Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Social work education (pre and post registration) in the latest reports
One of the things that connects last week’s two Reports on social work is a concern
for education and training.
The Select Committee Report, as usual, brings together rather well a range of views
and issues, and so is a good summary of the state of the play. However, it is focused
on education for children and families social workers, responding to the concern about
children and families work after the various child protection anxieties of the past
couple of years. Because of this and the fact that it is a DCMS committee, it tends to
see children as the be-all and end-all of social work, when it is actually a small
service, which does not spend as much or do as much work as adult services, which is
by implication much less serious business. I think it is just as important to have good
care services for vulnerable adults, older people, disabled people, people with learning
disabilities and people with mental illnesses as it is to have good care services for
children.
The Task Force people, as well as the usual lobbies on behalf of higher education and
the employers are all heavily represented in the evidence and the commentary.
However, the Task Force interim report is still at the tentative stage on education.
One area it trolls through is whether there should be specialist social work courses;
this is in tension with the wish to preserve a generic social work course. Generally,
children’s social care employers are keener on a specialist qualifying course for their
employees than anyone else, at least partly because they think that post-qualifying
training for everyone who does child protection work is a financial impossibility,
because most agencies cannot afford to release staff to attend. Many people who have
done the existing training or the new post-qualifying programmes do it on their own
time. But we need a generic course so that people are properly prepared for the basic
job of social work. Many have not made a choice at the course stage about what they
want to do.
And if we stopped to look, we would find that a majority of the younger people on
courses want to do children and families work. So who is asking how many people we
need to do adults work? It’s a much bigger field and just as, if not more, difficult;
someone needs to be thinking what we need there as well, and we need to press the
Task Force to do that.
The other thing is that everyone does children and families work and everyone does
work with adults. Our social workers at St Christopher’s are mainly working with
older people. But those older people have children and grandchildren; our young
patients (that is, those in their forties and sometimes younger with major illnesses)
often have children who are the responsibility of children and family departments.
Strangely enough, although you wouldn't think it to read the effusions from the people
solely focused on child protection, your parent dying tends to have an effect on the
child and family. Our social workers have experience in both children and families
work and adult services work, and people in adult services work often have dealings
with children in the course of what they do. It is crucial that all social workers have a
basic grounding in all aspects of work. I want no more local authority social workers
ringing up surprised because a hospice deals with dying people.
Then, in the same way that I think that all social workers with older people need to
learn how to communicate in a really skilled way with older people and their families
about their impending end of life, I agree that social workers working with children,
among whom I count most of ours at St Christopher’s, need to have advanced training
in communication with children. In exactly the same way, it has been agreed that all
doctors need specialised training in giving patients ‘bad news’ (that is, ‘you’re going
to die’). It is taken for granted that they won't get enough in their general medical
courses, although of course many of them naturally have the skills and personality to
do it well, even though they could use some extra tips and tricks.
Both reports make the very valid connection between the qualifying or pre-
registration, course and post-qualifying education; we need to look at the whole
process of lifelong professional education and experience in social work.
I think everyone is agreed that there needs to be stronger post-registration specialist
education for social workers. Working in a healthcare-connected organisation, I find
the different attitude to lifelong education as compared with local government very
striking. Local authorities just have no tradition of educating their staff. Nurses have
to get higher degrees for promotion to many senior posts, and nurse consultants do
PhDs as part of the requirements for their job. Doctors take it for granted and their
employers pay for fairly extensive and expensive courses. But the work they do is no
less dangerous or important in its way than that of many social workers. My daughter
is a newish social worker, with about five years experience and a social work masters,
has recently gone to a new CAMHS job and was immediately sent on a young
people’s mental health masters. This is how it should be for any specialised job, and I
think there can be no doubt that child protection is increasingly a specialised job. The
time is long gone when it was a routine regular part of every junior generic local
authority social worker's job.
Local government really does have to pay for this, and it should be encouraging all its
social work staff, including those with adults, to develop post-qualification education.
But my experience of some local authorities when I was dealing with them as a head
of a university department was that they actively obstructed staff who wanted to go on
advanced courses. They claimed this was because they were so hard-pressed that they
coundn't spare them, but I suspect that it was because the managers thought that all
education was a holiday camp, a luxury that they shouldn't have to pay for, and
moreover it gave them ideas and evidence to disagree with the stupidities of local
authority bureaucracies.
When are we going to evaluate agencies by the proportion of social work staff at
every level that have achieved advanced qualifications in the work that they are
doing? When are the post-registration training and learning requirements of the GSCC
going to have real teeth instead of the milk-and-water current arrengements?
Palliative care social work demonstrates the richness of all social work
If I look for coverage of palliative care and pallcare social work in the documents on
social work from the Task Force and the DCSF Select Committee, this would be a
very short post. Instead, I ask what we might say about their absence from
consideration.
One point is that, although I know from personal contacts that palliative care social
workers are sometimes hard to find for hospices and pallcare teams across the
country, I also know there have been some ace appointments of really fine staff in
recent months too, not least here at St Christopher’s. So perhaps pallcare is not in the
crisis of job vacancies and work pressure that local authority social work experiences.
It has always been the case that people have often started their careers in general
social work, built up a good range of experience quickly in busy general departments,
found out what really interests them in their career and then moved towards a
specialist area that really allowed them to develop their skills and their contribution.
The accusation then is sometimes that they are moving out of the kitchen into the
sunny uplands of less pressure. On the other hand, I do not know a lot of social
workers who think pallcare social work is a doddle; interesting, yes, satisfying, yes,
but also dealing with difficult human issues at a time of real crisis in people’s lives
which all of us at some time in our lives do not want to face. No, a lot of students and
colleagues say, I think I’ll stay with the care management or child protection.
Also, social work’s way of applying general principles in all settings means that you
don’t get stuck. One of our medical consultants said to me enviously a little while ago
how lucky social workers are to be able to move between specialties, taking a high
level of skill with them, and learning new information about their new area. I’m a
little cautious about this. Talking to a very experienced social worker about some
research on groupwork that I’ve been doing recently, it was clear that some of the
findings about issues discussed by bereaved carers in the groups reflected her
experience over twenty years, but had clearly been new to the groupworker, who has
moved medical specialties. So you have to look at the specialised areas, in this case
responses to bereavement, and identify where the specialised knowledge is, and what
is more general that can be transferred.
So the failure of these reports to think about social work’s small-scale specialties and
the knowledge that is required for them is one important weakness in these reports;
they need to look at the interaction between general and specialist and see where they
can foster each other's progress. It’s understandable that the government is looking at
the big services that it is responsible for itself. But thinking about the profession as a
whole, it has a duty also to think about how it can build, retain and train for the
myriad of specialist areas in social work. And there is a payback, too. The building of
specialist knowledge and skills feeds back into the regard for social work in the
community, and the store of skills in the profession. Several of our really good
pallcare social workers have moved back into child protection, adult services, mental
health or general hospital social work in recent years. It renews their interest and
commitment to work in a new area and they will take their resilience in helping with
powerful human emotions and knowledge of dying and bereavement into those areas
too. We are always pleased to employ a mix of people from children and families,
mental health and adult services work coming in the other direction, because it
enriches the services we offer, too.
What the social work specialities also show, and pallcare social work is a prime
example, is that imaginative human helping is entirely possible, valid and worthwhile
as part of our services. All social work does not have to be bureaucratic and rule-
bound. Let a little imagination in and official social work can be human helping too.
One of the weaknesses of the statement about social work written for the general
public in the Task Force document is that it focuses very much on the individualised,
concrete, risk averse things that you can say social workers provide and, in the cause
of public understanding, does not convey the richness that social work may contain.
Pallcare social workers, and many others working in specialist areas, can claim to be
demonstrating that richness every day.
Malcolm Payne