Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Plant Lagundi Niyog-niyogan Yerba Buena

Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy Bayabas

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Common Name Botanical Origin Ontogenic Factors Overall External Features

lagundi (Tagalog) five-leaved chaste tree (English) Vitex negundo Linn. (Fam. Verbenaceae) found at low and medium altitudes, in waste places, thickets erect, branched shrub 2-5 meters in height

Leaves

Plant Description

Stems Roots

usually have 5 leaflets, palmately arranged leaflets lanceolate 4-10 cm long hairy beneath and pointed at both ends middle leaflets being larger than the others and distinctly stalked blue, numerous 6-7 mm long born in terminal inflorescences (panicles) 10-20 cm long calyx: hairy, 5 toothed corolla: densely hairy in the throat, middle lobe of lower lip is the longest succulent drupe black when ripe, rounded about 4mm in diameter

niyog-niyogan (Tagalog) chinese honeysuckle (English) yesterday, today and tomorrow (English) Quisqualis indica Linn. (Fam. Combretaceae) found throughout Philippines in thickets and secondary forests large, climbing woody shrub 2-8 meters in height younger parts have rusty appearance on account of brown hairs oblong to elliptic 7-15 cm long with pointed tip and rounded base

herba Buena (Tagalog) peppermint (English) marsh mint (English) Mentha x cordifolia Opiz Ex Frescen (Fam. Lamiaceae) native of Europe; grows well in high elevations and rarely flowers in lowlands prostate, smooth, slightly hairy strongly aromatic purplish herb elliptic to oblong-ovate 1.5-4 cm long, short-stalked toothed in the margins and rounded or blunt=tipped

bagabas guava Psidium guajava Linn. (Fam. Myrtaceae) very commons in thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes 8 meters in height young branches are four-angled

oblong to elliptic opposite 5-12 cm long apex is pointed and base is rounded

fragrant and showy first white and then red, reddish-purple or orange, exhibiting all these different stages on one and the same flower stalk

axillary, head-like whorls calyx teeth are triangualar or lanceolate and hairy corolla is also hairy

solitary or 2-3 together peduncles are 1-3 flowered white 3-3.5 cm

Flowers

Fruits

narrowly ellipsoid 2.5-3 cm long with five sharp, longitudinal angles or wings anti-helmintic seeds

Seeds Medicinal Use Parts Used

bronchodilator expectorant leaves

counterirritant for body pain and muscle pain leaves

rounded, ovoid or obovoid 4-9 cm long green but yellowish when ripe and contains many seeds embedded in aromatic pink edible pulp antiseptic applied to living tissue or skin leaves

Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Plant Sambong Akapulko Tsaang Gubat

Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy Ulasimang Bato

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Common Name Botanical Origin Ontogenic Factors Overall External Features

Leaves

blumea camphor (English) dalapot lalakdan Blumea balsamifera (Linn.) DC (Fam. Asteraceae) common in open grasslands at low and medium altitudes coarse, tall, erect, half-woody, strongly aromatic herb densely and softly hairy 1.5 to 3 meters in height elliptic to oblong-lanceolate 7 to 20 cm long toothed at the margins pointed at the tip narrow to short petiole

ringworm bush (English) palochina bayabasin Cassia alata Linn. (Fam. Fabaceae) areas at low and medium altitudes coarse, erect, branched shrub 1.5 to 3 meters in height

kalimomog wild tea (English) Carmona retussa Vahl. (Fam. Boraginaceae) thickets, secondary forests at low altitudes 4 to 10 meters in height

silver bush (English) shiny bush (English) clear weed (English) Peperomia pellucida Linn. (Fam. Piperaceae)

very succulent erect branched herb 5 to 40 cm in height ovate 1 to 3 cm pointed tip and heart-shaped base pale green pellucid and shining

Plant Description

Stems Roots

grows up to 2.5 cm in diameter stalked yellow, numerous 6-7 mm long born on branches of a large terminal spreading or pyramidal, leafy panicle

pinnate 40 to 60 cm long leaflets oblong 5 to 15 cm long broad and rounded at apex small point at tip yellow simple or panicled raceme terminal and at the axils of the leaves 10 to 50 cm long

oblong-ovate, elliptic-ovate 8-18 cm long pointed tip, rounded base

5 mm thick round, woody, branching taproot system white, 5-parted terminal, axillary

round and often 5 mm thick taproot system terminal naked, spike inflorescence maturing gradually from the base to the tip turns brown when ripe brownish somewhat spherical less than 1mm thick

Flowers

Fruits

Seeds Medicinal Use Parts Used

diuretic anti-urolithiasis leaves

dark brown or black pod, straight theres a wing which runs the length of the pod contains 50 to 60 flattened triangular seeds anti-allergy leaves

ovoid, somewhat fleshy 5 mm

4-seed enclosed inside the fruit for stomach and abdominal pain leaves

seeds enclosed inside the fruit lowers uric acid stem and leaves

Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Plant Bawang Ampalaya

Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy

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Common Name

Botanical Origin Ontogenic Factors Overall External Features

garlic (English) nectar of the gods poor mans treacle stinking rose Allium sativum(Linn. (Fam. Aliaceae)

bitter gourd (English)

Momordica charantia Linn. (Fam. Cucurbitaceae) thickets, waste places climbing nearly or quite smooth vine rounded 2.5 to 10 cm cut nearly to the base into 5 or 7 oblongovate variously toothed of lobed heart-shaped vase tendrils for support

low herbs 30 to 60 cm in height linear flat

Leaves

Plant Description

Stems Roots

reduced true stem bulb: broadly ovoid 2 to 4 cm diameter root hairs are fleshy and fibrous

yellow axillary and long peduncled male: peduncled with rounded bract at the middle female: long-peduncled oblong, cylindric pointed at both ends ribbed and wrinkled oblong, compressed 10 to 13 mm long corrugated on the margins anti-diabetic (non-insulin dependent) leaves

Flowers

Fruits Seeds Medicinal Use Parts Used

umbels are globase, nearly always with bulbs and with many flowers sepals are oblong, greenish white, tinged with purple stamens are not exerted from perianth

anti-hypercholesterolemia stem (bulb)