Tafila technical university Facultry of engineering

Title: lab report of mearcot boiler.

Student name: salam albaradie.

Date of submission: 1/10/2013 .

Lecturer name : dr.ali alahmer.

Abstract
Marcet Boiler is used to investigate the relationship between the pressure and temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water at all temperature levels between the atmospheric pressure and 10 bars. The measured value of the slope of the graph (dT/dP) obtained from the experiment results can be compared to the theoretical value determined through calculation from the steam table

Introduction
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics, which deals with the energy, and work of a system. Thermodynamics deals only with the large-scale response of a system that we can observe and measure in experiments. Small-scale gas interactions are described by the kinetic theory of gasses, which is a compliment to thermodynamics. The main objective of this experiment is to determine the relation between vapor and pressure of saturated steam and also the vapor pressure curve .

Experimental methods and materials

Before starting the experiment the boiler is first filled with enough water before closing its valves. The temperature is the set to C which is slightly more than the boiling point of water at 10 bar (abs). The valve 185.0 at the feed port is opened and the heater is turned on. The temperature of steam is recorded every time the absolute pressure increases by 0.5 bar. The gauge pressure is also recorded with the time to reach an increase of 0.5 absolute pressure. The steps are repeated until the absolute pressure reaches 10 bar. The gauge temperature and time taken is constantly recorded at an interval of 0.5 absolute pressure. The final reading is recorded when the gauge pressure reaches 10 bar. During this time the absolute pressure, temperature and time taken is recorded all this data are then recorded into a table The apparatus used in this experiment is known as a marcet boiler. The unit consists of a stainless steel pressure vessel fitted with high pressure immersion electrical heater. The unit also comes together with a safety relief valve, temperature and pressure measuring devices. Water feed port is installed to allow water charging. The unit comes with comes with temperature and pressure transducers so that students will be able to read the respective values on the digital indicators easily. The water heater is protected from burnout by setting the maximum operating temperature with a temperature controller

Data and Analysis

From the experiment we are able to record the absolute pressure, gauge pressure temperature. Using this information we would be able to find the slope of dT/dP. dT: difference of temperature at successive pressure differenced dP: difference in pressure Next a (dT/dP) vs p and (TVfg/h) vs P is plotted on the same graph and Temperature (Kelvin) vs pressure (gauge + atmospheric)

Experimental results s/n 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gauge Pressure (bar) 0 1 2 2.5 3 3.5 Abs Pressure (bar) 1 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 Abs Pressure (kpa) 100 200 300 350 400 450 Steam Temp (c`) 99 106 121 128 132 138 Steam Temp (k) 372.15 379.15 394.15 401.15 405.15 411.15 0.148 0.1168 0.1035 0.092 Measured Slope (dT/dP) Calculated Slope (Tvg/hfg) 0.279 0.152 0.1125 0.099 0.0877 0.0811

atmospheric pressure 100 kpa

Graph of (T) vs (P)

420 410 400 Temp k 390 380 370 360 350 100 200 300 350 400 450 Pressure kpa Column1

(Graph of (dT\dP) & (Tvg/hfg

0.3 0.25 0.2 slope (dT\dP) (Tvg/hfg)

0.15 0.1

0.05 0

Sample calculation
Taking the values of fourth row, hfg Calculation, For the pressure 350 kpa (from the water-p table)

Vfg Calculation,

T.Vfg Calculation,

(T.v/h) Calculation,

(dT/dP) Calculation,

From the graph T vs P

Percent of error

((Measured Slope-calculated slope)/ Measured Slope)*100%

*100%=0.0434

Conclusion
In this experiment, the relationship between pressure and temperature is found to be directly proportional. When compared to the theoretical slope, the experimental slope shows a small deviation between them because of certain errors. Sources of errors are measurements or reading accuracy, room temperature and pressure, the stability of materials and calculations. The percentage of error ranged from 0.019%-0.0434% which can validate this experiment