Vocatives

Mom, when are you going to work? Dad, I need some gas money. Sis, let me borrow your car. Bro, I want that hat. Homie, let me hitch a ride to town. Dont you charge at me, cow.
Mom, Dad, Sis, Bro, Homie, Cow are all vocatives..

Terms used when addressing someone

Animal Vocatives
add in to the noun stem
cow dog cat horse bear duck bird wookeciin he3ebiin woouun woxhooxebiin woxuun siisiiciin niieihin

Kinship Vocatives
Relationships all have a vocative form
Mom Dad Daughter Son Grandmother Grandfather Nooo Neixoo Notoo Nei Neiwoo Nebesiiwoo/Besiiwoo

Kinship Vocatives
Relationships all have a vocative form
Older Sister Older Brother Younger Sister Younger Brother Neibihoo Neesohoo Hiseinhi Ceitehei

Kinship Vocatives
Relationships all have a vocative form
Aunt (Fathers sister) Uncle (Mothers brother) Niece Nephew Friend Neheihoo Nesihoo Neesoboo Ne3eee Bee

Talking to someone vs. Talking about someone

Talking to someone (Vocative) Mom Dad Daughter Son Grandmother Grandfather Older Sister Older Brother Younger Sister Younger Brother Nooo Neixoo Notoo Nei Neiwoo Nebesiiwoo/Besiiwoo Nebihoo Neesohoo Neehebehe Neehebehe Talking about someone (Reference form) Neinoo Neisonoo Notoone Neihe Neieibehe Nebesiibehe Nebi Neesehe Neehebehe Neehebehe

Talking to someone vs. Talking about someone

Talking to someone (Vocative) Aunt Uncle Niece Nephew Friend Neheihoo Nesihoo Neesoboo Ne3eee Bee Talking about someone (Reference) Nehei Nesi Neesebi Ne3ee3e Notou (f)/Netehei (m)

Vocatives do not exist in the plural. One simply says my sons or my aunts, etc. as if you were talking about them.

Possession

Possession- Inanimate
Possessive prefixes identify who the owner is.
my ne-, no your he-, ho his/her hi-, hiinebiixuut nowo3onohoe hebiixuut howo3onohoe hibiixuut hiwo3onohoe nebiixuutono nowo3onohoeno hebiixuutono howo3onohoeno hibiixuutono hiwo3onohoeno

Possession- Inanimate
Plural owners use the same prefixes, but also need a suffix added
our (incl) ne-, no -inoo our (exc) ne-, no -in nebiixuutooninoo nowo3onohoeninoo

nebiixuutoonin nowo3onohoenin

Possession- Inanimate
Plural owners use the same prefixes, but also need a suffix
your (pl) he-, ho -inoo their hi-, hii -inoo hebiixuutooninoo howo3onohoeninoo

hibiixuutooninoo hiwo3onohoeninoo

Possession
With nouns that begin with an h or a stop (hooowu, otii, hotii, he3), the h/ will change to a t when adding a possessing prefix. hooowu.notooowu otii.hiitotii hotii.hototii he3nete3ebiib

Possession- Inanimate aberrations

niiinoon wote cote wotoo woein netiiinoon neyeihe honote hinoteeeninoo hiinotoo hinoeinooninoo

Possession- Animate
The same prefixes are used.
my, our ne-, no your, your (pl) he-, ho his/her, their hi-, hii-

However, suffixes/endings are different

Possession- Animate
singular possessed plural possessed

nebee3eib hebee3eib hibee3eiw nebee3eibinoo nebee3eibin hebee3eibinoo hibee3eibinoo

nebee3eiwo hebee3eiwo hibee3eiwo nebee3eibinoo nebee3eibin hebee3eibinoo hibee3eibinoo

Possession- Animate
singular possessed plural possessed

nete3ebiib hete3ebiib hite3ebiiw nete3ebiibinoo nete3ebiibin hete3ebiibinoo hite3ebiibinoo

nete3ebiiwo hete3ebiiwo hite3ebiiwo nete3ebiibinoo nete3ebiibin hete3ebiibinoo hite3ebiibinoo

Possession- Animate
singular plural

nototii hototii hitotiiw nototiibinoo nototiibin hototiibinoo hitotiibinoo

nototiiwo hototiiwo hitotiiwo nototiibinoo nototiibin hototiibinoo hitotiibinoo

Obligatory Possession
Some nouns are obligatorily possessed. That is these noun words cannot stand alone without a possessive prefix. These include primarily body parts and family members.

neteneyooo heteneyooo neteneyooninoo neinoo heinoo hiinoon nooo3 hooo3

my body your body our bodies my mother your mother his/her mother my leg your leg

Obligatory Possession
Sometimes these words need to be abstract, i.e., talking about someones mom rather than specifically about my mom. The neutral prefix be- is used when the initial stem vowel is e or I, or wo- when the initial stem vowel is o.

beteneyooo beinoo beixoo wooo3 woox beitehei

ones body ones mom ones dad ones leg ones fingernail ones friend

Independent, unpossessed forms vs Obligatorily possessed forms

Some nouns take two forms: 1. Independent and nonpossessed 2. Obligatory possessed

woxhoox
notonihi hotonihi hitoniho

ho3
neic heic hiniic

niiinon
neyeihe

teiyoonehe
neniisoo