...................................

5 puncte

- FODULWDWHDSUH]HQWULL ..........................................................

5 puncte

- elemente de originalitate n abordarea temei ..................... 10 puncte

64

Clasa a XII-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V DQDOL]H]H vQ FDGUXO XQHL OXFUUL XQ SURFHV
fenomen istoric.
(QXQ  $QDOL]D L U]ERLXO GH LQGHSHQGHQ  D 5RPkQLHL  SRUQLQG GH OD
XUPWRDUHD LGHH 5XVLD D DWUDV 5RPkQLD vQ U]ERL SHQWUX D vQGHSUWD
FRQVHFLQ HOH7UDWDWXOXLGHOD3DULV
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
DQDOL]DLQWHUHVHORUPDULORUSXWHULLDOH5RPkQLHLvQFUL]DRULHQWDO
............................................................................................ 20 puncte
SUH]HQWDUHDSDUWLFLSULL5RPkQLHLODU]ERL ........................ 10 puncte
- PHQ LRQDUHD SUHYHGHULORU WUDWDWHORU GH OD 6DQ 6WHIDQR L %Hrlin din
perspectiva Rusiei ............................................................. 40 puncte
-

utilizarea limbajului de specialitate .................................... 5 puncte

XWLOL]DUHDDUJXPHQWHORUWLLQ LILFH ....................................... 5 puncte
VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQH[HPSOH ................................... 5 puncte
FODULWDWHDSUH]HQWULL .......................................................... 5 puncte
elemente de originalitate n abordarea temei ..................... 10 puncte

Clasa a X-a

Obiectiv: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVUHDOL]H]HRVLQWH]SRUQLQGGHODRWHPGDW
(QXQ  5HDOL]HD] R VLQWH] vQ FDUH V SUH]LQ L LQIOXHQ D LGHLORU OXPLQLVWH DVXSUD
VRFLHW LLPRGHUQH
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
- prezentarea ideologiei luministe ......................................... 20 puncte
- difuzarea ideilor luministe ................................................... 10 puncte
- absolutismul luminat .......................................................... 10 puncte
- UHIRUPLVPLUHYROX LHEXUJKH].......................................... 30 puncte
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate .................................... 5 puncte

65

utilizarea argXPHQWHORUWLLQ LILFH ....................................... 5 puncte

VXV LQHUHDDILUPD LLORUSULQH[HPSOH ................................... 5 puncte
FODULWDWHDSUH]HQWULL .......................................................... 5 puncte
elemente de originalitate n abordarea temei ..................... 10 puncte

66

CAPITOLUL V. METODE COMPLEMENTARE DE

EVALUARE
&DUDFWHUXOIRUPDWLYDO vQY PkQWXOXL VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ DSOLFDUHD XQRU VWUDWHJLL GH
HYDOXDUHFRPSOHPHQWDUHPHWRGHORUWUDGL LRQDOH
2ULFDUH HVWH IRUPD vQ FDUH VXQW FRQFHSXWH SUREHOH RUDOH VFULVH L SUDFWLFH
HYDOXHD] vQ JHQHUDO produse DOH DFWXOXL GH vQY DUH L UVSXQG XQRU RELHFWLYH
preponderent cognitive.
/LPLWHOH PHWRGHORU WUDGL LRQDOH VXQW GHSLWH FX DMXWRUXO PHWRGHORU
complementare. Axate pe procesul GH vQY DUH FDUH vQJOREHD] L UH]XOWDWXO
RE LQXW HOH HYDOXHD] JUDGXO GH IRUPDUH L XWLOL]DUH DWkW D FDSDFLW LORU FRJQLWLYH
VXSHULRDUH D FRPSHWHQ HORU VSHFLILFH FkW L DPRWLYD LLORU DWLWXGLQLORU DVXPDWH L D
FRPSRUWDPHQWHORUPDQLIHVWDWHGHHOHYvQGHPHUVXOHGXFD LRQDO
'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY PHWRGHOH DOWHUQDWLYH PRGLILF L UHOD LD SURIHVRUHOHY
LQGXFkQG VSUH XQ SDUWHQHULDW vQ FDUH*KLG JHQHUDO GH HYDOXDUH L H[DPLQDUH
p.55-56):

Profesorul :

VHPQDOHD]UHXLWHOHLHURULOHHOHYXOXL

IXUQL]HD]WHKQLFLOHGHOXFUXPDWHULDOXOGRFXPHWDULPLMORDFHOHGLGDFWLFH
necesare elevilor;

UHQXQ ODWHQGLQ DGHDFRUHFWDDVDQF LRQDHURULOH

SURPRYHD]RHYDOXDUHFULWHULDO

IRUPHD]HOHYXOXLGHSULQGHUHDGHDVHDXWRFRUHFWDLDXWRHGXFD

Elevul:

FRQWLHQWL]HD]VFRSXOVDUFLQLLGHOXFUX

vQ HOHJHFHULQ HOH

JVHWHPRGXOGHDERUGDUHVROX LRQDUHDDFHVWRUD

XWLOL]HD]WHKQLFLOHGHOXFUXLPLMORDFHOHGLGDFWLFH

3ULQFLSDOHOHPHWRGHXWLOL]DWHGHSURIHVRUVXQWLQYHVWLJD LDUHIHUDWXOLSRUWRIROLXO
3XQkQGX,SHHOHYvQVLWXD LDGHvQY DUHDXWRQRPDYDQWDMHOHDFHVWRUDVXQW

FDUDFWHUXO VXPDWLY SULQ HYDOXDUHD XQHL DULL GH FXQRWLQ H FDSDFLW L L
DWLWXGLQLvQVXLWHIRUPDWHSHRSHULRDGPDLOXQJGHWLPS

67

FDUDFWHUXO IRUPDWLY SULQ DFWLYLWDWHD GHSXV GH HOHY L XQHRUL FUHDWLY SULQ
YDORDUHDUH]XOWDWXOXLDFHVWHLDFWLYLW L

VWLPXODUHDPRWLYD LHLLQWHULRDUDHOHYXOXL

HYLGHQ LD] GLILFXOW LOH vQWkPSLQDWH vQ SURFHVXO GH UH]ROYDUH D VDUFLQLL GH
vQY DUHUHJOkQGVWUDWHJLDSURIHVRUXOXLGDULDHOHYXOXLvQVXL

YL]HD]SUHJWLUHDHOHYXOXLSHQWUX DXWRHGXFD LHSULQ VWSkQLUHD WHKQLFLORU GH

PXQFLQGHSHQGHQWLDPHWRGHORUVSHFLILFHLVWRULHLLWLLQ HORUVRFLDOH

UHVSHFWFXOWLY LQWHUHVXO HOHYXOXL SHQWUX FXQRDWHUH vQ JHQHUDO SHQWUX R

DQXPLWWHPDWLFvQVSHFLDO

DUHFDUDFWHUVWULFWLQGLYLGXDOL]DWGDUSHUPLWLHYDOXDUHDDFWLYLW LLHOHYXOXLFD
membru al unui colectiv (grup);

IDFLOLWHD]FRQH[LXQLLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUH

au caracter profund integrator.

2DOWPHWRGFRPSOHPHQWDUHVWHDXWRHYDOXDUHDSULQFDUHHOHYXOVHLPSOLFvQ
propria sa formare.
QOWXUkQG DUELWUDUXO GLQ SUDFWLFD IUHFYHQW D FHOXL H[DPLQDW Petoda permite
acestuia:

VFXQRDVFLVvQ HOHDJRELHFWLYHOHGHHYDOXDUHVWDELOLWHGHSURIHVRU
VFRPSDUHUH]XOWDWHOHRE LQXWHFXHVSHF LDvQY ULL
VLGHQWLILFHODFXQHOHLGLILFXOW LOHvQWkPSLQDWH
VLDVXPHGHFL]LDSHQWUXvQOWXUDUHDFDUHQ HORU
VFRRSHUH]HFXSURIHVRUXO

8WLOLWDWHD DFHVWRU PHWRGH DPSOLILFDW L SULQ SUHOXDUHD ORU GH PDQXDOHOH

DOWHUQDWLYHOHUHFRPDQGvQFLXGDFRPSOH[LW LLDERUGULLORU

68

$,19(67,*$,$
QVFULV vQWUH RELHFWLYHOH FDGUX DOH GLVFLSOLQHL LVWRULH LQYHVWLJD LD GH]YROW
capacitatea elevului de a investiga/ cerceta fapte istorice . De aceea, el va fi ajutat:
1. V H[HUVH]H WHKQLFLOH GH PXQF LQWHOHFWXDO L PHWRGD vQY ULL SULQ
descoperire;
2. VLQWHUSUHWH]HL]YRDUHOHLVWRULFHLVOHFRURERUH]H
3. VLFXOWLYHLQWHUHVXOSHQWUXFHUFHWDUH
4. V GHSULQG HWDSHOH SURLHFWULL XQHL LQYHVWLJD LL LVWRULFH $6WRLFD *KLG
general,1996, p. 66-67):

SUHFL]DUHDLGHQWLILFDUHDYDULDELOHORUWHUPHQLORUGHUHIHULQ 

FRQWUROXO YDULDELOHORU  DO FXQRWLQ HORU WHRUHWLFH SH FDUH VH

IXQGDPHQWHD]FHUFHWDUHD

DQDOL]DLLQWHUSUHWDUHDGDWHORUIXUQL]DWHGHVXUVDLVWRULF

IRUPXODUHDLSRWH]HORULFRQFOX]LLORULDUJXPHQWDUHDDFHVWRUD

SUHFL]DUHD VXUVHL GH HURUL SRVLELOH H[ LQFDSDFLWDWHD FRPXQLFULL

FHUFHWULLGLQOLSVDPDWHULDOXOXLHGLWLQHGLW

5. V L VH DVLJXUH UHVXUVHOH PDWHULDOH JUHX DFFHVLELOH H[ L]YRDUH LVWRULFH GH
PDUH vQWLQGHUH KU L L]YRDUH DUKHRORJLFH GDWH GHVSUH DXWRU vQ FD]XO
izvoarelor narative;
6. timpul de lucru: pe parcursul unei ore de curs sau succesiuni de ore.

Obiective generale

nivel I:

UHGDUHD XQRU GDWH IDSWH SURFHVH H[SOLFDUHD FDX]DOLW LL SHQWUX FXQRWLQ H
vQVXLWHDQWHULRU

XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW D OLPEDMXOXL GH VSHFLDOLWDWH L D WHKQLFLORU GH PXQF

LQWHOHFWXDO

SURLHFWDUHD JUDILF D FXQRWLQ HORU DQWHULRDUH WDEHOH VLQRSWLFH PRGHOH

VFKHPHUH]XOWDWHGLQPRGHODUHDLVWRULF

69

nivel II:

DOHJHUHD RUGRQDUHD L SUHOXFUDUHD LQGHSHQGHQW D FXQRWLQ HORU DQWHULRDUH

GXSORJLFDLVWRULFLVWUXFWXUDLQYHVWLJD LHLSURSXVH

FLWLUHD FRUHFW D L]YRUXOXL LVWRULF vQ HOHJHUHD WHUPHQLORU UHFXQRDWHUHD

OHJLW LORULGHQWLILFDUHDLQIRUPD LHLQRL

VHOHFWDUHDLQIRUPD LHLGLQ PDWHULDOXOGRFXPHQWDU L LQWHJUDUHD HL vQ VWUXFWXUD

LQYHVWLJD LHL

UHGDUHD UHOD LLORU LVWRULFH FRPSOH[H vQVXLWH DQWHULRU L LQWHJUDUHD ORU vQ

LQYHVWLJD LH

XWLOL]DUHDPRGDOLW LLGHUHSUH]HQWDUHJUDILFDGDWHORUvQVLWXD LLQRL

nivel III:

prelucrarea datelor - analiza materialului documentar; formularea ipotezelor

GHOXFUXLDFRQFOX]LLORU

FRUHODUHDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULGHQWLILFDUHDXQRUGDWHIXUQL]DWHGHVXUVHOHLVWRULFH
DSOLFDELOHvQDOWHWLLQ HLGHQWLILFDUHDXQRUDVSHFWHDOHDOWRUWLLQ HFDUHVXV LQ
LQYHVWLJD LDLVWRULF

SODQLILFDUHDXQRULQYHVWLJD LLSRUQLQGGHODDSUHFLHULVLWXD LLWHRUHWLFH

5HFRPDQGULSHQWUXSURLHFWDUHDLUHDOL]DUHDXQHLLQYHVWLJD LL
1. VILHDOHVHWHPHDWUDFWLYH
2. VILHFRRUGRQDWFXPXOWUEGDUHHIRUWXOHOHYLORU
VILHvQFXUDMDWGHPHUVXOUHDOL]ULLXQHLLQYHVWLJD LL
&DSDFLWDWHD GH LQYHVWLJD LH VH IRUPHD] L VH H[HUVHD] SULQ GLULMDUHD DFWLYLW LL
HOHYXOXLGHFWUHSURIHVRULVHGHPRQVWUHD]SULQPXQFDLQGHSHQGHQWDSULPXOXL
([HPSOHOHSURSXVHSHQWUXID]DPXQFLLGLULMDWHVHED]HD]SHSRHPXOHSLFCntecul
lui Roland 6WXGLXO LQWURGXFWLY L SUH]HQWDUHD SRHPXOXL SRW IL GDWH DQWHULRU OHF LHL
pentru abilitarea elevului cu textul1.

%RJLD L YDULHWDWHD LQIRUPDLHL LVWRULFH SHUPLWH YDORULILFDUHD VXSHULRDU D SRHPXOXL SULQ IRUPXODUHD XQHL
JDPH GLIHULWH GH LWHPL XWLOL]DELOL vQWUR HYDOXDUH FRQWLQXDSURIXQGDW D PDMRULWLL WHPHORU GH LVWRULH PHGLHYDO
XQLYHUVDO

70

Cntecul lui Roland2

Studiul introductiv
1. (VWH XQ SRHP HSLF IUDQFH] UHDOL]DW FD R FUHD LH FROHFWLY GH DXWRUL DQRQLPL vQ
VHF;,;,,SHED]DFkQWHFHORUGHYLWHMLHSRSXODUHLDFRQWULEX LHLWUXEDGXULORU
WUDQVPLVHSHFDOHRUDOvQFHSkQGGLQVHFROHOH9,,,,;
2. (VWHLQVSLUDWGLQSHULRDGDFDUROLQJLDQOD&DUROFHO0DUHIDFHRH[SHGL LHOD
6XGXO 3LULQHLORU FRQWUD DUDELORU 6DUDJRVD UH]LVW LDU OD vQWRDUFHUH DULHJDUGD
FRQGXVGH+UXRWODQG FRPLWHOH 0UFLL %UHWDQLDHVWHQLPLFLW OD 5RQFHYDX[ GH
PXQWHQLLEDVFLGHL+UXRWODQGHVWHDWHVWDWGHELRJUDIXOvPSUDWXOXL(JLQKDUGvQ
Vita Caroli, izvoarele istorice nu vorbesc despre revenirea lui Carol n acel
PRPHQW DO vQIUkQJHULL IUDQFLORU L QLFL GHVSUH QLPLFLUHD DGYHUVDUXOXL $ELD vQ
H[SHGL LLOHXOWHULRDUH&DURORFXSRUDHGLQ&DWDORQLD*HURQD%DUFHORQD
7RUWRVDVWDELOLQGvQWUH(EUXL3LULQHL0DUFD6SDQLHL
3. (VWHRIUHVFDPRGXOXLGHYLD LDPHQWDOLW LLQRELOLPLLGLQHSRFDGHapogeu a
UHOD LLORUYDVDOLFHLFDYDOHULVPXOXL
4. (VWHFRPSXVGLQYHUVXULvPSU LWHvQGHXQLW LQXPLWHOHVHQRWDWHFX
cifre romane.
5. %LEO %RGOHLQ 2[IRUG )RQG ',*%< 0V 'HYHQLW HGLW VXE VHPQWXUD
Francisque Michel, n 1837.3

Prezentarea poemului
Pentru a alunga victorioasele armate france din Spania, Califul Saragosei,
0DUVLO SUHIFkQGXVH F DFFHSW VXSXQHUHD WULPLWH VRO OD &DURO FHO 0DUH $FHVWD
LQHVIDWFXYDVDOLLVL
XIII

6HQLRULEDURQL]LVHPSUDWXOPLH
0DUVLOVWL LFPLDWULPLVVROLH
'LQEXQXOVXQHIDFHSDUWHPDUH
/HLXULSUHFXPLFkLQLGHYkQWRDUH
RLPLODRPLHLFPLOHPXOWH
Catri cu - aur arab vreo patru sute,
3HVWHFLQFL]HFLGHFDUHVQFUFP

3RHPH HSLFH DOH (YXOXL 0HGLX &kQWHFXO OXL 5RODQG &kQWHFXO &LGXOXL 3DUFLIDO %XFXUHWL (G WLLQLILF L
(QFLFORSHGLF 
3

Ibidem, p.8

71

'DUQHDFHUXWvQ)UDQ DVSOHFP
0DUVLOODPLQHDFDVYDYHQL
LOHJHDQRDVWUVIkQWYDSULPL
,DUFUHWLQDWYDVDOXOPHXYDIL
'DUWLXHXRDUHQVXIOHWFHRJkQGL"
6SXVHUIUDQFLL%LQHLVQHWHPHP4
8QLL LQFOXVLY 5RODQG QHSRW OXL &DURO VXV LQ FRQWLQXDUHD U]ERLXOXL vQ WLPS FH
DO LLvQWUH FDUH *DQHORQWDWO YLWUHJ DO DFHVWXLD L FXPQDWXO UHJHOXL YRU vQ HOHJHUHD
FX DUDELL 6H LPSXQH LGHD SFLL OD SURSXQHUHD OXL 5RODQG VLQJXUD DFFHSWDW GH
Carol. Ganelon duce solie de pace.
0LVLXQHD HUD IRDUWH SHULFXORDV FFL DO L VROL IUDQFL IXVHVHU XFLL GH DUDEL /D
SOHFDUH *DQHORQ MXU V VH U]EXQH SH 5RODQG $SRL VH DGUHVHD] OXL &DURO L
XOWHULRUYDVDOLORUVLFDUHGRUHDXVOvQVR HDVFvQPLVLXQH
XXIII

0GXFOD6DUDJRVDGDUWLXELQH
&FLQHSOHDFDFRORQXPDLYLQH
0LHVRD DVRUDWDRWLLDQXPH
LDPXQILXFXPQXHDOWXQOXPH
Este Baudouin, ce un viteaz va fi.
0RLDPHDHORYDPRWHQL
6ORFURWHWLHXQXOYRLPDLYHGHD5

XXVII

QGXOFHD)UDQ VHQLRULSOHFD L
3H%DXGRXLQFDUHPLHILXFXPWL L
9HVHQLRULVvORFURWL L6

'HLGHPQFXUDMRVLILGHOFkWWLPSSUH]HQWDVHPHVDMXOUHJDO*DQHORQXQHOWHWH
pedepsirea Lui Roland.
6SHFXOkQGXLVHQWLPHQWHOH0DUVLOvOvQWUHDE
XLIV

&LQVWLWHFRQWHDLSXWHDVPLVSXL
&XPSH5RODQGYDILVvOUSXi?7

*DQHORQ vL SUH]LQW SODQXO vQ WLPS FH &DURO SUVHD 6SDQLD vQFUH]WRU vQ
SURPLVLXQLOH GH VXSXQHUH DOH OXL 0DUVLO DUDELL DU WUHEXL V DWDFH DULHUJDUGD IUDQF
DIODWVXEFRQGXFHUHDOXL5RODQG
$VLJXUDWGH*DQHORQFYLFWRULLOHIUDQFLORULVHGDWRUHD]OXL5RODQGLSULHWHQLORU
VL0DUVLODFFHSW
4

Op. cit., p. 24
7 Ibidem, p. 25
6
Ibidem, p. 26
7
Ibidem, p. 32

72

$VWIHO *DQHORQ vL DGXFH OXL &DURO FKHLOH RUDXOXL 6DUDJRVD EXQXUL L RVWDWLFL FD
VHPQ DO EXQHORU LQWHQ LL DOH OXL 0DUVLO 7RWRGDW vO SURSXQH SH 5RODQG V SUHLD
FRQGXFHUHDDULHJU]LL
nainte de pleFDUHDVSUH)UDQ D
LXIII

&DUROSHQHSRWXOVXvOFKHDP
1HSRDWHGUDJ6LUHVLHLvQVHDP
-XPWDWHRDVWHHXv LODV
6WHDMXWHHDODJUHXLPSDV
5RODQGUVSXQVH1LFLQXPJkQGHVF
'HIDFDDHXQHDPXPLXPLOHVF
'LQFHLYLWHMLYUHDXGRX]HFLGHPLL
'XWHVSUHSRU LLOLQLWLWVIL
&kWHXWULHVFQXDLGHFHWHWHPH

LXIV

5RODQGDFXPSHFDOVDLVXLW
2OLYLHUHFXHOQHGHVSU LW
Arhiepiscopul Turpin: Nu voi lipsi!
,DU*DXWLHUGHO+XP$OWXUHDYRLIL
6XQWRPXOOXLLSOHFELQHvQ HOHV
2VWDLLPLLGRX]HFLHLDXDOHV

LXV

5RODQGFKHPSH*DXWLHUGHO+XP
2PLHIUDQFLGLQ)UDQ DQRDVWUYH]L
QWUHFWRULSHFXOPLVvLDH]L
6QDLEUHJHOHYUHRVWULFFLXQH
L*DXWLHU9DILFXPVSXLDQXPH8

3UHJWLULOHORUHUDXvQDLQWDWH
MaUVLOvQIUXQWHDXQHLRWLULXULDHHVWHJDWDGHDWDFvQGHILOHXOGHOD5RQFHYDX[
2OLYLHUvOVIWXLHWHSH5RODQG
LXXXIV

5RODQGSULHWHQHVXQQFRUQRGDW
$XGH&DUROPDUHDOXLDUPDW
LWR LEDURQLLVHvQWRUFvQGDW
5RODQGUVSXQGH'RDPQHDUILSFDW
'LQYLQDPHDVPLQHFLQVWHVFSULQ LL
)UDQ HLVLGDXUXLQHDXPLOLQ LL

LXXXVIII

Pentru senior i-e omului menit

6QGXUHUHOHFDOGRULIULJFXPSOLW

Ibidem, p. 38-39

73

6LSLDUGVkQJHOHLWUXSXOFKLDU
7XGFXODQFHDHXFX'XUHQGDO
&HPLGHWH&DUROVSDGDPHDFHDEXQ
'HPRURULFLQHYDSXWHDVVSXQ
&DIRVWVSDGDXQXLEXQYDVDO
5RODQGHEUDY2OLYLHUvQ HOHSW9
$UKLHSLVFRSXO G ELQHFXYkQWDUHD DUPDWHL LDU 5RODQG R vPEUEWHD] ILLQG
FRQYLQVGHRE LQHUHDXQHLPDULYLFWRULL
CXI

Cu sete mare francii au lovit

0XO LPHGHSJkQLDXSUSGLW
'RLQDXUPDVGLQVXWDFHDGHPLL
7XUSLQ2FkWGHEUDYLDLQRWULVXQW
1XLUHJHVDLEDO LLSHSPkQW
LHVWHVFULVvQ*HVWD)UDQFLORU
&vPSUDWXOQRVWUXLXQYLWHD]

CXIII

0DUVLOSUSGXODORUVLvOYHGH
&HUXVVXQHFRUQLWURPSHWH
$SRL0DUVLOFXRDVWHDVDSRUQHWH
QIUXQWHH$ELVPHSHFDOXOVX
'LQWR LSJkQLLHVWHFHOPDLUX
3OLQGHSFDWHPDUHWLFORV
1XFUHGHvQ0RULFLQ&KULVWRV
LOXL7XUSLQGHORFQXLHVWHGUDJ
'HFXPvOYHGHVOORYHDVFLYLQH
LLVSXQHQFHWDDFDSHQWUXVLQH
E un eretic, un necredincios.
De l ucid va fi mai de folos.10

/XSWD VH UHLD 7XUSLQ vO XFLGH SH $ELVPH GDU vQFUkQFHQDUHD VSRUHWH &kQG
FRQVWDWGHFLPDUHDIUDQFLORU5RODQG]LFH
CXXX

(EWOLDQRDVWUIRDUWHFUXG
(XVXQGLQFRUQL&DURORVDXG
2OLYLHU1XLIDSWGHEDURQ
Cnd te-am rugat n-ai vrut s-o suni din corn.
'HUHJHOHYHQHDHUDPVFSD L

Ibidem, p. 47-48
Ibidem, p. 55-56

10

74

&HLFDUHVXQWDLFLQXVYLQRYD L
CXXXII

7XUSLQDDURVWLQQ
De suni din corn nu ne va folosi
QVGHVXQLRULFXPPDLELQHRIL
&DUROQHRU]EXQDFXRWLUHDWRDW
6QXVHEXFXUHSJkQDJORDW11

LXLI

6ILHXQFDYDOHUGUHSWVHFXYLQH
&kQGDUHFDOXOEXQLHQDUPDW
6VHDUDWHPkQGUXQHvQIULFDW
$OWIHOQXSUH XLHWHRSDUD12

5PDVXOWLPXOSULQWUHDLVLUSXVGHQHQXPUDWHORYLWXUL5RODQGJkQGHDDVWIHO
despre spada sa Durendal:
CLXXIII

6IkQWIUXPRDVHWLURVWLILHUELQWH
0kQHUXOWXHSOLQGHPRDWHVILQWH
Carol cel Mare se afla-n Moriana
Cnd printr-un nger Domnul l vesti
&DXQXLFRQWHGHDLVLYHLIL
&XWLQHPSUDWXOPDvQFLQV
L$QMRXXOL%UHWDQLDDPvQYLQV
Am cucerit Poitou-l, Maina am luat;
Normandia de-a-ntregul s-a predat,
3URYHQ D$TXLWDQLDF]kQG
/RPEDUGLDL5RPDJQLDODUkQG
$SRL%DYDULDL)ODQGUDQOXSWHJUHOH
Constantinopolul i s-a smerit,
6D[RQLDFHQSOLQDVWSkQLW
,VODQGD6FR LDDPOXDWODIHO
L(QJOLWHUDXQGHDYHDFDVWHO
'HVSDGDDVWDJUHXLDPDUPLHPLH
1RODVSJkQLORUVPRUPDLELQH
)HUHWH'RDPQH)UDQ DGHUXLQH13

n cuUkQG5RODQGPRDUH5HYHQLWOD5RQFHYDX[&DUROXUPUHWHRDVWHDDUDE
FDUHvQFLXGDvQWULULORUSULPLWHHVWHQLPLFLW
11

Ibidem, p. 57-58
Ibidem, p.62
13
Ibidem, p. 69
12

75

0DUVLOSLHUHvQOXSWLDUVR LDVD%UDPLGRQDDMXQVRVWDWLFDFFHSWvQWLPSV
VHFUHWLQH]H
CCLXVIII

'LQ6SDQLDOD$L[H&DUROLDU
QORFXOFHOPDLPLQXQDWGLQ DU
6HXUFvQSDODWvQVDODPDUH

CCLXXI

/D6kQW6LOYHVWUXQPDUHVUEWRDUHQQ
$FRORPXO LYDVDOLHODFKHPDW
6SUHDMXGHFDSH*DQHORQFDUHDWUGDW14

CCLXXIII

6W*DQHORQGHID vQSLFLRDUH
(VWHYRLQLFLFKLSXOPkQGUXDUH
&DXQEDURQGHQXDUILWUGDW
6SUHMX]LLIUDQFLSULYLUHDLDQGUHSWDW
Treizeci de rude i sunt ajutoare.
3ULQVHVVWULJHvQVSUHDGXQDUH
0DPU]EXQDWGDUQDPWUGDWWL LELQH
5VSXQVHUEDURQLL6IDWYRP LQH

CCLXXV

L]LFHXQXO+DLVWHUPLQP
2ULFHSURFHV3H&DUROVOUXJP
3H*DQHORQVOLHUWHGHDVWGDW
LFUHGLQFLRVHOILYDLYLD DWRDW
Roland e mort, nimic nu-l mai nvie15

Aflnd decizia baronilor,

CCLXXVII

5VSXQGH&DURO9GHXPD LWUdat.
9]kQGGHWR LFLSUVLW
QFOLQFDSXOvQVSUHMRVPkKQLW
Nefericit sunt, zise pentru sine.
'DULDWFVSUHHOXQQRELOYLQH

(VWH7KLHUU\ FDUH SDUWLFLSDVH OD VIDW L FRQYLQV GH WUGDUHD OXL *DQHORQ vL FHUH
SHGHDSVDFDSLWDO
CCLXXVIII

De altfel crede vreun neam al lui

(XVSDGDPHDGUHSWFKH]LHSXQ
QMXGHFDWID GHRULFLQH16

14

Ibidem, p. 75
Ibidem, p. 76
16
Ibidem, p. 77
15

76

QDSUDUHDOXL*DQHORQYLQH3LQDEHOLDUFHOHWUHL]HFLGHUXGHLPSOLFDWHGHMDFD
PDUWRULvQSURFHVVHSXQFKH]DLOD&DUROSHGXUDWDGHVIXUULGXHOXOXL
'XS R VOXME UHOLJLRDV L GDQLL GHSXVH %LVHULFLL GH DPELL FRPEDWDQ L GXHOXO
vQFHSH Q VFKLPEXO VXV LQHULL OXL *DQHORQ OD UHJH 3LQDEHO vL RIHU YDVDOLWDWHD
7KLHUU\UVSXQGH
CCLXXXIII

9RUEQXSRDWHIL
'HWHDVFXOWUXLQHvPLYDIL
'UHSWDWHIDF'RPQXOvQWUHQRL

&kQGGXSPXOWHIRUW7KLHUU\vOXFLGHvQOXSWSH3LQDEHO
CCLXXXVI

)UDQFH]LLVSXQ(VIkQWDMXGHFDW
,DU*DQHORQVILHVSkQ]XUDW
&XUXGHOHFHDOWXUHDLDXVWDW17

&DUROvOvPEU LHD]SH7KLHUU\LLWHUJHUQLOHFXPDQWLDVD
CCLXXXVIII

/D&DUROFRQ LLGXFLVXQWDGXQD L

&HIDFHPQRLFXFHLvQWHPQL D L
/DMXGHFDWSHQWUX*DQHORQYHQL L"
&KH]DLVXQWSHQWUX3LQDEHOFXPWL L
LIUDQFLL7R LVPRDULPHGLDW
7UHL]HFLHUDXPXULUVSkQ]XUD L
&HOFHWUGHD]LSHDLOXLvLSLHUGH18
*DQHORQ HVWH SHGHSVLW SHQWUX WUGDUH HVWH OHJDW GH GRL DUPVDUL FDUH vQ JRDQ vL
VIkUWHFWUXSXO)FkQGXVHGUHSWDWH5RODQGHVWHU]EXQDW
CCXCI

17
18

LFkQGGUHSWDWHD&DURORIFXVH
,DUVXSUDUHDPDUHvLWUHFXVH
&kQG%UDPLGRQDHUDFUHWLQDW
=LXDWUHFXVHQQRDSWHQWXQHFDW
QFDPHUDEROWLWDGRUPLVH
&kQG6IkQWXO*DEULHOYHQLLL]LVH
&DUROULGLF LRWLOHLQGDW
3WUXQGHQ%LUDFXSXWHUHD LWRDW
6OVFDSLSH9LYLHQFHLVWUkPWRUDW
LGHSJkQLOD,PIDPSUHVXUDW
7HFHUFUHWLQLLPHUJLFXRDVWHDWD
$VFXOW&DUROGDUSDUFQDUYUHD
'RDPQHvL]LVHJUHDPDLPLHVWHYLD D
LVPXOJHEDUEDSOkQVXLXPSOHID D

Ibidem, p. 79-80
Ibidem, p.81

77

$LFLVIkUHWHJHVWDOXL7XUROG19.

([HPSOHGHLQYHVWLJD LLvQIXQF LHGHFRPSOH[LWDWHDDFHVWRUD

1.
Obiective de evaluat
Elevul va fi capabil:
VDSOLFHUHOD LDVX]HUDQRYDVDOLFODSHUVRQDMHOHSRHPXOXL
VH[SOLFHXWLOL]DUHDWHUPHQXOXLEDURQ
VUHGDFWH]HFRQVWUXLDVFXQWDEHOVLQRSWLF20
Clasa a IX-a
(QXQ  &RQVWUXL L VFKHPD LHUDUKLHL IHXGDORYDVDOLFH IUDQFH SULQ FDUe personajele
poemului Cntecul lui RolandHYRFHSRFDOXL&DUROFHO0DUH
3RUQLQG GH OD VWXGLXO LQWURGXFWLY L SUH]HQWDUHD SRHPXOXL UVSXQGH L
FHULQ HORU
1. QVFULH L vQWUXQ WDEHO FX UXEULFLOH senior-vasal QXPHOH ILHFUXL SHUVRQDM FX WLWOXO
VX QRELOLDU VSHFLILF HSRFLL FDUROLQJLHQH vPSUHXQ FX QXPHOH L WLWOXO QRELOLDU DO
personajului cu care face pereche prin acest statut.
2. $GXJD L SHUVRQDMHOH FROHFWLYH GLQ OHVHOH XXVII L CCLXXXVIII, introducndu-le
vQ WDEHO FX VWDWXWXO ORU vQ LHUDUKLD IHXGDORYDVDOLF FX WLWOXO GH QREOH H VSHFLILF
epocii carolingiene.
3. QVFULH LvQWDEHOSHPLQRUXO%DXGRXLQDOFUXLORF*DQHORQvOWUDQVPLWHHUHGLWDUvQ
cadrul ierarhiei.
4. ([SOLFD L VXSUDSXQHUHD WHUPLQRORJLHL QRELOLDUH FDUROLQJLHQH FX WLWOXO JHQHULF GH
baron (exemplu: lesele XLIV - CCLXXIII; lesele CXXX CLXXIII; lesele
CCLXXIII CCLXXXVIII).
5. &RQVWUXL L VFKHPD LHUDUKLHL IHXGDORYDVDOLFH IUDQFH FX DMXWRUXO SHUVRQDMHORU
LQGLYLGXDOHLFROHFWLYHvQVR LQGXOHQXPHOHLGHWLWOXO GH QREOH H VSHFLILF HSRFLL
carolingiene, cu care apar n poem.
Schema de notare
3HQWUXFHULQ HOHVHDFRUGXUPWRUXOSXQFWDM
19

Ibidem, p. 82

20

6H DGDXJ RELHFWLYHOH FH GHFXUJ GLQ PDWULFHD LQYHVWLJDLLORU DFFHQWXkQG VHFYHQD REVHUYULL L LQYHVWLJULL

datelor.

78

 cte 3 puncte pentru fiecare pereche senior-vasal (33 p.)

FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHPHQ LRQDUHDWLWOXOXLGHFRQWHGDWOXL5RODQGLOXL
Ganelon
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDWLWOXOXLGHUHJHGH LQXWGH&DURO
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOSUHOXDUHDXQXL WHUPHQ VSHFLILF SHULRDGHL vQ FDUH
VD VFULV SRHPXO L DSOLFDUHD OXL vQWUR HSRF LVWRULF DQWHULRDU 6H SXQFWHD]
RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
 &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH DPSODVDUH FRUHFW vQ JUDILF D UHOD LHL IHXGDOR
vasalice (33 p.).
FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX WUDQVFULHUHD WLWOXOXL GH FRQWH GH LQXW GH 5RODQG L
Ganelon
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDWLWOXOXLGHUHJHGH LQXWGH&DUROFHO0DUH
Carol cel Mare - rege

duci
FRQL

lesa
CCLXXXVIII

Roland
conte

Olivier

Turpin

Thierry

Pinabel

Gautier de lHum

Ganelon
conte

Baudouin

seniori
lesa XXIII

10 puncte din oficiu

Total: 100 puncte

2.
Obiective de evaluat
Elevul va fi capabil:
VUHFXQRDVFFRQGL LLOHGH LQHULLEHQHILFLXOXLIHXGXOXLvQVHFROHOH9,,,
,;L;,;,,
VH[SOLFHPRWLYHOHWUDQVPLWHULLOXLHUHGLWDUH

79

VGHGXFRFRQGL LHSHQWUXGDWDUHDFRUHFWDSRHPXOXL21
Clasa a IX-a
(QXQ  (ODERUD L R LQYHVWLJD LH FX WHPD 7UDQVPLWHUHD HUHGLWDU D EHQHIL
FLXOXLIHXGXOXLLSRVLELOLW LGHGDWDUHDSRHPXOXLCntecul lui Roland
3RUQLQGGHODVWXGLXOLQWURGXFWLYLSUH]HQWDUHDSRHPXOXLUVSXQGH LFHULQ HORU
1. 7UDQVFULH L YHUVXO FDUH H[SULP WUDQVPLWHUHD HUHGLWDU D EHQHILFLXOXLD
feudului, ntr-un stat unde se impusese dreptul patrimonial regal.
2. 3UHFL]D L L H[SOLFD L FRQWH[WXO FDUH SRDWH SODVD SURFHVXO GH WUDQVPLWHUH
HUHGLWDUDEHQHILFLXOXLIHXGXOXLODvQFHSXWXULOHVDOHvQVHFROXODO,;OHD
SAU
([SOLFD L PRWLYXO SHQWUX FDUH *DQHORQ vQFHDUF V LPSXQ WUDQVPLWHUHD
HUHGLWDUDEHQHILFLXOXLIHXGXOXL
3. 3UHFL]D L L H[SOLFD L FRQWH[WXO FDUH SRDWH SODVD SURFHVXO GH WUDQVPLWHUH
HUHGLWDUHDIHXGXOXLvQWRDWDPSORDUHDGHVIXUULLVDOHvQFDGUXOPRQDUKLHL
senioriale.
SAU
([SOLFD LXQPRWLYSHQWUXFDUH*DQHORQHUDFRQYLQVFIHXGXOYDILWUDQVPLV
ereditar.
4. &RPSOHWD LWH[WXOSUH]HQWDWPDLVXVFXRLQIRUPD LHGHVSUHEHQHILFLXFDUHDU
permite datarea poemului n epoca lui Carol cel Mare (secolele VIII-IX).
SAU
6WDELOL L LGHQWLWDWHD SHUVRDQHL FUHLD vL UHYHQHD EHQHILFLXO GXS WUGDUHD OXL
Ganelon, ceea ce ar facilita datarea poemului n epoca lui Carol cel Mare
(secolele VIII-IX).
5. &RPSOHWD L WH[WXO SUH]HQWDW PDL VXV FX LQIRUPD LD GHVSUH IHXG FDUH DU
permite datarea poemului n timpul monarhiei senioriale, cnd acesta a fost
definitivat (secolele XI-XII).
SAU
6WDELOL L LGHQWLWDWHD SHUVRDQHL FUHLD LDU IL UHYHQLW IHXGXO GDF SRHPXO DU
H[SULPDRUHDOLWDWHDVHFROHORU;,;,,VSHFLILFPRQDUKLHLVHQLRULDOHvQFDUH
acesta a fost definitivat.
6. 3UHFL]D LRFRQGL LHLPSXVFHOXLFHGRUHWHVVWDELOHDVFVHFROXOvQFDUHDX
loc faptele prezentate de poem.
21

6H DGDXJ RELHFWLYHOH FH GHFXUJ GLQ PDWULFHD LQYHVWLJDLHL DFRUGkQG R SRQGHUH VSRULW DQDOL]HL L SUHOXFUULL

datelor

80

Schema de notare:
1. SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO0RLDPHDHORYDPRWHQL
2. SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOGLVFX LDOXL*DQHORQFX&DURO
 SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH SOHFDUHD OXL *DQHORQ vQWUR
PLVLXQH ULVFDQW QHFHVLWDWHD DVLJXUULL YLLWRUXOXL ILXOXL VX 6H SXQFWHD]
RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
SAU
 SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH SOHFDUHD OXL *DQHORQ vQWUR
PLVLXQH ULVFDQW QHFHVLWDWHD DVLJXUULL YLLWRUXOXL ILXOXL VX 6H SXQFWHD]
RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
3.  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH GLVFX LD OXL *DQHORQ FX &DURO
GLVFX LDOXL*DQHORQFXYDVDOLLVL
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHPRLHSRVHVLXQHHUHGLWDUD
IHXGXOXLVWSkQLUH UHDO HUHGLWDU LQYRFDUHD XQHL FDOLW L SHQWUX FDUH RULFH
YDVDOFDYDOHU vL PHULW IHXGXO VSHUDQ D vQ FDOLW LOH YDVDOLFHFDYDOHUHWL DOH
ILXOXLVXFRQGL LHDVWSkQLULLIHXGXOXLLQYRFDUHDVWDWXOXLGHVHQLRUSHFDUH
%DXGRXLQvODYHDID GHYDVDOLWDWOXLVXWUDQVPLWHUHDHUHGLWDUDORFXOXLvQ
LHUDUKLD IHXGDORYDVDOLF SUHVXSXQHD WUDQVPLWHUHD HUHGLWDU D IHXGXOXL 6H
SXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
SAU
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHH[SOLFD LLOHGHPDLVXV
4.  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH DFRUGDUHD EHQHILFLXOXL FX WLWOXO
YLDJHU OXL *DQHORQ SUHOXDUHD EHQHILFLXOXL IHORQXOXL GH FWUH &DURO 6H
SXQFWHD] RULFH IRUPXODUH FX DFHODL VHQV VDX RULFH UVSXQV FRUHFW GLQ
punct de vedere istoric.
SAU
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO&DUROFHO0DUH
5. SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOSUHOXDUHDIHXGXOXLGHFWUH%DXGRXLQ
SAU
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO%DXGRXLQ
6.  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH SDUFXUJHUHD vQWUHJXOXL SRHP
YHULILFDUHDWUDGXFHULLGLQOLPEDIUDQFH]
10 puncte din oficiu
TOTAL: 100 de puncte

81

Q VLWXD LD vQ FDUH SURIHVRUXO HVWe mai interesat de evaluarea n ansamblu a
LQYHVWLJD LHLGHFkWGHDSUHFLHUHDILHFUXLHOHPHQWDDFXPDPSUH]HQWDWH[HPSOHOH
DQWHULRDUHVHSDWHUHDOL]DRVFKHPGHQRWDUHKROLVWLF

68*(67,,3(17586&+(0$'(127$5(+2/,67,&$81(,
,19(67,*$,,
nivelul I:

LQVXILFLHQWDVWSkQLUHDOLPEDMXOXLGHVSHFLDOLWDWHUHGDUHDGLQPHPRULH
D FXQRWLQ HORU WHRUHWLFH SUHVXSXVH GH WHPD LQYHVWLJD LHL UHGDFWDUHD
XQRU JUDILFH SHQWUX FXQRWLQ HOH DQWHULRDUH VHOHFWDUHD XQRU LQIRUPD LL
GLQ L]YRUXO LVWRULF IU OHJWXU FX VWUXFWXUD LQYHVWLJD LHL DUJXPHQWDUH
IRUPDOOLSVDXQRURSLQLLSHUVRQDOH

nivelul II:

XWLOL]DUHD XQRU FXQRWLQ H WHRUHWLFH SUHVXSXVH GH WHPD LQYHVWLJD LHL
VHOHFWDUHD LQIRUPD LHL RIHULWH GH L]YRUXO LVWRULF FRQIRUP WHPHL SURSXVH
DUJXPHQWDUHD SDU LDO D LSRWH]HORU IRUPXODUHD XQRU RSLQLL SHUVRQDOH
GDULQVXILFLHQWGHFODUHFRQWXUDWHWUDWDUHUHODWLYVLPSOLVWIRORVLUHDXQXL
OLPEDMWLLQ LILFFRUHFWGDUFXPLFLGHILFLHQ H

nivelul III:

DQDOL]D FRPSOHW D GDWHORU DUJXPHQWDUHD ORU FRUHFW IRUPXODUHD GH

RSLQLLSHUVRQDOHLDXQRUFRQFOX]LLRULJLQDOHUHDOL]DUHDLQYHVWLJD LHLSULQ
PXQFLQGHSHQGHQWSURLHFWDUHDXQHLLQYHVWLJD LLIRORVLUHDXQXLOLPEDM
DGHFYDWH[SULPDUHFODUFRQYLQJWRDUH

82

B.PROIECTUL
&D PHWRG GH HYDOXDUH SURLHFWXO FXSULQGH R SDUWH WHRUHWLF L R DOWD
H[SHULPHQWDO $YkQG vQ YHGHUH VSHFLILFXO GLVFLSOLQHL XQGH SDUWHD H[SHULPHQWDO
HVWHUHGXVSURLHFWXOvPEUDFIRUPDreferatului.
$ELOLW LOHIRUPDWHLH[HUVDWHSULQLQYHVWLJD LHFDLSULQLWHPLLFXUVSXQVGHVFKLV
se mplinesc cu deprinderea elevului de a redacta un referat. Spre deosebire de
HVHX DLFL DFFHQWXO WUHEXLH SXV SH FDSDFLWDWHD GH D VHOHF LRQD LQIRUPD LD GH D VH
UHIHUL OD WHP OVkQG vQ SODQ VHFXQG FUHDWLYLWDWHD OXL 'HVLJXU VH YD vQFXUDMD
IRUPDUHDLH[SULPDUHDRSLQLHLSHUVRQDOHvQOHJWXUFXL]YRDUHOHLVWRULFHLOXFUULOH
de specialitate cercetate.
6WXGLLOH GH FD] L OHF LLOH GH VLQWH] SUHY]XWH vQ &XUULFXOXPXO FRODU SHQWUX
istorieRIHUFDGUXOSURSLFHDOSUH]HQWULLLVXV LQHULL GH UHIHUDWH FRODUH 'H DFHHD
elevul va fi ndrumat:
1. VXWLOL]H]HWHKQLFLGHPXQFLQWHOHFWXDO
2. VLQWHUSUHWH]HLVFRURERUH]HL]YRDUHOHLVWRULFH
3. VSDUFXUJHWDSHOHUHDOL]ULLXQHLOXFUULWLLQ LILFH

DOHJHUHDWHPHLFRQIRUPLQWHUHVXOXLSHUVRQDOVDXDLPSRUWDQ HLVDOH

redactarea planului preliminar;

VHOHFWDUHD OLVWHL ELEOLRJUDILFH L VWXGLHUHD XQRU OXFUUL GH VLQWH] GH

VSHFLDOLWDWHLDL]YRDUHORULVWRULFH

PRGLILFDUHD SODQXOXL LQL LDO vQ FRQGL LLOH LPSXVH GH GRFXPHQWDUH DSDUL LD
XQHLSUREOHPHLQHGLWHDEVHQ DXQRUUHVXUVHPDWHULDOHSHQWUXRSUREOHP

UHGDFWDUHD OXFUULL FRQIRUP QRXOXL SODQ YD DYHD vQ YHGHUH YDORULILFDUHD
PDWHULDOHORULQHGLWHUHOLHIDUHDXQRURSLQLLSHUVRQDOHLDUJXPHQWDUHDORU

ntocmirea concluziilor, a listei bibliografice, a anexelor (tabel sinoptic,

glosar de termeni istorici, material vizual);

UHGDFWDUHDLQWURGXFHULLFXSUH]HQWDUHDREOLJDWRULHDLPSRUWDQ HLXWLOLW LL

WHPHL D FRQWULEX LLORU SHUVRQDOH L D SUREOHPHORU FDUH QX DX IRVW vQF
VROX LRQDWHLPRWLYXOvQWUHUXSHULLFHUFHWULL

4. VILHPRWLYDWvQUHGDFWDUHDXQHLOXFUULSHUVRQDOH
5. VH[HUVDUHDPRGXOGHHODERUDUHDXQXLUHIHUDW
6. VVXV LQUHIHUDWXODYkQGvQYHGHUH22:

22

HVHQ LDOL]DUHDWHPHL
argumentarea ideilor

6WHOLDQD 1LVWRUHVFX &UXFHUX 6WHOLDQD 7RPD 3UHJWLUHD HOHYLORU SHQWUX DXWRHGXFDLH 7LS %XFXUHWL  S

125

83

VXEOLQLHUHDFRQWULEX LHLSHUVRQDOH

expozeul concis, clar, sistematic.

(YDOXDUHD XQXL UHIHUDW VH SRDWH UHDOL]D SH PDL PXOWH QLYHOH vQ IXQF LH GH
FDSDFLW LOHHOHYLORU)LHFDUHQLYHOSUHVXSXQHDQXPLWHRELHFWLYHGHHYDOXDUH
Obiective de evaluare ale unui referat
nivel I

utilizarea limbajului de specialitate

SODVDUHDvQWLPSLVSD LXDHYHQLPHQWHORUSURFHVHORULVWRULFH
UHGDUHDXQRUGDWHOHJLW LH[SOLFDUHDXQRUSUREOHPHvQVXLWHDQWHULRU
LQWHJUDUHDLQIRUPD LHLGLQL]YRUXOLVWRULFVDXOXFUULGHVSHFLDOLWDWHIU
prelucrare
realizarea proiectului pe baza planului primit de la profesor realizarea
listei bibliografice

nivel II

proiectarea referatului
selectarea bibliografiei
VHOHFWDUHDLQIRUPD LHLGLQL]YRUXOLVWRULFLLQWHJUDUHDHLFRQIRUPORJLFLL
LVWRULFHvQWHPLOXFUULOHGHVSHFLDOLWDWH
DQDOL]DFULWLFDLQIRUPD LHLGLQL]YRUVDXOXFUULGHVSHFLDOLWDWH

nivel III analiza proceselor/ faptelor istorice

ierarhizarea cauzelor
HYLGHQ LHUHDFRQVHFLQ HORU
RUGRQDUHDORJLFDLGHLORU
IRUPXODUHDRSLQLLORUSHUVRQDOHLFRQFOX]LLORU
realizarea tabelului sinoptic, glosarului, aparatului critic, introducerii
originalitatea expunerii
RULJLQDOLWDWHDFRQFHS LHL
claritatea stilului

84

68*(67,,3(1758352,(&7$5($(9$/85,,
GLULMDW

1.

)D]D GH PXQF
LQGHSHQGHQW

15-25%

5-10%

20-30%
35%
15%
5%

Activitatea
elevului

20%
30%
15%
5%

Faza de redactare

HODERUDUHD SODQXOXL L

identificarea bibliografiei
2. respectarea planului dat de
profesor
3. documentarea
4. redactarea referatului
5. prelucrarea datelor
6. prezentarea referatului

([HPSOHOH SURSXVH SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH ID]HOH PRQLWRUL]DW GH PXQF

LQGHSHQGHQW vQ YHGHUHD HODERUULL L VXV LQHULL XQXL UHIHUDW YDORULILF VWXGLXO
LQWURGXFWLY L SUH]HQWDUHD SRHPXOXL Cntecul lui Roland LQFOXVLY LQYHVWLJD LLOH
prezentate anterior.
A. &DSDFLWDWHDGHDHODERUDUDLVXV LQHXQUHIHUDW
Obiective de evaluat
Elevul va fi capabil:
V DQDOL]H]H L V MXVWLILFH UROXO XQXL L]YRU QDUDWLY vQ FXQRDWHUHD
istoriei;
VDUJXPHQWH]HRELHFWLYLWDWHDLHURULOHDXWRUXOXL23
Clasa a IX-a
(QXQ  (ODERUD LUHIHUDWXOFXWHPD&kQWHFXOOXL5RODQGL]YRULVWRULF9H LDYHa n
YHGHUHXUPWRUXOSODQ
RULJLQHDLUHGDFWDUHDSRHPXOXL
LQIRUPD LLFRQILUPDWHGHLVWRULHSHQWUXILHFDUHGLQWUHXUPWRDUHOHDVSHFWH
,PSHULXO &DUROLQJLDQ LGHRORJLH SROLWLF LQWHUQ UHFXQRDWHUH
LQWHUQD LRQDOFDSLWDO
ntinderea Imperiului Carolingian
UROXOOXL5RODQGvQSROLWLFDLQWHUQH[WHUQDVWDWXOXL
structuri sociale
HFXPHQLVPXOFUHWLQ
23

6H DGDXJ RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH DOH UHIHUDWXOXL

85

 djihadul islamic
LQIRUPD LLQHFRQILUPDWHWLLQ LILFLH[SOLFDUHDH[LVWHQ HLORU
LPSRUWDQ DGDWHORUGHVSUHDXWRU
UROXOSRHPXOXLvQFXQRDWHUHDLVWRULHL
9H LXWLOL]DXUPWRDUHDELEOLRJUDILH
1. Izvoare istorice
Cntecul lui Roland
harta Europa n secolele V XI
RULFHL]YRDUHDIHUHQWHWHPHLGLQPDQXDOXOvQX]ODFODV
2. /XFUULGHVLQWH]
Bernstein Serge, Milza Pierre, Istoria Europei, de la Imperiul Roman la
Europa (secolele V XIV)YRO,,,QVWLWXWXO(XURSHDQ,DL
PDQXDOXOvQX]ODFODV
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
,QIRUPD LDLVWRULF 60 puncte

FkWHSXQFWSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDRULFURUGRXHWDSHDOHHODERUULLSRHPXOXL

FkWHSXQFWSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDRULFUHLLQIRUPD LLGLQSRHPYDOLGDWQHYDOLGDW

de istorie

FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXH[SOLFDUHDDQDOL]DUHDILHFUHLLQIRUPD LLVHOHFWDWH
Exemple: RULFH FRUHOD LH vQWUH DSUHFLHUHD RUDXOXL $L[$DFKHQ FD ORFXO FHO PDL
PLQXQDW GLQ DU FX VWDWXWXO VX GH FDSLWDO DQH[DUHD %DYDULHL OD
Imperiul Caroligian abia din 787 788.

FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHVXELHFWLYLVPXOLQVXILFLHQWD
FXQRDWHUH D HSRFLL &DUROLQJLHQH GH FWUH DXWRUL KLSHUEROL]DUHD HURLVPXOXL OXL
5RODQGDO IUDQFLORU KLSHUEROL]DUHD LPDJLQLL OXL &DURO FHO 0DUH GH DSUWRU DO
FUHWLQLVPXOXLGH VWSkQ D WRW SXWHUQLF DO 2FFLGHQWXOXL L &HQWUXOXL (XURSHL 6H
SXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV

FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH VWDELOLUHD RELHFWLYLW LL

autorului/a gradului de implicare n evenimente a autorului/a gradului de
FXQRDWHUHDHYHQLPHQWHORU6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV

FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH UHIOHFWDUHD

DGHYUXOXL LVWRULF FUHDUHD XQHL LPDJLQL GH DQVDPEOX DVXSUD VRFLHW LLHSRFLL
VSRULUHDDFFHVLELOLW LLOHFWXULLSULQXWLOL]DUHDXQRUPLMORDFHOLWHUDUH6HSXQFWHD]

86

RULFHLGHHOHJDWGHUROXOGHL]YRULVWRULFDOXQHLVXUVHOLWHUDUHLYDOHQ HOHOLWHUDUH
ale unui izvor istoric.

2 puncte pentru respectarea planului.

Forma referatului 15 puncte

3 puncte pentru utilizarea unui limbaj istoric
3 puncte pentru respectarea ordinii cronologice
SXQFWHSHQWUXSUH]HQWDUHDORJLFDLGHLORU
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULJLQDOLWDWHDH[SXQHULLL claritatea stilului
3 puncte pentru structurarea textului
Anexele referatului - 10 puncte
SXQFWHSHQWUXDUJXPHQWDUHDLPSRUWDQ HLWHPHLvQLQWURGXFHUH
4 puncte pentru realizarea aparatului critic
3 puncte pentru redactarea listei bibliografice pe cULWHULL WLLQ LILFH RUGRQDUHD
DOIDEHWLFDL]YRDUHORULVWRULFHLDOXFUULORUXWLOL]DWHGHHOHYL
Prezentarea referatului 5 puncte
SXQFWSHQWUXHVHQ LDOL]DUHDWHPHL
1 punct pentru argumentarea ideilor
1 punct pentru claritatea expunerii orale
1 pXQFWSHQWUXVXEOLQLHUHDFRQWULEX LHLSHUVRQDOH
1 punct pentru ncadrarea n timp
10 puncte din oficiu
TOTAL 100 puncte
B. )D]DGHPXQFLQGHSHQGHQWvQUHDOL]DUHDUHIHUDWXOXL
Obiective de evaluat
Elevul va fi capabil:
VGHILQHDVFQR LXQLLVWRULFH
VGHVFULHRMXGHFDWYDVDOLFLRFXWXPDMXVWL LHLPHGLHYDOH
VDUJXPHQWH]HDFFHSWDUHDGXHOXOXLMXGLFLDU

87

VUHGDFWH]HXQJORVDUGHWHUPHQLLVWRULFL24
Clasa a IX-a
(QXQ  (ODERUD L XQ UHIHUDW FX WLWOXO -XGHFDWD YDVDOLF L SRHPXO Cntecul lui
RolandLXQJORVDUFXDOWHFLQFLFXWXPHDOHMXVWL LHLPHGLHYDOH25.
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
(ODERUDUHDSODQXOXLGHFWUHHOHY 15 puncte
,QIRUPD LDLVWRULF 40 puncte
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDVIDWYDVDOLFRUJDQGHMXGHFDW
2 punctHSHQWUXFRQYRFDUHDVIDWXOXLGHFWUHUHJHOH&DUROFHO0DUH
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXLQIRUPD LLGHVSUHMXGHFDWDYDVDOLF
2 puncte pentru definirea duelului judiciar
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXGRYH]LDOHFDUDFWHUXOXLUHOLJLRVDOSUREHL
2 puncte pentru rezultatul duelului
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHDWLWXGLQHDVIDWXOXLYDVDOLFID GHUH]XOWDWXOGXHOXOXL
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXPRWLYHDOHDFFHSWULLGXHOXOXLGHFWUH&DURO
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHUVSXQVGHVSUHUROXOUHJHOXL franc, al sfatului vasalic
LDOGXHOXOXLMXGLFLDUvQMXVWL LDPHGLHYDO
Forma referatului 10 puncte
2 puncte pentru utilizarea unui limbaj istoric
2 puncte pentru respectarea ordinii cronologice
SXQFWHSHQWUXSUH]HQWDUHDORJLFDLGHLORU
2 punFWHSHQWUXRULJLQDOLWDWHDH[SXQHULLLFODULWDWHDVWLOXOXL
2 puncte pentru structurarea textului
Glosarul 10 puncte
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHDOWHFXWXPHDOHMXVWL LHLPHGLHYDOHPHQ LRQDWHvQ
RUGLQHDOIDEHWLF
24

6H DGDXJ RELHFWLYHOH FH GHFXUJ GLQ PDWULFHD XQXL UHIHUDW DFRUGkQGXVH SRQGHUHD FXYHQLW DELOLWLORU
FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH ID]HL PXQFLL LQGHSHQGHQWH
25
'LQ FDX]D GLILFXOWLL GRFXPHQWULL VH UHFRPDQG 'UkPED 2YLGLX
 , vol. II, Ed.
WLLQLILF L (QFLFORSHGLF %XFXUHWL 

,VWRULD FXOWXULL L FLYLOL]D LHL

88

Anexele referatuluiFXH[FHS LDJORVDUXOXLSXQFWH

SXQFWHSHQWUXDUJXPHQWDUHDLPSRUWDQ HLWHPHL
3 puncte pentru redactarea listei bibliografice
4 puncte pentru realizarea aparatului critic
Prezentarea referatului 5 puncte
SXQFWSHQWUXHVHQ LDOL]DUHDWHPHL
1 punct pentru argumentarea ideilor
1 punct pentru claritatea expunerii orale
SXQFWSHQWUXVXEOLQLHUHDFRQWULEX LHLSHUVRQDOH
1 punct pentru ncadrarea n timp
10 puncte din oficiu
TOTAL 100 puncte
5HIHUDWXO SRDWH IL HYDOXDW L SH DQVDPEOX QX DWkW GH DQDOLtic precum n
H[HPSOHOHDQWHULRDUH$FHDVWHYDOXDUHSRDWHXUPULQLYHOHOHGHPDLMRV
Sugestii pentru notarea holistic a unui referat
nivelul I:

LQVXILHFLHQWD VHOHFWDUH D LQIRUPD LHL ELEOLRJUDILFH VDX

FRPSLODUHD ELEOLRJUDILHL
VWSkQLUHD
DSDUDWXOXL
conceptual, respectarea planului primit de la profesor.

nivelul II:

VHOHFWDUHD FRUHFW D LQIRUPD LHL L LQWHJUDUHD HL vQ

WHP VWUXFWXUDUHD PDWHULDOXOXL FRQIRUP ORJLFLL LVWRULFH
sub coordonarea profesorului.

nivelul III:

a) DQDOL]DLQWHUSUHWDUHD GDWHORU SHUVRQDOH L FRQFOX]LLORU

redactarea aparatului critic, introducerii unor anexe sub
coordonarea profesorului;
b) DWLQVSULQPXQFLQGHSHQGHQW

5HFRPDQGULSHQWUXSURLHFWDUHDLFRRUGRQDUHDHODERUULLXQXLUHIHUDW
A. QID]DUHGDFWULLGLULMDWHDSURLHFWXOXLGHFWUHHOHYSURIHVRUXO

RIHUSODQXOOXFUULL

UHFRPDQGELEOLRJUDILDPLQLPDOL]YRDUHLVWRULFHOXFUULGHVLQWH] LQFOXVLY
PDQXDOXOOXFUULGHVSHFLDOLWDWH

GLVFXWSUREOHPHOHDSUXWHvQWLPSXOGRFXPHQWULLLUHGDFWULL

89

eventual, parcurge un material preliminar;

IDFHDSUHFLHULDVXSUDUHIHUDWXOXLSHFDUHOHSUH]LQWGXSVXV LQHUHDDFHVWXLD
GHFWUHHOHY

B. QFRQGL LLOHUHGDFWULLLQGHSHQGHQWHDXQXLUHIHUDWGHFWUHHOHYSURIHVRUXO

FRPXQLF WHPD  VDX DFFHSW R WHP SURSXV GH HOHY SH ED]D SURJUDPHL
FRODUH

DQXQ RELHFWLYHOHXUPULWHPRGDOLW LOHGHUHDOL]DUHDUHIHUDWXOXLLQGLYLGXDO

FROHFWLYIHOXOHYDOXULLKROLVWLFDQDOLWLF

DYL]HD]SODQXOLELEOLRJUDILDSUH]HQWDWGHHOHY

DVLJXUvQGUXPDUHDHOHYLORU

FLWHWHUHIHUDWXOvQDLQWHDSUH]HQWULLOXLvQFODVLIRUPXOHD]DSUHFLHUL

C. QVXV LQHUHDUHIHUDWHORUSURIHVRUXO

SURJUDPHD]PD[LPXPUHIHUDWHvQWURRUSHQWUXDSHUPLWHILHFUXLHOHYR
LQWHUYHQ LHGHPLQXWH

VWLPXOHD]DQDOL]DFULWLFDUHIHUDWXOXLGHFWUHDXWRU

VWLPXOHD]DGUHVDUHDvQWUHEULORULH[SULPDUHDRSLQLLORUGHFWUHFHLODO LHOHYL

SUH]LQWFRQFOX]LLOHSHUVRQDOH

90

C. PORTOFOLIU
(VWH R PHWRG GH HYDOXDUH FX FDUDFWHU LQWHJUDWRU FRPSOH[ L IOH[LELO (,
RJOLQGHWHDWkWHYROX LDHOHYLORU FkW L SHUIRUPDQ HOH SULQFLSDOH L RS LXQLOH ORU (VWH
XQVXPPXPGHLQVWUXPHQWHGHHYDOXDUHVXEUDSRUWFDQWLWDWLYLFDOLWDWLYUHDOL]DWSH
RGXUDWPDLvQGHOXQJDWGHWLPSGHODVHPHVWUXODDQ FRODUGH vQY PkQW (VWH
FHD PDL VLPSO IRUP GH DWUDJHUH D HOHYLORU vQ DFWXO GH vQY DUH SULQ FDUDFWHUXO
selectiv al probelor pe care l compun.
Sugestii pentru proiectarea portofoliului,1HDFX$6WRLFDS
YL]HD] IXUQL]DUHD GH GDWH SURIHVRUXOXL L HOHYXOXL
GHVSUH FDSDFLW LOH IRUPDWH SULQ RSHUD LRQDOL]DUHD
RELHFWLYHORUXQXLFDSLWROLGHVSUHDWLWXGLQLOHDVXPDWHGH
HOHYXOvQVXL

scopul: - imediat:

- GHSHUVSHFWLY RIHU LQIRUPD LLXWLOHSULQ LORULDOWRUSRWHQ LDOLHYDOXDWRUL

DLDFWLYLW LLHOHYXOXLLQVWLWX LLFRPXQLWDWH
contextul: are in vedere -

parWLFXODULW LOHGHYkUVW

FRQ LQXWXO:

LQWHUHVHOHLDELOLWULOHHOHYXOXL
specificul disciplinei;

HVWH vQVFULV vQWUR DULH GH FHULQ H VWDQGDUG IL[DWH DE

initio

HVWH UHSUH]HQWDW GH UH]XOWDWH OD SUREHOH WUDGL LRQDOH

WHPH SHQWUX DFDV FDLHW GH QRWL H LQYHVWLJD LL
SURLHFWHVDUFLQLGHvQY DUHUH]ROYDUHGH SUREOHPH
REVHUYDUHDVLVWHPDWLFDHOHYXOXLGHFWUHSURIHVRUvQ
FODV DXWRHYDOXDUHD HOHYXOXL FKHVWLRQDUXO SULYLQG
interesul elevului pentru istorie;

este selectat de profesor VDX GH HOHYXO vQVXL GLQWUH

FHOH PDL SHUIRUPDQWH VDX UHSUH]HQWDWLYH FRQWULEX LL
ale acestuia.

91

Exemple:
Clasa a X-a:
Scop:

VHOHFWDUHDDFHORULQVWUXPHQWHGHHYDOXDUHFDUHWHVWHD]FDSDFLWDWHDGH
D DQDOL]D L GH D HPLWH MXGHF L GH YDORDUH ED]DWH SH DUJXPHQWH
LVWRULFH DVXSUD XQRU FXUHQWH LGHRORJLFH LVDX FXOWXUDODUWLVWLFH SUHFXP
L DWLWXGLQHD VD GH DGH]LXQHUHVSLQJHUH D YDORULORU VSHFLILFH DFHVWRUD
GHFWUHXQDGROHVFHQW

Context:

vQID]DGHIRUPDUHDSHUVRQDOLW LLHOHYXO SRDWHIL LQWHUHVDW GHPRGHOH

GHYLD DOWHUQDWLYHODPRGXOVXGHH[LVWHQ 3HIRQGXOFUL]HLYDORULORU
VIkULWXOXL GH PLOHQLX  XPDQLVPXO EDURFXO L FODVLFLVPXO vL GH]YOXLH
FRQWULEX LDORULGHRORJLFHWLFLHVWHWLFODUHDOL]DUHDLGHDOXOXLXPDQDO
secolelor al XIV-lea al XVII-lea, din care umanitatea a selectat valorile
perene.

&RQ LQXW

DGRSWDWWHPHORU8PDQLVPXORQRXFRQFHS LHDVXSUDOXPLLL%DURF
LFODVLFLVP26.

Obiective:

1. XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW D OLPEDMXOXL GH VSHFLDOLWDWH D FURQRORJLHL L

ORFDOL]ULLLVWRULFH
2. LQYHVWLJDUHD L LQWHUSUHWDUHD VXUVHORU LVWRULFH27 FD L D IDSWHORU L
proceselor istorice
3. VWLPXODUHD FXULR]LW LL SHQWUX VWXGLXO LVWRULHL L GH]YROWDUHD DWLWXGLQLL
SR]LWLYHID GHVLQHLID GHDO LL

Materiale componente:
1. GDWH RE LQXWH GLQ HYDOXDUHD SUREHORU WUDGL LRQDOH LQFOXVLY D WHVWXOXL SUHGLFWLY
UH]XOWDWXOLLQWHUSUHWDUHDOXL
2. GDWHSULYLQGDFWLYLWDWHDHOHYXOXLvQFODV
a) REVHUYD LLSULYLQGFRPSRUWDPHQWXOHOHYXOXLODRUDGHLVWRULHYH]LFKHVWLRQDUXO
de la pag.88)
b) FDLHWGHQRWL HFDOLWDWHDQRWL HORU
c) LQYHVWLJD LL

26

QWUXQ FXUV RSLRQDO GH ,VWRULD &XOWXULL VDX ,VWRULD $UWHORU VXQW PXOWLSOH SRVLELOLWL GH DSURIXQGDUH D DFHVWRU

teme.
27
Bibliografie:

1. Pierre Chanu, &LYLOL]DLD (XURSHL FODVLFH %XFXUHWL 

2. Jean Carpantier, Fr. Lebrun, Istoria Europei, Humanitas, 1997
3. Jean Delumeanu, &LYLOL]DOD 5HQDWHULL %XFXUHWL 
92

2PXOPVXUDWXWXURUOXFUXULORULvQRSLQLDOXL0DUVLOLR)LFLQRL3LFR
della Mirandola

5HPLQLVFHQ H IHXGDOH L DERUGUL UHQDVFHQWLVWH LQ DUKLWHFWXUD FDVWHOHORU

de pe Valea Loirei"

LQYHVWLJD LL DOH XQRU PRQXPHQWH EDURFH GLQ 5RPkQLD FDUH YDORULILF
cercetarea n teren;

d) HVHX VWUXFWXUDW 2SWLPLVPXO XPDQLVW vQWUH LGHDO L IDSW FX XUPWRDUHD

VWUXFWXU

context

idealul umanist

UHDOL]ULLHHFXULVXEVHPQXOLGHDOXOXLXPDQLVW

FRQVHFLQ HDOHLGHDOXOXLXPDQLVW

3. date privind activitatea elevului n afara clasei:

a) WHPDSHQWUXDFDVGHWLSUH]ROYDUHGHSUREOHPH

$UJXPHQWD L LGHD F WROHUDQ D XPDQLVPXOXL D JHQHUDW LQWROHUDQ D

UHOLJLRDVDVHFROXOXL;9,

6WXGLD L R RSHU GH DUW UHQDVFHQWLVW OD DOHJHUH L UHFXQRDWH L

HOHPHQWHOHGHLQVSLUD LHDQWLFSHUPDQHQ HOHIHXGDOHLvQVXLULOHHSRFLL

&RPSDUD L R RSHU GH DUW DSDU LQkQG EDURFXOXL FX XQD DSDU LQkQG
FODVLFLVPXOXLLVWDELOL LGLIHUHQ HOHGLQWUHHOH

b) referate:

&RPXQHOHLWDOLHQHOHDJQDOXPDQLVPXOXLL5HQDWHULL

%LEOLRWHFDLWLSDUXOVXUVHGHLUDGLHUHDXPDQLVPXOXL

5HQDWHUHDEDURFXOLFODVLFLVPXOWUHLUHSOLFLDUWLVWLFHODFHULQ HOHVRFLDO
politice diferite"

6REULHWDWHLPDMHVWDWHvQLGHDOXOFODVLF

c) copii ale unor documente

d) IRWRJUDILLDOHXQRUPRQXPHQWHVDXRSHUHGHDUW
e) ELRJUDILLDOHXQRUXPDQLWLVDXDUWLWLFHOHEULGLQVHFROHOH;9,;9,,
f)

ILHGHSUH]HQWDUHDOHXQRURSHUHGHDUW

93

g) recenzii tematice
h) SDUWLFLSDUHDODDFWLYLW LGHFHUFFRQFXUVXULFRODUHLUH]XOWDWHRE LQXWH
4. date privind "imaginea de sine" a elevului:
a) autoevaluarea:

chestionar

scara de clasificare

b) chestionarul privind interesul elevului pentru istorie

5HFRPDQGULSHQWUXHYDOXDUHDSRUWRIROLXOXL

VHIDFHSHQWUXILHFDUHHOHPHQWDOSRUWRIROLXOXLVHSDUDWODPRPHQWXOUHDOL]ULL
lui;

HVWHFRPXQLFDWWLSXOHYDOXULLDQDOLWLFKROLVWLFHOHYLORUFDLFULWHULLOHSHFDUHV
a construit portofoliul

DQDOL]D UH]XOWDWHORU RE LQXWH OD GLYHUVHOH SUREH GH H[DPLQDUH YL]HD]

HILFDFLWDWHD SULQ UDSRUWDUHD OD RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH UHOHYDQ D SULQ
FRPSDUD LH FX UH]XOWDWHOH DOWRU PHWRGH GH HYDOXDUH L SRVLELOLWDWHD GH
SHUIHF LRQDUHXOWHULRDU

UH]XOWDWHOHVXQWSXVHvQSRUWRIROLXOHOHYXOXLLSUH]HQWDWHSHULRGLFSULQ LORU

0RGDOLW LGHXWLOL]DUHDDSRUWRIROLXOXL

n Romnia, recomandarea trecerii n catalog a notelor rezultate din mai

PXOWHFRQVWDWULSXQFWXDOHSRDWHILXQvQFHSXWGHGUXP

28

vQXQHOHVLVWHPHGHvQY PkQW2ODQGDUROXOVXHVWHGHvQFXSULQVXO

XQHL H[DPLQUL ILQDOH (, LD IRUPD XQXL H[DPHQ OD GHFL]LD FROLL HYDOXkQG
DFHOHDELOLW LSHFDUHXQ H[DPHQ DGPLQLVWUDW OD XQ QLYHO QD LRQDO QX, SRDWH
asigura28

SRVLELOLWDWHD XWLOL]ULL OXL FD DSUHFLHUH KROLVWLF D DFWLYLW LL HOHYXOXL FD

DOWHUQDWLYODQRWDUHDDQDOLWLFVSHFLILFPHWRGHORUWUDGL LRQDOH

&,72 *HUEHQ YRQ /HQW ([SXQHUH &XUULFXOD L SURJUDPHOH GH H[DPHQ VHPLQDU LQWHUQDLRQDO 0DQJDOLD

organizat de S.N.E.E., august, 1999

94

CHESTIONAR PRIVIND COMPORTAMENTUL ELEVULUI LA ORA DE

ISTORIE
Clasa:
1XPHOHLSUHQXPHOH
Data:
DA

1.

(VWH DWHQW vQ FODV

2.

)RORVHWH PDWHULDOH LQIRUPDWLYH VROLFLWDWH

3.

L DVFXOW FX DWHQLH SH FROHJL

4.

3DUWLFLS OD GLVFXLL

5.

,QWHUYHQLLOH OXL DX OHJWXU FX GLVFXLD

6.

&HUH H[SOLFDLL FkQG QX D vQHOHV

7.

6WXGLD] ELEOLRJUDILD LQGLFDW vQ FODV

8.

$GXFH PDWHULDOH LVWRULFH VXSOLPHQWDUH OD FRDO

9.

NU

L DVXPD UVSXQGHUHD UHDOL]ULL XQHL VDUFLQL

10.

&RRSHUHD] FX FHLODOL FROHJL SHQWUX UHDOL]DUHD XQHL VDUFLQL

11.

'XFH OD EXQ VIkULW VDUFLQLOH SH FDUH OHD SULPLW

12.

3URSXQH LGHL VDX DFWLYLWL QRL

Scara de apreciere
0

Da = 1p

10

12p

SQHVDWLVIFWRULQHUW

Nu = 0p

SVDWLVIFWRU
SEXQRELQXLW
8 - 10p foarte activ
10 - 12p excelent (interes special)

95

D. AUTOEVALUAREA
(VWHRPHWRGFRPSOHPHQWDUXWLOHOHYLORUILLQGFOHPRGLILFVWDWXWXOGHHWHUQ
examinat, iar caracterul sociologic al instrumentelor de evaluare le induce idea de
PDWXULWDWHODFDUHDVSLU
$FFHQWXO HL FDGH SH LPSOLFDUHD HOHYXOXL vQ FRQVWUXLUHD LPDJLQLL GH VLQH L vQ
VXEVLGLDUSHvQY DUH5H]XOWRGLVSRQLELOLWDWHVXSOLPHQWDUDHOHYXOXLRPRWLYD LHL
vQFUHGHUH vQ VLQH FDUH IDYRUL]HD] DSOLFDUHD XQRU PHWRGH PDL FRPSOH[H GH
evaluare.
$XWRHYDOXDUHD VH SRDWH UHDOL]D SULQ FKHVWLRQDUH L SULQ VFUL GH FODVLILFDUH $
6WRLFD60XVWHD S
I.

&KHVWLRQDUXODSOLFDWGXSvQFKHLHUHDXQHi sarcini de lucru:

1. 3ULQUH]ROYDUHDDFHVWHLVDUFLQLDPvQY DW
a) ..................... b) .................... c) .................... d) ....................
2. 3HSDUFXUVXOUH]ROYULLVDUFLQLLDPDYXWGLILFXOW LOD
a) ..................... b) .................... c) .................... d) ....................
3. &UHGFPLDSXWHDvPEXQW LLSHUIRUPDQ DGDF
a) ..................... b) .................... c) .................... d) ....................
4. Am fost impresionat pozitiv de:
a) ..................... b) .................... c) .................... d) ....................
5. &UHGFDFWLYLWDWHDPHDSRDWHILDSUHFLDWFX
a) nota _________
b) calificativul ___________________.

II. Scara de clarificare:

)LD GH HYDOXDUH

slab

mediu

bine

f. bine

excelent

creativitate

PRWLYDLH
LQGHSHQGHQ
FXULR]LWDWH LQWHOHFWXDO
SHUIRUPDQH FRODUH
SDUWLFLSDUHD OD GLVFXLL vQ FODV
disciplina n timpul lucrului
progresul realizat
comportamentul general n

FODV

III. Chestionarul priYLQGLQWHUHVXOHOHYXOXLSHQWUXLVWRULHDUHXQFDUDFWHUSURJQRVWLFL

VHUHFRPDQGHOHYLORUGLQFODVHOHFXSURILO,VWRULHWLLQ HVRFLDOH

96

Chestionar privind interesul elevului pentru istorie

Clasa:
1XPHOHLSUHQXPHOH
Data:
DA
1.
2.
3.
4.

NU

 LVWRULD HVWH R GLVFLSOLQ LPSRUWDQW vQ FRDO

&UH]L F HVWH XWLO vQ YLD FXQRDWHUHD LVWRULHL
L SODFH LVWRULD FKLDU GDF QX HVWH GLVFLSOLQ GH H[DPHQ
&DUH SHULRDG LVWRULF WH DWUDJH
a) antichitate
&RQVLGHUL F

b) evul mediu

F HSRFD PRGHUQ

G HSRFD FRQWHPSRUDQ

5.

Care domenii te atrag:

D LVWRULD QD LRQDO

b) istoria altor popoare

6.
7.
8.

 PDQXDOH DL FLWLW DOWH FUL VDX DUWLFROH GH LVWRULH

$L FLWLW DFHVWH FUL GLQ SDVLXQH VDX FXULR]LWDWH
a) ELRJUDILLOH XQRU SHUVRQDOLWL
3UHIHUL
FULOH
VDX
DUWLFROHOH
3H OkQJ

despre:
b)

HYHQLPHQWH

LVWRULFH

U ]ERDLH

UHYROX LL U VFRDOH

c)

YLD D SROLWLF

d) economice, sociale, legi

e)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

FXOWXU


8UPUHWL HYHQLPHQWHOH SROLWLFH DOH ]LOHL
$L GHVFRSHULW OHJWXUL vQWUH VLWXDLD GH D]L D ULL L WUHFXWXO HL LVWRULF
&ROHFLRQH]L DUWLFROH FUL VDX UHYLVWH GH LVWRULH
&ROHFLRQH]L GRFXPHQWH GH IDPLOLH PRQHGH YHFKL VDX DOWH PDWHULDOH
YDORDUH LVWRULF
8UP UHWL GRFXPHQWDUH LVWRULFH VDX ILOPH FX VXELHFW LVWRULF

FX

Te-ai interesat de trecutul familiei tale, de aspectele biografice cu

 GLQ YLDD EXQLFLORU VDX SULQLORU

YDORDUH LVWRULF

15.

 SH YLLWRU YHL DYHD LQWHUHV SHQWUX LVWRULH

&UH]L F

Scara de apreciere
0
Da = 1p

10

15

20

23p

Nu = 0p

0 - 5p foarte redus
5 - 10p redus
10 - 15p mediu (bun)
15 - 20p ridicat
20 - 23p foarte ridicat (excelent)

97

CAPITOLUL VI. PROBE DE EVALUARE

n concepereDWHVWXOXLVHDXvQYHGHUHXUPWRDUHOHHWDSH
Stabilirea obiectivelor de evaluare;
6HOHFWDUHDWLSXULORUGHLWHPLSULQFDUHVHSRWHYDOXDFXQRWLQ HOH
&RPELQDUHD LWHPLORU DVWIHO vQFkW JUDGXO GH GLILFXOWDWH DO WHVWXOXL V FUHDVF
gradual;
Conceperea testului;
&RQFHSHUHDLUHDOL]DUHDEDUHPXOXLGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
n continuare vom exemplifica acest demers pentru elaborarea probelor scrise n
FDGUXOH[DPHQXOXLGHFDSDFLWDWHLDOFHOXLGHEDFDODXUHDW
3HQWUX H[DPHQXO GH FDSDFLWDWH  FDQGLGD LL WUHEXLDX V GHPRQVWUH]H
capacitatea de:
1. DGHILQLWHUPHQLQR LXQLLFRQFHSWHLVWRULFH
2. DXWLOL]DvQFRQWH[WHQRLQR LXQLLVWRULFHvQY DWH
3. D VHOHFWD L XWLOL]D LQIRUPD LL RIHULWH GH R VXUV LVWRULF OD SULPD
YHGHUHVDXFXQRVFXW
4. DSODVDvQWLPSLVSD LXHYHQLPHQWHOHLVWRULFH
5. DLQWHUSUHWDGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFUHOD LLGHWLSFDX]HIHFW
6. DFDUDFWHUL]DRSHULRDGLVWRULFvQIXQF LHGHDQXPLWHUHSHUH
Examenul de capacitate 2000
352%6&5,6/$,6725,$5201,/25
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de 2 ore.
,6FULH LSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFWSHQWUX
ILHFDUHGLQWUHDILUPD LLOHGHPDLMRV
1. Dobrotici a condus statul medieval:
a. Dobrogea
b. Moldova

c. Transilvania

GDUD5RPkQHDVF
3 puncte

%DVDUDEDOXSWDWOD3RVDGDvQvPSRWULYDRWLORU
a. bulgare
b. maghiare
c. poloneze
GWWDUH
/LPEDURPkQHVWHGHRULJLQH
DJHUPDQLF
EJUHDF
FODWLQ
dVODY
4.Alexandru Ioan Cuza a fost ales domn al Principatelor Unite n anul:
a. 1848
b. 1857
c. 1859
d. 1866

3 puncte
3 puncte
3 puncte

,,6FULH LSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQUVSXQVXULOHFRUHFWHFDUHFRPSOHWHD]SURSR]L LLOHGH

mai jos:
1. 'RPQLWRUXOFDUHDFRQGXV0ROGRYDvQWUHDQLLVHQXPHWH
4 puncte
   0LKDL 9LWHD]XO D XQLW DUD 5RPkQHDVF 7UDQVLOYDQLD L 0ROGRYD vQ
anul.
4 puncte
3. QFDPSDQLDGLQDUPDWDURPkQDOXSWDWOD0UWL2LWX]L
4 puncte

98

4. 8QD GLQWUH SURYLQFLLOH URPkQHWL FDUH VDX XQLW FX 5RPkQLD vQ DQXO  VH
QXPHWH
4 puncte
,,,1XPL LWUHLYRLHYR]LDWHVWD LvQ7UDQVLOYDQLDvQVHFROHOH,;;,
,90HQ LRQD LWUHLSUHYHGHULDOH&RQVWLWX LHLGLQ

6 puncte

6 puncte
90HQ LRQD LGRXFRQVHFLQ HDOHVHPQULL&RQYHQ LHLURPkQRUXVHGLQDSULOLH
6 puncte
9,&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
'XUDVFDUHDYHDGRPQLDPDLGLQDLQWHRRIHULGHEXQYRLHOXL'HFHEDOSHQWUX
F HUD SULFHSXW  vQ DOH U]ERLXOXL L LVFXVLW OD IDSW  YLWHD] vQ OXSW WLLQG D VH
IRORVLFXGLEFLHGHRYLFWRULH
(Cassius Dio, ,VWRULD5RPDQ)
3RUQLQGGHODWH[WXOGDWUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1XPL LVWDWXOFRQGXVGH'XUDVLDSRLGH'HFHEDO
3 puncte
1XPL LvPSUDWXOURPDQFDUHDSXUWDWGRXU]ERDLHFX'HFHEDO
3 puncte
7UDQVFULH Ldin textGRXFDOLW LSHQWUXFDUH'HFHEDOSULPHWHGRPQLD 6 puncte
1XPL LXQDOWL]YRULVWRULFFDUHSUH]LQWVFHQHGLQU]ERDLHOHGDFRURPDQH
2 puncte
9,,&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
 0DMHVWDWHD VD VXOWDQXO SURPLWH V FRQYRDFH LPHGLDW vQ ILHFDUH GLQ FHOH GRX
SURYLQFLL XQ GLYDQ DGKRF $FHVWH GLYDQXUL YRU IL FKHPDWH V H[SULPH GRULQ HOH
SRSXOD LHLSULYLQGRUJDQL]DUHDGHILQLWLYD3ULQFLSDWHORU
(Tratatul de pace de la Paris, 1856)
3RUQLQGGHODWH[WXOGDWUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 1XPL LFHOHGRXSURYLQFLL3ULQFLSDWHURPkQHWLvQFDUHVDX RUJDQL]DW GLYDQXUL
DGXQUL$GKRF
4 puncte
7UDQVFULH Ldin textVFRSXODFHVWRUGLYDQXULDGXQUL$GKRF
4 puncte
0HQ LRQD LGRXKRWUkULDGRSWDWHvQGLYDQXULOHDGXQULOH$GKRF
2 puncte
   3UHFL]D L PRWLYXO SHQWUX FDUH VXOWDQXO DYHD GUHSWXO V LD KRWUkUL SHQWUX
Principate.
2 puncte
9,,,3UH]HQWD LSUREOHPDDJUDUvQRULFDUHGRXSURJUDPHDOHUHYROX LHLGHOD
1849, avnd n vedere:
PRGXOvQFDUHHVWHDERUGDWSUREOHPDDJUDUvQSURJUDPHOHSHQWUXFDUHD L
optat;
QXPHOHLORFXOHODERUULLDGRSWULLDFHVWRUSURJUDPH
QHFHVLWDWHDUH]ROYULLDFHVWHLSUREOHPHOD
1RW6HSXQFWHD]LVWUXFWXUDUHDFRPSR]L LHLLQWURGXFHUHFXSULQVFRQFOX]LL
SUH]HQWDUHDHYHQLPHQWHORUvQRUGLQHFURQRORJLFXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
18 puncte

99

352%6&5,6/$,6725,$5201,/25
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de 2 ore.
, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW SHQWUX
ILHFDUHGLQWUHDILUPD LLOHGHPDLMRV
'RPQLWRUXOWHIDQFHO0DUHDFRQGXVVWDWXOPHGLHYDO
a. Dobrogea b. Moldova c. Transilvania
GDUD5RPkQHDVF
3 puncte
2. 2DVWHDULL5RPkQHWLDIRVWFRQGXVvQOXSWDGHOD3RVDGDGHFWUH
a. Basarab b. Litovoi
c. Negru 9RG
d. Nicolae Alexandru
3 puncte
3. Capitala regatului dac condus de Decebal era:
a. Blidaru
E&RVWHWL F3LDWUD5RLH
d. Sarmizegetusa
3 puncte
4. n anul 1877:
a. s-a realizat unirea Principatelor
FVDSURFODPDWLQGHSHQGHQ DRomniei
b. VDLQVWDXUDWGLQDVWLDVWULQvQ3ULQFLSDWH GVDvQISWXLW0DUHD8QLUH
3 puncte
,,6FULH LSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQUVSXQVXULOHFRUHFWHFDUHFRPSOHWHD]SURSR]L LLOHGH
mai jos:
1. PSUDWXOURPDQFDUHDFXFHULW'DFLDVHQXPHWH
4 puncte
2. 0LKDL9LWHD]XODXQLWDUD5RPkQHDVF7UDQVLOYDQLDL0ROGRYDvQDQXO
4 puncte
3. n 1859 s-a realizat unirea Munteniei cu Moldova prin alegerea domnitorului
numit.
4 puncte
4. 5RPkQLDDLQWUDWvQSULPXOU]ERLPRQGLDOvQDQXO
4 puncte
,,,1XPL LWUHLVWDWHvQYLQVHvQSULPXOU]ERLPRQGLDOFDUHDXVHPQDWWUDWDWHGHSDFH
cu Romnia n 1919-1920.
6 puncte
,90HQ LRQD LWUHLSUHYHGHULDOHSFLLGDFRURPDQHGLQ

6 puncte

9 0HQ LRQD L GRX FRQVHFLQ H DOH IRUPULL VWDWHORU PHGLHYDOH DVXSUD GH]YROWULL
FLYLOL]D LHLURPkQHWL
6 puncte
9,&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
2PDUHDGXQDUHQD LRQDOOD$OED,XOLDYRWDvQPLMORFXODFODPD LLORUPLLORUGH
UDQLXQLUHDFXUHJDWXO
(N. Iorga despre Marea Unire de la 1 decembrie 1918)
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 1XPL LRSURYLQFLHFDUHVDXQLW FX 5RPkQLD SULQKRWUkUHD$GXQULL GH OD $OED
Iulia.
3 puncte
2. 1XPL LSULPDSURYLQFLHFDUHVDXQLWFX5RPkQLDvQDQXO 5 puncte
3. 7UDQVFULH Ldin textHYHQLPHQWXOLVWRULFYRWDWvQFDGUXO0DULL$GXQUL1D LRQDOHOD
Alba-Iulia.
4 puncte

100

4. 3UHFL]D LRFRQVHFLQ DXQLULLGLQDQXO

2 puncte

9,,&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV

 3H OkQJ WRDWH DFHVWH UDGLFDOH LQVWLWX LL DSRL SDUWLGD QD LRQDO PDL SURSXQH 
XQLUHD0ROGRYHLFXDUD5RPkQHDVF
SURJUDPXO'RULQ HOH3DUWLGHL1D LRQDOHvQ0ROGRYD%XFRYLQD
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 0HQ LRQD LRDOWSUHYHGHUHDDFHVWXLSURJUDPUHYROX LRQDU
2 puncte
2. 7UDQVFULH Ldin textSURSXQHUHDSDUWLGHLQD LRQDOH
4 puncte
3. 3UHFL]D L XQ PRWLY FDUH D GHWHUPLQDW UHYROX LRQDULL PROGRYHQL V DGRSWH DFHVW
program n Bucovina.
2 puncte
1XPL LXQDOWSURJUDPHODERUDWGHUHYROX LRQDULvQ
4 puncte
9,,,3UH]HQWD LVLWXD LD5RPkQLHLvQDYkQGvQYHGHUH
EWOLLOHGLQLFRQVHFLQ DDFHVWRUD
- XQ PRWLY FDUH D GHWHUPLQDW 5RPkQLD V vQFKHLH SDFHD FX 3XWHULOH
Centrale;
- GRXSUHYHGHULDOH7UDWDWXOXLGHSDFHGHOD%XFXUHWL
1RW 6H SXQFWHD] L VWUXFWXUDUHD FRPSR]L LHL LQWURGXFHUHFXSULQVFRQFOX]LL
SUH]HQWDUHDHYHQLPHQWHORUvQRUGLQHFURQRORJLFXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
18 puncte
6HUHFRPDQGXWLOL]DUHDFHULQ HORUGHWLSXOSUHFL]D LPHQ LRQD L
HQXPHUD LDWXQFLFkQGVHVROLFL XQUVSXQVVXFFLQWFDUHQXSUHVXSXQHH[SOLFD LL
DUJXPHQWULGHPRQVWDU LLHWF
3HQWUXDWHVWDFDSDFLW LOHGHVLQWH]GHDQDOL]DOHHOHYLORUVHXWLOL]HD]
FHULQ HGHWLSXOH[SOLFD LDUJXPHQWD LGHPRQVWUD LHWF

%$5(0'(&25(&7$5(,127$5(
I. 1.a - 3 puncte;
2. b - 3 puncte;
3. c - 3 puncte;
4. c - 3 puncte
Total 12 puncte
,,SXQFWHSHQWUXXQXOGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHWHIDQFHO0DUH6HSXQFWHD]RULFH
formulare care include numele domnului.
2. SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO
3. SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO0UHWL
  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH %DVDUDELD %XFRYLQD 7UDQVLOYDQLD
%DQDW0DUDPXUH&ULDQD
Total 16 puncte

101

,,, &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH WUHL GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH *HOX *ODG
0HQXPRUXW$KWXP6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFDUHLQFOXGHQXPHOHYRLHYRGXOXL
Total 6 puncte
,9&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHWUHLGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH5RPkQLDHVWHVWDWQD LRQDO
unitar, Romnia este stat indivizibil, Romnia este stat independent, Romnia este
stat suveran, teritoriul Romniei este inalienabil, Romnia este monarhie
FRQVWLWX LRQDO VH JDUDQWHD] OLEHUWDWHD FRQWLLQ HL VH JDUDQWHD] OLEHUWDWHD
vQY PkQWXOXLVHJDUDQWHD]OLEHUWDWHDSUHVHLVHJDUDQWHD]OLEHUWDWHDvQWUXQLULORU
VH JDUDQWHD] OLEHUWDWHD GH DVRFLD LH VH JDUDQWHD] WRDWH OLEHUW LOH VWDELOLWH SULQ
OHJLVHJDUDQWHD]WRDWHGUHSWXULOHVWDELOLWHSULQOHJLVHJDUDQWHD]HJDOLWDWHDvQID D
OHJLLLQGLIHUHQWGHRULJLQHHWQLFGHOLPEGHUHOLJLHVHJDUDQWHD]YRWXOXQLYHUVDO
6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 6 puncte
9&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHGUHSWXOWUXSHORUUXVHGHD
WUHFH SHVWH WHULWRULXO URPkQHVF SHUVSHFWLYD SDUWLFLSULL DOWXUL GH 5XVLD OD U]ERLXO
UXVRRWRPDQSRVLELOLWDWHDRE LQHULLLQGHSHQGHQ HLHYLWDUHDGHVIXUULLFRQIOLFWXOXLOD
QRUGXO 'XQULL GHVIXUDUHD FRQIOLFWXOXL OD VXGXO 'XQULL 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH
IRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 6 puncte
9,SXQFWHSHQWUXXQXOGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH'DFLDVWDWXOGDF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO7UDLDQ
   &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH SULFHSXW vQ DOH
U]ERLXOXL
LVFXVLWODIDSWYLWHD]vQOXSWDVHIRORVLFXGLEFLHGHRYLFWRULH
  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH &ROXPQD 7UDLDQ &ROXPQD OXL
Traian.
Total 14 puncte.
9,,&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHDUD5RPkQHDVF
Valahia/ Muntenia; Moldova.
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOVH[SULPHGRULQ HOH SRSXOD LHL SULYLQG
RUJDQL]DUHDGHILQLWLYD3ULQFLSDWHORU
 &kWH  SXQFW SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH UHVSHFWDUHD
DXWRQRPLHL XQLUHD 3ULQFLSDWHORU SULQ  VWULQ QHXWUDOLWDWHD SPkQWXOXL 3ULQFLSDWHORU
SXWHUHD OHJLVODWLY vQFUHGLQ DW XQHL $GXQUL UHSUH]HQWDWLYH 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH
IRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
  SXQFWH SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 3ULQFLSDWHOH VH DIODX VXE VX]HUDQLWDWHD
,PSHULXOXL2WRPDQ6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 12 puncte
9,,,,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH

102

 FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH SUHYHGHULOH PHQ LRQDWH HPDQFLSD LD
FOFDLORU UDQLORU GHSHQGHQ L GHVILLQ DUHD LREJLHL IU QLFL R GHVSJXELUH
vPSURSULHWULUHD UDQLORU SULQ GHVSJXELUH vPSURSULHWULUHD UDQLORU IU
GHVSJXELUH6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX SURJUDPH PHQ LRQDWH 3HWL LXQHD QD LRQDO
3ULQ LSXULOH QRDVWUH SHQWUX UHIRUPDUHD SDWULHL 3URFODPD LD GH OD ,VOD]
'RULQ HOHSDUWLGHLQD LRQDOHvQ0ROGRYD
FkWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX ORFDOLW L PHQ LRQDWH %ODM %UDRY ,VOD]
&HUQX L
 SXQFW SHQWUX PHQ LRQDUHD XQHLD GLQWUH LGHLOH QHFHVLWDWHD PRGHUQL]ULL
VRFLHW LL QHFHVLWDWHD DWUDJHULL UQLPLL PDMRULWDUH GH SDUWHD UHYROX LHL 6H
SXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHOHLVHQV
6WUXFWXUDUHDFRPSR]L LHLSXQFWH
2 puncte pentru introducere-cuprins-concluzii
1 punct pentru introducere-cuprins/ cuprins - concluzii
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii
1 punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/proceselor istorice n ordine
FURQRORJLFORJLF
 SXQFWH SHQWUX QHUHVSHFWDUHD FURQRORJLHLGHVIXUULL ORJLFH D
evenimentelor/proceselor
istorice
2 puncte pentru utilizarea limbajului istoric adecvat
SXQFWSHQWUXXWLOL]DUHDVSRUDGLFDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
0 puncte pentru lipsa limbajului istoric.
Total 18 puncte
10 puncte din oficiu
Total test 100 de puncte
%$5(0'(&25(&7$5(,127$5(
I. 1. 3 puncte - b
2. 3 puncte a
3. 3 puncte d
4. 3 puncte c
Total 12 puncte
II.
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO7UDLDQ
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH$O,&X]D&X]D
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO
Total 16 puncte
,,, &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH WUHL GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH *HUPDQLD $XVWULD
Bulgaria, Ungaria, Turcia.
Total 6 puncte

103

,9&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHWUHLGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHGUkPDUHD]LGXULORUFHW LORU
cedarea de teritorii, cedarea Cmpiei Muntene, cedarea Olteniei estice, cedarea
%DQDWXOXL HVWLF FHGDUHD VXGXOXL 0ROGRYHL UHQXQ DUHD OD LQGHSHQGHQ  vQ SROLWLFD
H[WHUQ6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV$VRFLHUHDFHGDUHDWHLWRULLORU
XQWHULWRULXFRPSRQHQWVHFRQVLGHUXQVLQJXUUVSXQVSXQFWH
Total 6 puncte
9 &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH GH]YROWDUHD HFRQRPLF
GH]YROWDUHDSROLWLFGH]YROWDUHDVRFLDOGH]YROWDUHDFXOWXUDOGH]YROWDUHDVSLULWXDO
DVLJXUDUHD LHUDUKL]ULL LQWHUQH RUJDQL]DUHD IXQF LHL GH DSUDUH VXV LQHUHD
DXWRQRPLHL6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 6 puncte
9,   SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH 7UDQVLOYDQLD &ULDQD %DQDW
0DUDPXUHDUD8QJXUHDVF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO%DVDUDELD
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOXQLUHDFXUHJDWXO
  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH UHvQWUHJLUHD WHULWRULDO GH]YROWDUHD
HFRQRPLF GH]YROWDUHD SROLWLF GH]YROWDUHD FXOWXUDO DGRSWDUHD &RQVWLWX LHL GLQ
SDUWLFLSDUHDOD&RQIHULQ DGHOD3DULV6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODL
sens.
Total 14 puncte
9,,   SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH FRQVROLGDUHD DXWRQRPLHL
HPDQFLSDUHD UDQLORU vPSURSULHWULUHD UDQLORU SULQ GHVSJXELUH LQVWDXUDUHD
PRQDUKLHLFRQVWLWX LRQDOH
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOXQLUHD0ROGRYHLFXDUD5RPkQHDVF
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHDWLWXGLQHDUHSUHVLYDOXL06WXUG]D
SUH]HQ DWUXSHORU DULVWHODJUDQL 6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH3HWL LXQHDSURFODPD LH3ULQ LSXULOH
QRDVWUHSHQWUXUHIRUPDUHDSDWULHL3URFODPD LDGHOD,VOD]3HWL LXQHDQD LRQDO
Total 12 puncte
9,,,,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDOXSWHORUGHOD0UWL0UHWL2LWX]
SXQFWSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDRSULULLWUXSHORUJHUPDQHvQVXGXO0ROGRYHL6H
SXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDXQXLDGLQWUHPRWLYHOHLHLUHD5XVLHLGLQU]ERL
VHPQDUHDDUPLVWX LXOXLSFLLGHOD%UHVW/LWRYVNvQDLQWDUHDDUPDWHL
JHUPDQHDXVWURXQJDUHvQ8FUDLQD5XVLDSHULFROXOFDDUPDWDURPkQVILH
vQFHUFXLWVXSHULRULWDWHDQXPHULFDDGYHUVDULORULPSRVLELOLWDWHD5RPkQLHLGHD
VHDSURYL]LRQDFXPXQL LL6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
2 puncte pentru oricare dintre datele: aprilie 1918, mai 1918.
&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXGLQWUHSUHYHGHULSUHOXDUHD'REURJHLGHFWUH
%XOJDULDDFFHVXO5RPkQLHLODPDUHSULQ&RQVWDQ DH[WLQGHUHDJUDQL HORU$XVWUR
8QJDULHLSHVWH&DUSD LSUHOXDUHDVXUSOXVXOXLGHFHUHDOHGHFWUH*HUPDQLD
LPSXQHUHDPRQRSROXOXLJHUPDQDVXSUDSHWUROXOXLLPSXQHUHDDUHQGULLWHUHQXULORU
DJULFROHGHFWUH*HUPDQLDGHPRELOL]DUHDSDU LDODDUPDWHLURPkQHRFXSD LD

104

PLOLWDUJHUPDQDGPLQLVWUD LHILORJHUPDQvQ0ROGRYD6HSXQFWHD]RULFH
IRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
6WUXFWXUDUHDFRPSR]L LHLSXQFWH
2 puncte pentru introducere-cuprins-concluzii
1 punct pentru introducere-cuprins/ cuprins-concluzii
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii
1 punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/proceselor istorice n ordine
FURQRORJLFORJLF
 SXQFWH SHQWUX QHUHVSHFWDUHD FURQRORJLHLGHVIXUULL ORJLFH D
evenimentelor/proceselor istorice
2 puncte pentru utilizarea limbajului istoric adecvat
SXQFWSHQWUXXWLOL]DUHDVSRUDGLFDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULFDGHFYDW
0 puncte pentru lipsa limbajului istoric adecvat.
Total 18 puncte
10 puncte din oficiu
Total test 100 de puncte
%DUHPXOGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHHVWHDQDOLWLFLFRQ LQHFULWHULLSHED]DFURUDVH
DFRUGSXQFWDMXO
(QXQ XULOH GH WLSXO 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH IRUPXODUH FX DFHODL VHQV 6H
SXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQV FRUHFW GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH LVWRULF, permit acordarea
SXQFWDMXOXL FHORU FDUH SDVLRQD L GH LVWRULH FRPOHWHD] UVSXQVXULOH FX LQIRUPD LL
GREkQGLWH SULQ VWXGLXO LQGLYLGXDO ELEOLRJUDILH XUPULUHD HPLVLXQLORU WHOHYL]DWH
XWLOL]DUHD,QWHUQHWXOXLHWFFkWLFHORUFDUHDXFDSDFLWDWHDGHDH[SOLFDUVSXQVXULOH
PHQ LRQDWHLQXDOHUHSURGXFHGLQPDQXDO
QFD]XOFHULQ HLWUDQVFULH LVHDFRUGSXQFDWMXOSUHY]XWSHQWUXSUHOXDUHD
GLQWH]WXOGDWDUVSXQVXOXL3RYHVWLUHDVDXSUH]HQWDUHDUVSXQVXOXLGHPRQVWUD]
IDSWXOFHOHYXOQXDUHVSHFWDWFHULQ DVLWXD LHvQFDUHQXSULPHWHSXQFWDMXO
3HQWUXUHDOL]DUHDEDUHPXOXLGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUHDOLWHPLORUGHWLSVLQWH]SH
ED]DXQHLVWUXFWXULGHLGHLGDWHHVWHQHFHVDUXQSXQFWDMDFRUGDWLQIRUPD LHLLVWRULFH
LXQXORUGRQULLLH[SOLFULLDUJXPHQWULLLGHLORUPHQ LRQDWHFXVFRSXOGHDUHDOL]DR
QRWDUHRELHFWLYDDELOLW LORUvQDOWHDOHHOHYXOXL
Prin probele scrise pentru examenul de bacalauret 2000, FDQGLGD LORU OL VD
VROLFLWDWV
1. GHILQHDVFLXWLOL]H]HQR LXQLLVWRULFHvQFRQWH[WHQRL
2. SODVH]HvQWLPSLVSD LXHYHQLPHQWHOHLVWRULFH
3. FDUDFWHUL]H]HRSHULRDGLVWRULFSRUQLQGGHODRVXUVLVWRULFVFULV
FXQRVFXWVDXODSULPDYHGHUH
4. LQWHUSUHWH]HGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFUHOD LLGHWLSFDX]HIHFW
5. GHVFULH L DQDOL]H]HLQWHUSUHWH]H HYHQLPHQWH L IHQRPHQH LVWRULFH
studiate;
6. LQWHUSUHWH]HXQHYHQLPHQWLVWRULFGLQSHUVSHFWLYDLPSDFWXOXLVXDVXSUD
HYROX LHLVRFLHW LL

105

'XS VWDELOLUHD DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH GH HYDOXDUH VDX VHOHFWDW WLSXULOH GH

LWHPLQHFHVDUHLDXIRVWFRQFHSXWHWHVWHOHLEDUHPHOHGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH

Examenul de bacalaureat 2000

3UREVFULVOD,VWRULD5RPkQLORU
RUHVSWPkQDO
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de trei ore.
I.

&RPSOHWD LVSD LLOHOLEHUHFXLQIRUPD LLOHLVWRULFHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHXUPWRDUHORU

GHILQL LL

1. 3RSXOD LHFRORQL]DWvQ7UDQVLOYDQLDPHGLHYDODOWXULGHVHFXLLGHWHXWRQL
3 puncte
2. &DGUXRUJDQL]DWRULFvQFDUHHVWHDOHV$O,&X]DFDGRPQDO0ROGRYHLLDOULL
5RPkQHWLvQ
3 puncte
3. ,QVWLWX LHILQDQFLDUFUHDWvQFXUROGHHPLVLXQHPRQHWDU
3 puncte
4. 3DUWLGFUHDWvQDGHSWDOWHRULHLIRUPHORUIUIRQG
3 puncte
5. 3DUWLGSROLWLFFDUHDSURSXVLDVXV LQXW&RQVWLWX LDGLQ
3 puncte
,,6FULH LSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQFkWHRSHUVRQDOLWDWHFDUHDIRVWLPSOLFDWvQILHFDUH
GLQWUHXUPWRDUHOHHYHQLPHQWHSURFHVHLVWRULFH
1. Om politic liberal, prim-ministru al Romniei ntre anii 1876-1888
2 puncte
2. *HQHUDODODUPDWHLURPkQHvQSULPXOU]ERLPRQGLDOSULPPLQLVWUXLOLGHUDO/LJLL
(Partidul) Poporului
2 puncte
3. 5HJHOH 5RPkQLHL FDUH LQVWDXUHD] UHJLPXO DXWRULWDU SULQ &RQVWLWX LD
din1938..
2 puncte
4. Prim ministru al Romniei, impus de U.R.S.S. la 6 martie 1945
2 puncte
,,, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ OLWHUHOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH XUPWRDUHORU
HYHQLPHQWHSURFHVHLVWRULFHvQRUGLQHDFURQRORJLFDGHVIXUULLORU
a. formarea Partidului Comunist Romn
b. formarea Partidului Muncitoresc Romn
c. IRUPDUHD3DUWLGXOXL1D LRQDOUQHVF
12 puncte
,96WUXLQ DQD LXQLLYLWHMLDDUPDWHLDXvPSOLQLWGRULQ HOHQRDVWUHSULQ
SURFODPDUHD5HJDWXOXLFDUHHVWHJDUDQ LDFHDPDLVLJXUSHQWUXYLLWRU
(cuvntarea primului rege al Romniei la ncoronarea sa)
3UH]HQWD LPRPHQWXOSURFODPULL5HJDWXOXLDYkQGvQYHGHUH
- doi factori care au favorizat proclamarea Regatului;
- QXPHOHUHJHOXLLRDWULEX LHDVD
106

1RW 6H UHFRPDQG vQFDGUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL vQWUR SDJLQ 6H SXQFWHD] L

RUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
15 puncte
9&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
1RL0LKDLOYRLHYRGXO(IWLPLHDUKLHSLVFRSXO7kUJRYLWHL'LPLWULHYRUQLFEDQXO
0LKDOFHDVIHWQLFLLLGUHJWRULLQRWULUHSUH]HQWkQGvQWUHDJDDU5RPkQHDVF
GP GH WLUH L IDFHP FXQRVFXW SULQ VFULVRDUHD GH ID   F DP KRWUkW V
DGXFHP DFHDVW SURYLQFLH vQ VWDUHD HL GH PDL vQDLQWH DP vQFKHLDW L QHDP
vQ HOHV
QWkLPDLHVWDWHDVDLPSHULDOFkWYUHPH YD LQH U]ERLXO DFHVWD FX WXUFLL  QH
YDGDSHQWUXDQHDSUD DUDLGDFVRDUWDQHYDILIDYRUDELOSHQWUXDDWDFD
SHGXPDQSODWDDGHRVWDL
WUDWDWGHDOLDQ DQWLRWRPDQvQWUH0LKDL9LWHD]XOLvPSUDWXO5XGROIDO,,OHD
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LFHULQ HORU
7UDQVFULH LIXQF LDOXL0LKDL9LWHD]XOFDUHH[SULPFDOLWDWHDGHFRPDQGDQW
VXSUHPDODUPDWHL ULL
4 puncte
0HQ LRQD LRDWULEX LHDPLWURSROLWXOXLIXQF LHGH LQXWLGH(IWLPLHDUKLHSLVFRSXO
7kUJRYLWHL
4 puncte
0HQ LRQD LRDOWDWULEX LHDGRPQXOXL
4 puncte
0HQ LRQD LRPVXUDGRSWDWGHGRPQLHvQIDYRDUHD%LVHULFLLvQ(YXO0HGLX
3 puncte
9,'XSGHVILLQ DUHD3DUWLGXOXL1D LRQDOUQHVFSULQFLSDOXOSDUWLGURPkQHVFGH
RSR]L LHvQ5RPkQLDDvQFHWDWSUDFWLFVPDLH[LVWHRRSR]L LHRUJDQL]DWGHVFKLV
6XSXQHUHD ULLID GH5XVLD6RYLHWLFDIRVWSULQDFHDVWDUHDOL]DWDSURDSHvQ
WRWDOLWDWHDWkWvQGRPHQLXOSROLWLFFkWLHFRQRPLF
15GHVFXPHPRULXWULPLV'HSDUWDPHQWXOXLGH6WDWDO68$
3UH]HQWD LJXYHUQDUHD*K*KHRUJKLX'HMDYkQGvQYHGHUH
- GRLIDFWRULFDUHDXIDYRUL]DWSUHOXDUHDSXWHULLGHSOLQHGHFWUHFRPXQLWL
- WUHLPVXULDOHUHJLPXOXL*K*KHRUJKLX'HMFDUHDXSHUPLVFRQVROLGDUHD
dictaturii proletariatului;
- GRLPHPEULLDLYHFKLORUHOLWHOLFKLGDWHGHFWUHFRPXQLWLvQYHGHUHD
represiunii.
1RW6HUHFRPDQGvQFDGUDUHDUVSXQVXOXLvQGRXSDJLQL6HSXQFWHD]L
XWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULFRUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORU
25 puncte

107

3UREVFULVOD,VWRULD5RPkQLORU
RUHVSWPkQDO
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de trei ore.
, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ LQIRUPD LLOH LVWRULFH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH XUPWRDUHORU
GHILQL LL
1. 1XPHOHVWDWXOXLGLQHVWXO&DUSD LORUFRQGXVGHXQGRPQFDUHDYHDSULQWUHDWULEX LL
FRQGXFHUHDVXSUHPDDUPDWHLLGUHSWXOGHDEDWHPRQHG2 puncte
2. 3ULQFLSLX DO &RQVWLWX LHL GLQ  SULQ FDUH VH DVLJXUD DFFHVXO FHW HQLORU
5RPkQLHLODDFWLYLW LOHLIXQF LLOHSXEOLFH
2 puncte
3. )RU SROLWLFGHH[WUHPVWkQJFXUROGHSDUWLGXQLFvQ5RPkQLDvQWUH
.
2 puncte
4. 'UHSWXO FRQIHULW WXWXURU FHW HQLORU XQXL VWDW LQGLIHUHQW GH VWDUHD PDWHULDO VH[
FUHGLQ UHOLJLHQD LRQDOLWDWHGHDDOHJHRUJDQHOHFHQWUDOHLORFDOHDOHSXWHULLGH
stat.
.2 puncte
5. 3UDFWLF SROLWLF LQL LDW GH UHJHOH 5RPkQLHL OD VIkULWXO VHFROXOXL DO ;,;OHD
FDUDFWHUL]DW   SULQ DOWHUQDQ D OD SXWHUH D OLEHUDOLORU L D FRQVHUYDWRULORU

2 puncte
,,  6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ FkWH R SHUVRQDOLWDWH FDUH D IRVW LPSOLFDW vQ
ILHFDUHGLQWUHXUPWRDUHOHHYHQLPHQWHSURFHVHLVWRULFH
&RQGXFWRUDOXQHLIRUPD LXQLSROLWLFHSUHVWDWDOHGHODVXGGH&DUSD LPHQ LRQDWvQ
'LSORPD,RDQL LORU
2 puncte
9RLHYRGURPkQGLQ0DUDPXUHFDUHvQOWXUkQGGRPLQD LDPDJKLDUDFUHDWVWDWXO
medieval Moldova
2 puncte
3ULQFLSHvQWLPSXOFUXLD5RPkQLDDRE LQXWLQGHSHQGHQ DLVDSURFODPDWUHJDW
....
2 puncte
4. /LGHU DO 3DUWLGXOXL 1D LRQDO /LEHUDO L SULPPLQLVWUX VXFFHVRU DO OXL ,RQ &
%UWLDQXFDUHLDGHVIXUDWDFWLYLWDWHDSkQvQ2 puncte
,,, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ OLWHUHOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH HYHQLPHQWHORU SURFHVHORU
LVWRULFHvQRUGLQHDFURQRORJLFDGHVIXUULLDFHVWRUD
a. SURFODPDUHDLQGHSHQGHQ HLGHVWDWD5RPkQLHL
b. RUJDQL]DUHD$GXQULORUDGKRF
c. formarea Partidului Conservator
9 puncte
,9/DVIkULWXOSULPXOXLU]ERLPRQGLDOVDUHDOL]DW0DUHD8QLUHDWXWXURUURPkQLORU
3UH]HQWD LKRWUkUHDGHXQLUHD%DVDUDELHLFX5RPkQLDDYkQGvQYHGHUH
- FkWHRSUHPLVLQWHUQLXQDH[WHUQD0DULL8QLUL
- GRXPRPHQWHDOHSURFHVXOXLLVWRULFSULQFDUH%DVDUDELDKRWUWHXQLUHD
cu Romnia;
- RFRQVHFLQ LVWRULFD0DULL8QLUL
1RW 6H UHFRPDQG vQFDGUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL vQWUR SDJLQ 6H SXQFWHD] XWLOL]DUHD
OLPEDMXOXLLVWRULFRUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORU
20 puncte
V.
&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
,DUGDFVDUvQWkPSODFDHXLILXOPHXVPXULPIU XUPDL vQ OLQLH EUEWHDVF
 PDMHVWDWHD VD LPSHULDO L VXFFHVRULL VL YRU vQJGXL FD DUD 5RPkQHDVF V

108

DLE YRLHYRG VDX SULQFLSH EWLQD L GH DFHHDL OHJH FD L SkQ DFXP  L YRU
DOHJHLYRUvQWULFD
YRLHYRG SH DFHOD FDUH YD IL DOHV L SURSXV GH ERLHUL GH VWUL L VIDWXULOH ULL FX
nvoiala tuturor."
7UDWDWXOvQFKHLDWvQWUH0LKDL9LWHD]XOL5XGROIDO,,OHDvQ
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 7UDQVFULH L IRUPXOD FDUH H[SULP SULQFLSLXO GH VXFFHVLXQH HOHFWLY OD WURQXO ULL
5RPkQHWL
2 puncte
2. ([SOLFD LQR LXQHDLVWRULFYRLHYRG
5 puncte
3. 3UHFL]D LFRQIHVLXQHDH[SULPDWGHIRUPXODGHDFHHDLOHJHSHFDUHWUHEXLDV
RDLESULQFLSHOHFRQIRUPWH[WXOXLGHPDLVXV
4 puncte
4. 0HQ LRQD L FDWHJRULD VRFLDO LPSOLFDW vQ DOHJHUHD GRPQXOXL SUHFL]DW vQ WH[WXO
dat.
4 puncte
9,5HJLPFRQVWLWX LRQDOvQWRDWvQWLQGHUHDOXLVXSWGRPQLDHUHGLWDUSURFODPDWGH
QD LXQHvQ]LOHOHGH$SULOLHL0DLX
3URJUDPDOLEHUDOGLQ
3UH]HQWD LPRQDUKLDvQ5RPkQLDvQWUHLDYkQGvQYHGHUH
- QHFHVLWDWHDLQVWDXUULLPRQDUKLHLVWULQH
- WUHLUHSUH]HQWDQ LDLPRQDUKLHL
- WUHL SUHURJDWLYH DOH PRQDUKXOXL vQ RULFDUH GLQWUH FRQVWLWX LLOH DGRSWDWH vQ
DFHDVWSHULRDG
- RFDX]DvQOWXUULLPRQDUKLHLFRQVWLWX LRQDOH
1RW 6H UHFRPDQG vQFDGUDUHD vQ GRX SDJLQL 6H SXQFWHD] XWLOL]DUHD OLPEDMXOXL
LVWRULFRUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORU
28 puncte
%$5(0'(&25(&7$5(,127$5(
I.

II.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.

SXQFWHSHQWUXVDL
3 puncte pentru AdunarHHOHFWLY
SXQFWHSHQWUX%DQFD1D LRQDOD5RPkQLHL
3 puncte pentru Partidul Conservator
SXQFWHSHQWUX3DUWLGXO1D LRQDO/LEHUDO
SXQFWHSHQWUX,RQ&%UWLDQX
2 puncte pentru Alexandru Averescu
2 puncte pentru Carol al II-lea
2 puncte pentru Petru Groza

Total 15 puncte

Total 8 puncte

III.

&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHSR]L LRQDUHFRUHFWDHYHQLPHQWXOXLLVWRULFvQ
LUXOFURQRORJLF
1c;
2a;
3b
Total 12 puncte

IV.

,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH

cte 2 puncte pentru oricare doi factori care au favorizat proclamarea

regatului.

SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDQXPHOXLUHJHOXL

109

 SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHDWULEX LHDUHJHOXL
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDGDWHLSURFODPULLUHJDWXOXL
2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
1 punct pentru claritatea structurii textului (introducere-cuprins-concluzii)
1 punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/ideilor ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLF
1 punct pentru explicarea ideilor
1 punct pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice adecvate
SXQFWSHQWUXvQFDGUDUHDvQOLPLWDGHVSD LXLPSXV
Total 15 puncte
V.
1.
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOYRLHYRGXO
2.
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHXQJHDFXPLUSHGRPQ
vQFRURQDSHGRPQSDUWLFLSDOD6IDWXOGRPQHVFHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFH
UVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODL
sens.
3.
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHGH LQHDSXWHUHDH[HFXWLY
FRQGXFHDSROLWLFDH[WHUQDVWDWXOXL6HSXQFWHD]RULFHIRUPXODUHFX
DFHODLVHQV
4.
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHRUJDQL]DUHDPLWURSROLHL
FWLWRULLOHQXPLUHD0LWURSROLWXOXLHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFRUHFW
GLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 15 puncte
VI.
,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH
cte 1 punct pentru oricare doi factori care au favorizat preluarea puterii de
FWUHFRPXQLWL
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHWUHLPVXULDOHUHJLPXOXL*K*KHRUJKLX'HM
cte 2 puncte pentru oricare doi membri ai vechilor elite
2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
2 puncte pentru claritatea structurii textului (introducere-cuprins-concluzii)
1 punct pentru introducerea ideilor prin paragrafe
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii
1 punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/ideilor ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLFLVWRULF
3 puncte pentru explicarea ideilor
SXQFWHSHQWUXOLSVDH[SOLFD LHL
3 puncte pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice adecvate
SXQFWSHQWUXXWLOL]DUHDVSRUDGLFDWHUPLQRORJLHL
0 puncte pentru neutilizarea terminologiei istorice
SXQFWSHQWUXvQFDGUDUHDvQOLPLWDGHVSD LXLPSXV
SXQFWHSHQWUXGHSLUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXLPSXVH
Total 25 puncte
Total 90 puncte
6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX

I.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
RUHVSWPkQDO
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO0ROGRYD
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOHJDOLWDWHvQID DOHJLL
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO3DUWLGXO&RPXQLVW5RPkQ
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOYRWXQLYHUVDO

110

II.

SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOURWDWLYDJXYHUQDPHQWDO7RWDOSXQFWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH/LWRYRL6HQHVODX)DUFD,RDQ
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO%RJGDQ
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO&DURO&DURO,
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO'$6WXUG]D6WXUG]D
Total 8 puncte

&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHSR]L LRQDUHFRUHFWvQLUXOFURQRORJLFED
c.
Total 9 puncte
IV.
,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHSUHPLVLQWHUQLSHQWUXRULFDUHSUHPLVH[WHUQD
Marii Uniri
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXPRPHQWHDOHXQLULL%DVDUDELHLFX5RPkQLD
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHFRQVHFLQ D0DULL8QLUL
2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
1 punct pentru claritatea structurii textului (introducere-cuprins-concluzii)
1 punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/ideilor ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLF
1 punct pentru explicarea ideilor
1 punct pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice adecvate
SXQFWSHQWUXvQFDGUDUHDvQOLPLWDGHVSD LXLPSXV
Total 20 puncte
III.

V.

SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHYRUDOHJHSHDFHODFDUHYDIL
DOHVLSURSXVGHERLHULGHVWULLGHVIDWXULOH ULL
2.  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH FRPDQGDQW VXSUHP DO DUPDWH
vQ (YXO 0HGLX vQ ULOH 5RPkQH FRQGXFWRU PLOLWDU FRQGXFWRU DO XQHL
IRUPD LXQL SROLWLFH SUHVWDWDOH 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH IRUPXODUH FX DFHODL
sens.
3.  SXQFWH SHQWUX UVSXQVXO RUWRGR[LH 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH IRUPXODUH FX
DFHODLVHQV
4. SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOERLHUL
Total 15 puncte

VI.

,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH

SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHLGHLOHPHQ LQHUHDXQLULLSHULFROXOLQYD]LHLVWULQH
VWDELOLWDWHSROLWLFHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUH
LVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
cte 2 puncte pentru oricare trei dintre regii : Carol I, Ferdinand I, Carol II, Mihai I
2 puncte pentru datarea unei legi fundamentale (1866, 1923, 1938)
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHWUHLSUHURJDWLYHPRQDUKLFHQXPHWHLUHYRF
PLQLWULEDWHPRQHGFRPDQGDQWPLOLWDUHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFRUHFW
GLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHFRQVROLGDUHDSXWHULLSROLWLFHD
3DUWLGXOXL&RPXQLVW5RPkQUROXOGHFRQGXFWRUDORSR]L LHLGHPRFUDWLFHID GH
Partidul Comunist Romn n societate, instaurarea unei forme specific comuniste
GHJXYHUQDUHHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULF
LRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV

111

2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
2 punct pentru claritatea structurii textului (introducere-cuprins-concluzii)
1 punct pentru introducerea ideilor prin paragrafe
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii
1 punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/ideilor ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLF
0 puncte pentru nerespectarea succesiunii cronologice/logice a
evenimentelor/proceselor istorice
3 puncte pentru explicarea ideilor
SXQFWHSHQWUXOLSVDH[SOLFD LHL
3 puncte pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice adecvate
SXQFWSHQWUXXWLOL]DUHDVSRUDGLFDWHUPLQRORJLHL
0 puncte pentru neutilizarea terminologiei istorice
SXQFWSHQWUXvQFDGUDUHDvQOLPLWDGHVSD LXLPSXV
SXQFWHSHQWUXGHSLUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXLPSXVH
Total test 90 puncte
Total 28 puncte
6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
3UREVFULVOD,VWRULD5RPkQLORU
RUHVSWPkQDO
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de 3 ore.
, &RPSOHWD L VSD LLOH OLEHUH FX LQIRUPD LLOH LVWRULFH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH XUPWRDUHORU
GHILQL LL
3RSXOD LHFRORQL]DWvQ7UDQVLOYDQLDPHGLHYDODOWXULGHVHFXLLGHWHXWRQL
3 puncte
3DUWLGFRQVWLWXLWvQDGHSWDOSROLWLFLLSDLORUPUXQ L 3 puncte
3DUWLGSROLWLFFDUHDSURSXVLDVXV LQXW&RQVWLWX LDGLQ3 puncte
$OLDQ SROLWLFRPLOLWDUvPSRWULYDFUHLD5RPkQLDDLQWUDWvQU]ERLvQ
3 puncte
0HPEUXDOJXYHUQXOXLFDUHDYHDREOLJD LDVFRQWUDVHPQH]HDFWHOHPRQDUKXOXL
3 puncte
,,&RPSOHWD LVSD LLOHOLEHUHFXXQHYHQLPHQW LVWRULF vQ FDUH DIRVW LPSOLFDWILHFDUH
GLQWUHXUPWRDUHOHSHUVRQDOLW L
1. C.A..Rosetti
5 puncte
2. Ferdinand 5 puncte
,,, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ OLWHUHOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH XUPWRDUHORU
HYHQLPHQWHSURFHVHLVWRULFHvQRUGLQHDFURQRORJLFDGHVIXUULLORU
a. instaurarea Republicii Populare Romne
b. instaurarea monarhiei autoritare a regelui Carol al II-lea
FSUEXLUHDUHJLPXOXLFRPXQLVW
15 puncte
V.
&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
1RL0LKDLOYRLHYRGXO(IWLPLHDUKLHSLVFRSXO7kUJRYLWHL'LPLWULHYRUQLFEDQXO
0LKDOFHDVIHWQLFLLLGUHJWRULLQRWULUHSUH]HQWkQGvQWUHDJDDU5RPkQHDVF
GP GH WLUH L IDFHP FXQRVFXW SULQ VFULVRDUHD GH ID   F DP KRWUkW V
DGXFHP DFHDVW SURYLQFLH vQ VWDUHD HL GH PDL vQDLQWH DP vQFKHLDW L QHDP
vQ HOHV
112

QWkL PDLHVWDWHD VD LPSHULDO FkW YUHPH YD LQH U]ERLXO DFHVWD FX WXUFLL
QHYDGDSHQWUXDQHDSUD DUDLGDFVRDUWDQHYDILIDYRUDELOSHQWUXD
DWDFDSHGXPDQSODWDDGHRVWDL
WUDWDWGHDOLDQ DQWLRWRPDQvQWUH0LKDL9LWHD]XOLvPSUDWXO5XGROIDO,,OHD
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LFHULQ HORU
 7UDQVFULH L IXQF LD  OXL 0LKDL 9LWHD]XO  FDUH H[SULP FDOLWDWHD GH FRPDQGDQW
VXSUHPDODUPDWHL ULL4 puncte
0HQ LRQD LRDWULEX LHDPLWURSROLWXOXLIXQF LHGH LQXWLGH(IWLPLHDUKLHSLVFRSXO
7kUJRYLWHLOD4 puncte
3UHFL]D LDWLWXGLQHDDUKLHSLVFRSXOXL(IWLPLHID GHSROLWLFDDQWLRWRPDQDOXL0LKDL
9LWHD]XOSUH]HQWDWvQWH[WXOGHPDLVXV3 puncte
0HQ LRQD LRPVXUDGRSWDWGH'RPQLHvQIDYRDUHD%LVHULFLLvQ(YXO0HGLX
4 puncte
9&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
'HSXWD LL  vQWUHDE GDF JXYHUQXO D LQIRUPDW RILFLDO SXWHULOH GHVSUH UXSHUHD
UHOD LLORU FX 7XUFLD GHVSUH  LQWHQ LD &DPHUHORU GH D SURFODPD LQGHSHQGHQ D
.RJOQLFHDQXGHFODU
 VXQWHP R QD LXQH OLEHU LQGHSHQGHQW GDU SHQWUX D IL DFFHSWDW LQGHSHQGHQ D
WUHEXLHVSOHGPvQID D(XURSHL
WHOHJUDPD FRUHVSRQGHQWXOXL GH SUHV +DYDV UHIHULWRDUH OD SURFODPDUHD
LQGHSHQGHQ HL
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LFHULQ HORU
3UHFL]D LDQLLGHVIXUULL5]ERLXOXLGHLQGHSHQGHQ 3 puncte
 7UDQVFULH L FRQGL LD DFFHSWULL LQGHSHQGHQ HL 5RPkQLHL GH FWUH 0DULOH 3XWHUL vQ
YL]LXQHDOXL.RJOQLFHDQX
4 puncte
1XPL LLGDWD LHYHQLPHQWXOvQFDUHDIRVWUHFXQRVFXWLQGHSHQGHQ D5RPkQLHL
4 puncte
 3UHFL]D L UDSRUWXO SROLWLF GLQWUH ,PSHULXO 2WRPDQ L 5RPkQLD SkQ OD UXSHUHD
UHOD LLORUGLSORPDWLFH4 puncte
9,$FWXDODGLFWDWXUH[HUFLWDWGHRPkQGHFRPXQLWLLQVWUXL LOD0RVFRYDFDUHDX
SWUXQVvQ5RPkQLDRGDWFXWUXSHOHUXVHWLLFURUDOLVDXDOWXUDWRPLQRULWDWHGH
DYHQWXULHUL L RSRUWXQLWL DSDU LQkQG IRVWHL FODVH D SROLWLFLHQLORU GH SURIHVLH D IRVW
LQVWDXUDW SULQ LQWHUYHQ LD GLUHFW D 5XVLHL IDFLOLWDW GH SUH]HQ D vQ DU D DUPDWHL
sovietice.
15GHVFX0HPRULXFWUH'HSDUWDPHQWXOGHVWDWDO68$
3UH]HQWD LLQVWDXUDUHDLFRQVROLGDUHDUHJLPXOXLFRPXQLVWvQ5RPkQLDDYkQG
n vedere:
GRXPVXULDOHJXYHUQXOXLFRQGXVGH3HWUX*UR]DFDUHDXSHUPLVSUHOXDUHD
SXWHULLGHSOLQHGHFWUHFRPXQLWL
DOWHGRXPVXULDOHUHJLPXOXL*K*KHRUJKLX'HMFDUHDXSHUPLVFRQVROLGDUHD
dictaturii proletariatului;
GRL PHPEULL DL YHFKLORU HOLWH OLFKLGDWH GH FWUH FRPXQLWL vQ YHGHUHD
represiunii.

113

1RW6HUHFRPDQGvQFDGUDUHDSUH]HQWULLvQGRXSDJLQL6HSXQFWHD]XWLOL]DUHD
OLPEDMXOXLLVWRULFRUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORU
20 puncte

3UREVFULVOD,VWRULD5RPkQLORU
RUHVSWPkQDO
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de 3 ore.
, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ LQIRUPD LLOH LVWRULFH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH XUPWRDUHORU
GHILQL LL
 6WDW PHGLHYDO URPkQHVF vQWHPHLDW vQ VHFROXO DO ;,9OHD GH 'UDJR L GH
Bogdan
2 puncte
3ULQFLSLXVXFFHVRUDOSULQFDUHWURQXOVWDWHORUPHGLHYDOHURPkQHWLHUDWUDQVPLVvQ
FDGUXODFHOHLDLIDPLOLLGRPQLWRDUH
2 puncte
 $GXQUL FX URO FRQVXOWDWLY RUJDQL]DWH vQ 3ULQFLSDWHOH 5RPkQH vQ  vQ XUPD
KRWUkULL&RQJUHVXOXL&RQIHULQ HLGHOD3DULV
2 puncte
 6LWXD LH MXULGLF D XQHL UL FDUH QX DFFHSW LPSOLFDUHD vQWUR FRQIUXQWDUH
PLOLWDU
2 puncte
 0VXU OXDW GH VWDWXO FRPXQLVW SHQWUX FRQWUROXO PLMORDFHORU PDVVPHGLD L
VXSULPDUHDOLEHUW LLGHH[SULPDUHDLGHLORURVWLOHUHJLPXOXL2 puncte
,, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ FkWH XQ HYHQLPHQW LVWRULF vQ FDUH D IRVW LPSOLFDW
ILHFDUHGLQWUHXUPWRDUHOHSHUVRQDOLW L
1. Basarab 5 puncte
2. Alexandru Ioan Cuza . 5 puncte
,,, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ OLWHUHOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH XUPWRDUHORU HYHQLPHQWH
SURFHVHLVWRULFHvQRUGLQHDFURQRORJLFDGHVIXUULLDFHVWRUD
a. crearea Partidului Muncitoresc Romn
b. LQWUDUHD5RPkQLHLvQSULPXOU]ERLPRQGLDO
c. crearea Partidului Conservator
12 puncte
IV.
CitL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
(XFDURPkQLUHSUH]HQWDQWDOQD LXQLLQXSRWGHFkWVPSURQXQ VXVLWDUHF
DFHDVW DU HVWH OLEHU L LQGHSHQGHQW L GRPQXO 5RPkQLHL HVWH GRPQXO XQHL UL
OLEHUHLDEVROXWLQGHSHQGHQWH
'LVFXUVXOOXL1)OHYDFXRFD]LDSURFODPULLLQGHSHQGHQ HL5RPkQLHL
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 1XPL L VWDWXO VXE VX]HUDQLWDWHD FUXLD VD DIODW 5RPkQLD SkQ OD RE LQHUHD
LQGHSHQGHQ HL
5 puncte
2. 1XPL LGRPQXO5RPkQLHLvQWLPSXOFUXLDVDRE LQXWLQGHSHQGHQ D 5 puncte
3. 0HQ LRQD LDQLLvQWLPSXOFURUDVDGHVIXUDWU]ERLXOGHLQGHSHQGHQ 
3 puncte
4. 7UDQVFULH L IRUPXOD FDUH DWHVW IDSWXO F 1 )OHYD LQH DFHVW GLVFXUV vQ
Parlamentul Romniei.
2 puncte

114

V.
&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV
>$XWRULW LOHLDXSHUPLV@VWHDUJGLQOLVWHvQPRGDUELWUDURULFHFHW HDQSHFDUHO
FUHGH F QX DU YRWD FRQIRUP FHULQ HORU JXYHUQDPHQWDOH  VDX IFXW vQVFULHUL
PXOWLSOH DOH FHORUODO L DOHJWRUL SH PRWLY F IXQF LRQHD] OD GLIHULWH vQWUHSULQGHUL
GHRGDWEDFKLDUvQIRDUWHPXOWHFD]XULDXIRVWvQVFULLDWkWODvQWUHSULQGHULFkWLOD
domiciliile lor."
(Ziarul Liberalul, 1946)
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1. 7UDQVFULH LGRXPHWRGHIRORVLWHGHDXWRULW LvQYHGHUHDIDOVLILFULLDOHJHULORU
2 puncte
1XPL LSDUWLGXOFDUHDIDOVLILFDWUH]XOWDWXODOHJHULORUGLQ
4 puncte
3. 3UHFL]D LDQXOIRUPULLJXYHUQXOXL*UR]DFDUHDFFHSWIUDXGDUHDDOHJHULORU
4 puncte
0HQ LRQD LXQPRWLYSHQWUXFDUHSHED]DIUDXGULLUH]XOWDWXOXLDOHJHULORUPRQDUKLD
DIRVWvQOWXUDW
5 puncte
9,  6 FXWP R &RQVWLWX LH QRX vQ FHOH GRX PDUL L]YRDUH OD FDUH QH SXWHP
DGUHVDvQWRWGHDXQDFXVLJXUDQ ODWUHFXWXOQRVWUXLODVXIOHWXOPDVHORUDGkQFL
DOH SRSRUXOXL QRVWUX  FHHD FH SUHWLQG HOH HVWH UHDOLWDWH VSRUQLF L IRORVLWRDUH
tuturor."
(N. Iorga)
3UH]HQWD L&RQVWLWX LDGLQDYkQGvQYHGHUH
- QHFHVLWDWHDDGRSWULLXQHLQRL&RQVWLWX LLLSDUWLGXOFDUHDSURPRYDWR
- SDWUXSUHYHGHULDOH&RQVWLWX LHL
- FDUDFWHUXO&RQVWLWX LHL
1RW6HUHFRPDQGvQFDGUDUHDSUH]HQWULLvQGRXSDJLQL6HSXQFWHD] XWLOL]DUHD
OLPEDMXOXLLVWRULFRUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORU
28 puncte
%$5(0'(&25(&7$5(,127$5(
,SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOVDL
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO3DUWLGXO&RQVHUYDWRU
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO3DUWLGXO1D LRQDO/LEHUDO31/
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO7ULSOD$OLDQ 3XWHULOH&HQWUDOH
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOPLQLVWUX
Total 15 puncte.
,,   SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH DFWLYHD] vQ 31/ FRQGXFH
OLEHUDOLLUDGLFDOLHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULF
LRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH VXFFHGH OXL &DURO , UDWLILF  0DUHD
8QLUHVHvQFRURQHD]OD$OED,XOLDHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFW
GHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 10 puncte
,,,&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHSR]L LRQDUHFRUHFWvQLUXOFURQRORJLFED
c.
Total 15 puncte
,9SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOYRLHYRGXO

115

  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH vQFRURQDUHD GRPQXOXL XQJHUHD FX

PLU SDUWLFLSDUHD OD 6IDWXO 'RPQHVF HWF 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH UVSXQV FRUHFW GLQ
SXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
  SXQFWH SHQWUX UVSXQVXO VXV LQHUH 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH IRUPXODUH FX DFHODL
sens.
  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH RUJDQL]DUHD 0LWURSROLHL D %LVHULFLL
FWLWRULUHHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFH
IRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 15 puncte
9SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOWUHEXLHVSOHGPvQID D(XURSHL
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOH&RQJUHVXOGHSDFHGHOD6DQ
Stefano/ 1878 Congresul de pace de la Berlin.
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHVX]HUDQLWDWHYDVDOLWDWH6HSXQFWHD]
RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 15 puncte
VI.
,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXGLQWUHLGHLOHHSXUDUHDDSDUDWXOXLDGPLQLVWUDWLY
IUDXGDUHDDOHJHULORULPSXQHUHDDEGLFULLUHJHOXLHWF6HSXQFWHD]RULFHUVSXQV
FRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
FkWHSXQFWH SHQWUXRULFDUH GRX GLQWUH LGHLOH DGRSWDUHD &RQVWLWX LHL GLQ 
 IRUPDUHD 305 HWF 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH UVSXQV FRUHFW GLQ SXQFW GH
YHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
cte 1 punct pentru oricare doi lideri ai vechilor elite.
2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXFODULWDWHDVWUXFWXUULLWH[WXOXLLQWURGXFHUHFXSULQVFRQFOX]LL
 SXQFW SHQWUX LQWURGXFHUHD LGHLORU SULQ SDUDJUDIH VFKL DUHD XQHL VWUXFWXUUL D
textului.
0 puncte pentru text nestructurat
1punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/proceselor istorice ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLF
0 puncte pentru nerespectarea succesiunii cronologice/logice a evenimentelor/
proceselor istorice.
3 puncte pentru explicarea ideilor.
SXQFWHSHQWUXOLSVDH[SOLFD LLORU
3 puncte pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice adecvate.
1 punct pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice insuficiente.
0 puncte pentru neutilizarea unei terminologii istorice.
SXQFWSHQWUXvQFDGUDUHDvQOLPLWDGHVSD LXLPSXV
SXQFWHSHQWUXGHSLUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXLPSXVH
Total 20 puncte
Total 90 puncte
6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX

I.

%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
RUHVSWPkQDO
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO0ROGRYD
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOHUHGLWDU
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO$GXQULDGKRF
116

SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOQHXWUDOLWDWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOFHQ]XU

Total 10 puncte

II.
1. 5 punctH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH vQWHPHLD] VWDWXO PHGLHYDO
DUD 5RPkQHDVF RE LQH YLFWRULD GH OD 3RVDGD RE LQH LQGHSHQGHQ D ULL
5RPkQHWL HWF 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH UVSXQV FRUHFW GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH LVWRULF L
RULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
2  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH HVWH DOHV GRPQHWH vQ
3ULQFLSDWHOH 8QLWH VXV LQH PRGHUQL]DUHD VWDWXOXL URPkQ HWF 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH
UVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 10 puncte
,,,&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHSR]L LRQDUHFRUHFWvQLUXOFURQRORJLFFED
Total 12 puncte
IV.
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO,PSHULXO2WRPDQ
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO&DURO
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOUHSUH]HQWDQWDOQD LXQLL
Total 15 puncte
V.
&kWHSXQFWSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHVWHDUJGLQOLVWHvQ
PRG DUELWUDU  VDXIFXW vQVFULHUL PXOWLSOH DOHDFHORUDLDOHJWRUL DXIRVW vQVFULL
DWkWODvQWUHSULQGHULFkWLODGRPLFLOLLOHORU
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO3DUWLGXO&RPXQLVW5RPkQ
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO
  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH OHJLWLPDUHD SXWHULL FRPXQLVWH
RE LQHUHD PDMRULW LL vQ 3DUODPHQW L]RODUHD PRQDUKLHL HWF 6H SXQFWHD] RULFH
UVSXQVFRUHFWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHLVWRULFLRULFHIRUPXODUHFXDFHODLVHQV
Total 15 puncte
9,,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH
 SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH LGHH FDUH H[SOLF QHFHVLWDWHD DGRSWULL &RQVWLWX LHL GLQ
1923
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHD31/
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHSDWUXSUHYHGHULDOH&RQVWLWX LHL
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDFDUDFWHUXOXLGHPRFUDWLF
2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXFODULWDWHDVWUXFWXUULLWH[WXOXLLQWURGXFHUHFXSULQVFRQFOX]LL
 SXQFW SHQWUX LQWURGXFHUHD LGHLORU SULQ SDUDJUDIH VFKL DUHD XQHL VWUXFWXUUL D
textului.
0 puncte pentru text nestructurat
1punct pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/proceselor istorice ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLF
0 puncte pentru nerespectarea succesiunii cronologice/logice a evenimentelor/
proceselor istorice.
3 puncte pentru explicarea ideilor.
0 SXQFWHSHQWUXOLSVDH[SOLFD LLORU
3 puncte pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice adecvate.
1 punct pentru utilizarea unei terminologii istorice insuficiente.
0 puncte pentru neutilizarea unei terminologii istorice.
SXQFWSHQWUXvQFDGUDUHDvQOLPLWDGHVSD LXLPSXV
SXQFWHSHQWUXGHSLUHDOLPLWHLGHVSD LXLPSXVH
Total 28 puncte
117

6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX

Total test 90 puncte

3UREVFULVOD,VWRULH8QLYHUVDO
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de 3 ore.
, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ LQIRUPD LLOH LVWRULFH FDUH FRPSOHWHD] XUPWRDUHOH
GHILQL LL
&RQFHS LHUHOLJLRDVED]DWSHDGRUDUHDXQHLVLQJXUHGLYLQLW L 3 puncte
 &RQIOLFW vQWUH 6SDUWD L $WHQD vQ FDUH VDX LPSOLFDW L DOWH RUDHVWDW SHQWUX
VXSUHPD LHvQ*UHFLDDQWLF
3 puncte
)RUPGHJXYHUQDUHLQWURGXVGH'LRFOH LDQvQ,PSHULXO5RPDQ3 puncte
 &XUHQW OLWHUDUDUWLVWLF DSUXW OD PLMORFXO VHFROXOXL DO ;,;OHD FDUH vQI LHD]
UHDOLW LOH VRFLHW LL EXUJKH]H DYkQGXO FD UHSUH]HQWDQW SH +RQRUp GH %DO]DF
..
3 puncte
 'RFWULQ D FHUFXULORU GH GUHDSWD DSOLFDW GH %HQLWR 0XVVROLQL GXS SUHOXDUHD
SXWHULLvQ,WDOLDLQWHUEHOLF
3 puncte
,,2UGRQD LFURQRORJLFXUPWRDUHOHHYHQLPHQWHLVWRULFHVFULLQGSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQ
OLWHUHOHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHVXFFHVLXQLLFRUHFWH
a. reformele lui Pericle n Atena;
b. vQILLQ DUHD5HJDWXOXL(JLSWXOXL
c. FRQGXFHUHDVWDWXOXLGDFGHFWUH%XUHELVWD
d. FRQGXFHUHDVWDWXOXLURPDQGHFWUH7UDLDQ
e. organizarea Imperiului Macedonean.
10 puncte
,,, Q FRORDQD $ DYH L HQXPHUD L RDPHQL SROLWLFL LDU vQ FRORDQD % DYH L QXPHURWDWH
VWDWH6FULH LSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQDVRFLHULOHGLQWUHILHFDUHOLWHUGLQFRORDQD$LFLIUD
FRUHVSXQ]WRDUHVWDWHORUGLQFRORDQD%
A
a. Franois Mitterand
b. Margaret Thatcher
c. Helmuth Kohl
d. George Bush
e. Silvio Berlusconi

B
1. Marea Britanie
2. Spania
)UDQ D
4. Germania
5. Statele Unite ale Americii
6. Italia
15 puncte

,9&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV

'HFkQGPLDPSLHUGXWWDWODPDMXQVVFUHGFGDWRULDPHDHVWHVPGHGLFvQ
vQWUHJLPH ULL PHOH  $P vQFHSXW V PUHVF SXWHUHD PLOLWDU D VWDWXOXL $P
SXV IXQGD LLOH XQHL QRL DFDGHPLL $P vQILLQ DW XQ FROHJLX QRX SHQWUX FRPHU  L
industrie.
VFULVRDUHDOXL)UHGHULFDO,,OHDFWUH9ROWDLUH
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1XPL LVWDWXOvQFDUHDGRPQLW)UHGHULFDO,,OHD
4 puncte
 7UDQVFULH L GRX PVXUL DGRSWDWH GH )UHGHULF DO ,,OHD vQ FDOLWDWH GH GHVSRW
luminat.
8 puncte

118

'HILQL LFRQFHS LDILORVRILFRSROLWLFOXPLQLVW

2 puncte
 0HQ LRQD L FRQFHS LD OXL 9ROWDLUH FD WHRUHWLFLDQ DO GHVSRWLVPXOXL OXPLQDW SULYLQG
guvernarea statelor n secolul al XVIII-lea.
3 puncte
 0HQ LRQD L FRQFHS LD SROLWLF D OXL 5RXVVHDX SRWULYLW OXFUULL VDOH &RQWUDFWXO
social.
3 puncte
V.
-

3UH]HQWD LHYROX LD8566GXSDYkQGvQYHGHUH

GRLOLGHULFRPXQLWLLFkWHRPVXUDGRSWDWGHFWUHDFHWLDvQSROLWLFDLQWHUQ
LvQFHDH[WHUQ
UHDF LDXQXLVWDWFRPXQLVWID GHDPHVWHFXO0RVFRYHLvQSROLWLFDVDLQWHUQ
GHVWUPDUHD8566

1RW6HSXQFWHD]LRUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
30 puncte
3UREVFULVOD,VWRULH8QLYHUVDO
7RDWHVXELHFWHOHVXQWREOLJDWRULL6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
Timpul efectiv de lucru este de 3 ore.
, 6FULH L SH IRDLD GH H[DPHQ LQIRUPD LLOH LVWRULFH FDUH FRPSOHWHD] XUPWRDUHOH
GHILQL LL
5HJLPSROLWLFLQVWDXUDWvQ$WHQDSULQUHIRUPHOHOXL6RORQ&OLVWHQHL3HULFOH
2 puncte
7HPSOXWUDGL LRQDOUHOLJLRVvQ&KLQD
2 puncte
 &RQIHVLXQH FUHWLQ UHIRUPDW LQL LDW GH -HDQ &DOYLQ FDUDFWHUL]DW GH LGHHD
SUHGHVWLQULL
2 puncte
&DWHJRULHVRFLDOLQWLWXODWVWDUHDD,,DvQ)UDQ D9HFKLXOXL5HJLPGH LQWRDUHGH
IXQF LLLGRPHQLLIXQFLDUH
2 puncte
'RFWULQDLQL LDWvQGHFWUH68$DYkQGGUHSWVFRSPHQ LQHUHDLQIOXHQ HL
DPHULFDQHvQ0HGLWHUDQD2ULHQWDO
2 puncte
,,2UGRQD LFURQRORJLFXUPWRDUHOHHYHQLPHQWHLVWRULFHVFULLQGSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQ
OLWHUHOHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHVXFFHVLXQLLFRUHFWH
DDSDUL LDOXPLQLVPXOXL
EDSDUL LDUHDOLVPXOXL
FDSDUL LDURPDQWLVPXOXL
GDSDUL LDVLPEROLVPXOXL
HDSDUL LDXPDQLVPXOXL
10 puncte
,,, Q FRORDQD $ DYH L HQXPHUDWH IRUPH GH JXYHUQPkQW LDU vQ FRORDQD % DYH L
QXPHURWDWLFRQGXFWRULGHVWDWH6FULH LSHIRDLDGHH[DPHQDVRFLHULOHGLQWUHILHFDUH
OLWHUGLQFRORDQD$LFLIUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHGLQFRORDQD%
A
B
DPRQDUKLDDEVROXWLVW
/HFK:DHVD
EGHVSR LDRULHQWDO
2. Helmuth Kohl
FPRQDUKLDFRQVWLWX LRQDO
3. Ludovic al XVI-lea
d. Principatul
4. Ramses al II- lea
HUHSXEOLFDIHGHUDWLY
5. Octavian Augustus
6. Elisabeta a II-a
15 puncte

119

,9&LWL LFXDWHQ LHWH[WXOGHPDLMRV

$MXQJH V ULGLF GRDU GHJHWXO PLF L 7LWR QX YD PDL IL! D ]LV 6WDOLQ  7LWR QX D
F]XW7LWRDYHDvQVSDWHOHOXLXQVWDWLXQSRSRUFDUHWUHFXVHUSULQFRDODJUHD
DOXSWHLSHQWUXOLEHUWDWHLLQGHSHQGHQ XQSRSRUFDUHvLVXV LQHFRQGXFWRULL
+UXFLRYGHVSUHFRQIOLFWXOGLQWUH6WDOLQL7LWR
3RUQLQGGHODDFHVWWH[WUVSXQGH LXUPWRDUHORUFHULQ H
1XPL LVWDWXOFRQGXVGH7LWR
4 puncte
7UDQVFULH LXQPRWLYSHQWUXFDUH7LWRQXDSXWXWILvQOWXUDW
2 puncte
3UHFL]D LXQPRWLYSHQWUXFDUH7LWRLVDRSXVOXL6WDOLQ
5 puncte
1XPL LDOWHGRXVWDWHvQFDUH8566DLPSXVUHJLPXOFRPXQLVW 4 puncte
3UHFL]D LDWLWXGLQHDOXL+UXFLRYID GHSROLWLFDVWDOLQLVWvQ 5 puncte
93UH]HQWD L5HJDWXO(YUHLORUL,PSHULXO3HUVDQDYkQGvQYHGHUH
-

IRUPDGHJXYHUQDUHVSHFLILF2ULHQWXOXLDQWLFLGRXFDUDFWHULVWLFLDOHDFHVWHLD

IRUPDUHDUHJDWHORULLPSHULLORUvQ2ULHQWXODQWLF

HYROX LDDFHVWRUGRXVWDWHvQDQWLFKLWDWH

1RW6HSXQFWHD]LRUGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUXWLOL]DUHDOLPEDMXOXLLVWRULF
35 puncte
%$5(0'(&25(&7$5(,127$5(
,SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOPRQRWHLVP
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOU]ERLXOSHORSRQHVLDF
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOGRPLQDW
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOUHDOLVP
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOIDVFLVP
Total 15 puncte
,, &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH SR]L LRQDUH FRUHFW D HYHQLPHQWXOXL LVWRULF vQ LUXO
cronologic:
1- b;
2- a;
3- e;
4- c;
5- d.
Total 10 puncte
,,,&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHSHUHFKHFRUHFWVWDELOLW
a-3;
b-1;
c-4;
d-5;
e-6.
Total 15 puncte
,9SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO3UXVLD
 &kWH  SXQFWH SHQWUX RULFDUH GRX GLQWUH UVSXQVXULOH DP vQFHSXW V PUHVF
SXWHUHDPLOLWDUDPSXVIXQGD LLOHXQHLQRLDFDGHPLLDPvQILLQ DWXQFROHJLXQRX
SHQWUXFRPHU LLQGXVWULH
3. 2 puncte pentru definirea luminismului
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDFRQFHS LHLOXL9ROWDLUH
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDFRQFHS LHLOXL5RXVVHDX
Total 20 puncte
9,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH

120

 FkWHSXQFWSHQWUXRULFDUHGRLOLGHULFRPXQLWL
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHPVXUDGRSWDWvQSROLWLFDLQWHUQGHILHFDUHGLQWUH
lideri;
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHPVXUDGRSWDWvQSROLWLFDH[WHUQGHILHFDUHGLQWUH
lideri;
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHDWLWXGLQHDXQXLVWDWFRPXQLVWID GHLQWHUYHQ LD5XVLHLvQ
SROLWLFDLQWHUQ
SXQFWSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDDQXOXL
SXQFWHSHQWUXIRUPDUHD&RPXQLW LL6WDWHORU,QGHSHQGHQWH
2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXFODULWDWHDVWUXFWXUULLWH[WXOXLLQWURGXFHUHFXSULQVFRQFOX]LL
1 punct pentru introducere-cuprins/ cuprins-concluzii
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii.
2 puncte pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/ideilor ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLF
0 puncte pentru nerespectarea cronologiei
2 puncte pentru explicarea ideilor
0 puncte pentru simpla enumerare a ideilor
3 puncte pentru utilizarea terminologiei istorice
SXQFWSHQWUXXWLOL]DUHDVSRUDGLFDWHUPLQRORJLHLLVWRULFH
0 puncte pentru lipsa terminologiei istorice.
Total 30 puncte
Total test 90 puncte
6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX
%DUHPGHFRUHFWDUHLQRWDUH
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOGHPRFUD LH
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOSDJRG
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOFDOYLQLVP
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOQRELOLPHDULVWURFUD LH
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXOGRFWULQD7UXPDQ7UXPDQ
Total 10 puncte
,,&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHSR]L LRQDUHFRUHFWvQLUXOFURQRORJLF
1- e;
2- a;
3- c;
4- b;
5- d.
Total 10 puncte
,,,&kWHSXQFWHSHQWUXILHFDUHSHUHFKHFRUHFWVWDELOLW
a- 3;
b- 4;
c- 6;
d- 5;
e- 2.
Total 15 puncte
IV.
SXQFWHSHQWUXUVSXQVXO<XJRVODYLD
SXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHDYHDvQVSDWHOHOXLXQVWDWLXQ
SRSRUFDUHWUHFXVHUSULQFRDODJUHDDOXSWHLSHQWUXOLEHUWDWHLLQGHSHQGHQ XQ
SRSRUFDUHvLVXV LQHFRQGXFWRULL
SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDRULFUXLPRWLYFDUHH[SOLFDWLWXGLQHDOXL7LWR
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXVWDWHFRPXQLVWH
I.

121

SXQFWHSHQWUXPHQ LRQDUHDDWLWXGLQLLOXL+UXFLRY
Total 20 puncte
9,QIRUPD LDLVWRULFSXQFWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXIRUPDGHJXYHUQDUHVSHFLILF2ULHQWXOXLDQWLF
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXRULFDUHGRXFDUDFWHULVWLFL
3 puncte pentru modul de formare al regatelor
3 puncte pentru modul de formare al imperiilor
FkWHSXQFWHSHQWUXHYROX LDILHFUXLVWDW
2UGRQDUHDLH[SOLFDUHDLGHLORUSXQFWH
SXQFWHSHQWUXFODULWDWHDVWUXFWXUULLWH[WXOXLLQWURGXFHUHFXSULQVFRQFOX]LL
1 punct pentru introducere-cuprins/ cuprins-concluzii
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii.
2 puncte pentru prezentarea evenimentelor/ideilor ntr-o succesiune
FURQRORJLFORJLF
0 puncte pentru nerespectarea cronologiei
2 puncte pentru explicarea ideilor
0 puncte pentru simpla enumerare a ideilor
3 puncte pentru utilizarea terminologiei istorice
SXQFWSHQWUXXWLOL]DUHDVSRUDGLFDWHUPLQRORJLHLLVWRULFH
0 puncte pentru lipsa terminologiei istorice.
Total 35 puncte
Total test 90 puncte
6HDFRUGSXQFWHGLQRILFLX

122

BIBLIOGRAFIE

QY DUHDvQFRDO('3%XFXUHWL

Ausubel, D.,
Robinson, F.
Bethell, G.

Carey, L.

Gronlund, N.

5
6

7HVWHGHFXQRWLQ H. ('3%XFXUHWL
.(YDOXDUHDFRQWLQXDHOHYLORULH[DPHQHORU.
Manual de docimologie('3%XFXUHWL
&DOLWDWHDvQY PkQWXOXL&DGUXFRQFHSWXDO, evaluare
Lisievici, P.
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Didactic,1993.
Assessment and the Secondarz School Teacher,
Hale, D.S.,
Macintosh, H.G.
Kegan Paul, London, 1976.
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Measuring and Evaluating School Learning. Allyn
and Bacon, Inc.,1988.
Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching, Ed. a IVa, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 1981.

Holban, I.
Landsheere, G

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