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Experiment No
1 2 3 4 5
Experiment Title
Orientation With Packet Tracer Client Server Interaction Topology Orientation and Building a Small Network UDP and TCP port numbers Observing TCP Session Establishment and TCP Session Termination Router Packet Forwarding Observing Dynamic Routing Protocol Updates Simple Wireless LAN Model Building a LAN using a Category 5 Cable
06 07 08 09
ETE 332: Computer Network Lab Experiment No-01: Orientation with Packet Tracer
Introduction:
Packet Tracer is a network simulator that allows you create a simulated network, configure the devices in the network, test the network, and examine the traffic in the network. The first step in creating a simulated network in Packet Tracer is to place the devices in the logical workplace and connect them together. Packet Tracer uses the same symbols as are used throughout the curriculum. Match the icons in PT with the symbols in the symbol list.
Objectives:
1. Explore the PT interface Locate the key components used to place device symbols in the logical workplace Examine the devices that can be placed in the logical workplace and their symbols 2. Place and connect devices Add device symbols to the logical workplace Connecting devices in the logical workplace using auto connection
The lower left portion of the PT interface, below the yellow bar, is the portion of the interface that you use to select and place devices into the logical workplace. The first box in the lower left contains symbols that represent groups of devices. As you move the mouse pointer over these symbols, the name of the group appears in the text box in the center. When you click on one of these symbols, the specific devices in the group appear in the box to the right. As you point to the specific devices, a description of the device appears in the text box below the specific devices. Click on each of the groups and study the various devices that are available and their symbols.
To add a device to the logical workplace click on the specific device symbol, point to where you want to place the device in the logical workplace (the pointer becomes a crosshair), and click. Locate and place the following devices in a horizontal row across the logical workplace, with about an inch between them, in order from left to right:
Click on the connections group symbol. The specific connection symbols provide different cable types that can be used to connect devices. The first specific type, the gold lightning bolt, will automatically select the connection type based on the interfaces available on the devices. When you click on this symbol, the pointer resembles a cable connector. To connect two devices click the auto connection symbol, click the first device, and then click the second device. Starting with the server, connect each device to the device to its right using the auto connection symbol. Step 3 - Packet Tracer Scoring
Packet Tracer activities can be configured to score your work. To check your configuration, click the Check Results button below.
Objectives:
1. Setup and run the simulation Enter simulation mode Set Event List Filters Request a web page from the PC Run the simulation 2. Examine the results Access a specific PDU Examine the contents of the PDU Information Window
Step 3 Request a web page from the PC Packet Tracer provides simulated services on devices. You will open a simulated web browser on the PC and request a web page from the server. Click on the PC in the logical workplace. Click the Desktop tab and click the Web Browser button. A simulated web browser opens. Type www.example.com into the URL box and click the Go button to the right. Minimize the simulated browser window. Step 4 Run the simulation In the Play Controls section of the Simulation Panel, click the Auto Capture / Play button. The exchange between the PC and the server is animated and the events are added to the Event List. These events represent the PCs request to resolve the URL to an IP address, the server providing the IP address, the PC's request for web page, the server sending the web page in two segments, and the PC acknowledging the web page. A dialog box appears indicating there are no more events and providing information on the timing of the simulation. Click OK to close it.
The first tab in the PDU Information window contains information about the inbound and outbound PDU as it relates to the OSI model. Click the Next Layer >> button repeatedly to cycle through the inbound and outbound layers and read the description in the box below the layers to get an overview of how the exchange works. Examine the PDU information for the other events to get an overview of the entire exchange process.
Objectives:
1. Setup and run the simulation Enter simulation mode Set Event List Filters Request a web page from the PC Run the simulation 2. Examine the results Access specific PDUs Examine the contents of the PDU Information Window
Click the Simulation tab to enter simulation mode. Step 2 Set Event List Filters
We want to capture only DNS and HTTP events. In the Event List Filters section, click the Edit Filters button and make sure only DNS and HTTP events are selected.
Step 3 From the PC, request a web page from the Server Click on the PC in the logical workplace. Open the Web Browser on the Desktop. Type udptcpexample.com into the URL box and click the Go button. Minimize the simulated browser window. Step 4 Run the simulation
Click the Auto Capture / Play button. The exchange between the PC and the server is animated and the events are added to the Event List. These events represent the client PC's request for DNS service, followed by the request for a web page. The server sends the web page in two segments, and the PC acknowledges the web page. A dialog box appears indicating there are no more events to be captured. Click OK to close it.
In this activity, we will focus only on event information only at Layers 4 and 7. The first tab in the PDU Information window contains information about the inbound and outbound PDU as it relates to the OSI model. Click the Layer 4: and Layer 7: boxes for both the inbound and outbound layers and read the content of the box and description in the box below the layers. Note that DNS uses UDP and HTTP uses TCP. Pay attention to the port numbers. Port 53 represents DNS, the application protocol that associates domain names with IP addresses. Port 80 represents HTTP the application protocol that supports web pages. The other port is generated by the client PC from the range of port numbers greater than 1023. Click the Outbound PDU Details tab. In the TCP segment, note the initial sequence number. Examine the PDU information for the other events in the same fashion. Note the change to the source and destination port numbers (for both UDP and TCP) and the change in the sequence number (for TCP only) as the next segment is delivered. Note that if you use the Reset Simulation button, you must also return to the browser window and press Enter again to re-issue the web page request. This will allow you to re-capture and animate the DNS and HTTP-generated packets.
Experiment No-05 Observing TCP Session Establishment and TCP Session Termination
Introduction:
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. Before information, such as a web page, can be exchanged, the peers must establish a connection. A connection is established by a three-way handshake where the initial sequence numbers for both peers are sent and acknowledged. When the exchange is complete, the peers exchange TCP segments to terminate the session properly. The previous activity focused on the actual exchange of TCP segments. This activity will focus on connection establishment before the exchange and session termination following the exchange.
Objectives:
1. Setup and run the simulation Enter simulation mode Set Event List Filters Request a web page from the PC Run the simulation 2. Examine the results Access specific PDUs Examine the contents of the PDU Information Window
Restore the web browser window. In the Web Browser, click the Go button to request that the web page be resent. Minimize the simulated browser window. Step 4 Run the simulation
Click the Auto Capture / Play button. The exchange between the PC and the server is animated and the events are added to the Event List. These events represent the establishment of the TCP session, the PC's request for web page, the server sending the web page in two segments, the PC acknowledging the web page, and the termination of the TCP session. A dialog box appears indicating there are no more events. Click OK to close it.
In the Simulation Panel Event List section, the last column contains a colored box that provides access to detailed information about an event. Click the colored box in the last column for the first event. The PDU Information window opens. Step 2 - Examine the contents of the PDU Information Window In this activity, we will focus only on event information only at Layer 4. The first tab in the PDU Information window contains information about the inbound and outbound PDU as it relates to the OSI model. Click the Layer 4: boxes for both the inbound and outbound layers and read the content of the box and description in the box below the layers. Pay attention to the type of TCP segment. Click the Outbound PDU Details tab. In the TCP segment, note the initial sequence number. Examine the PDU information for the first four TCP events in the same fashion. These events show the three-way handshake that establishes the session. Note the type of TCP segment and the change in the sequence number. Examine the PDU information for the TCP events that follow the main HTTP exchange in the same fashion. These events show the session termination. Note the type of TCP segment and the change in the sequence number. Note that if you use the Reset Simulation button in the Event List window, you will need to return to the web browser URL line and press enter to re-initiate the process.
Objectives:
1. Examine how routers forward packets in three cases: When a route to the destination exists in the routing table When no specific route exists, but a default route has been configured When neither a specific route nor a default route exists
Task 3: Continue running the simulation Using Scenario 1, From PC_C to PC_A.
Step 1 - Trace the packet.
Use the Capture / Forward button to move the packet through the network. Inspect the packet at each step, in particular at Router1. Compare the OSI Model Tab explanations of the packet's processing with the routing table of Router1, and note what happens to the ICMP echo reply packet from PC_C to PC_A.
Objectives:
1. Examine the behavior of a dynamic routing protocol, RIP v1 Visualize the process of dynamic routing. Examine the routing update packets.
Objectives:
1. Examine the Wireless LAN network. Open the various devices and examine their configurations. Verify connectivity in Realtime mode by opening a web page. 2. Run the simulation. Start the simulation. Examine a ping packet at each step from the Home PC to the web server and back.
Examine the devices that make up the wireless network using both the Physical and the Config tabs. Note especially the following:
Both the PC and the printer have a Linksys wireless adapter installed. Also click the PC Wireless button on the PC's Desktop tab. On the wireless router, also examine the contents of the GUI tab. The "Model of ISP" device is a Packet Tracer cluster. Click on it to open it and display the devices that it contains. When finished examining the devices, click the Root=> button on the yellow bar in the upper left to close it.
Step 2 Examine a ping packet at each step from the Home PC to the web server and back.
Examine the packet at the Home PC. Then click Capture / Forward again and again, opening the packet for examination at each step in the process.