General Nomenclature

Unless otherwise stated in the text the following general nomenclature apply. Do Cross-sectional area Admiralty coefcient Developed area Expanded area Mid-ship section area Disc area Projected area Aspect ratio Moulded breadth of ship Propeller power coefcient Blade area ratio Correlation factor Section area coefcient Cb CD CF CL CM CP Ship block coefcient Drag coefcient Frictional resistance coefcient Lift coefcient Moment coefcient Section modulus coefcient Pressure coefcient Ship prismatic coefcient Propeller power coefcient CT CW D Db Thrust loading coefcient Total resistance coefcient Wave-making resistance coefcient Drag force Propeller diameter Behind diameter LP LPP Ds F FB Fn G H Hp I Ie IVR J Jp K Kn Kp KQ KQS KT KTN, KTD KTP KY L Diameter of slipstream far upstream Shaft diameter Force Fetch of the sea Bollard pull Froude number Boundary layer unique shape function Non-dimensional circulation coefcient Hydraulic head Pump head Dry inertia Polar entrained inertia Inlet velocity ratio Advance coefcient Ship polar moment of inertia Prandtl or Goldstein factor Knapps similarity parameter Pressure coefcient Propeller torque coefcient Spindle torque coefcient Thrust coefcient Duct thrust coefcient Propeller thrust coefcient Side force coefcient Length of ship or duct Lift force Section centrifugal bending moment arm Sound pressure level Length of ship between perpendiculars

Upper case A AC AD AE AM AO AP AR B BP BAR CA

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General Nomenclature

LR LWL M Ma N

Length of run Length of ship along waterline Moment of force Mach number Rotational speed (RPM) Number of cycles Number of fatigue cycles

Temperature Draught of ship Propulsor thrust

TA TF TN, TD Tp UT V Va Vs X Y W We Z Zm Lower case a a1 ac ar b c cd cl cli cm cmax f g h

Draught aft Draught forward Duct thrust Propeller thrust Propeller tip speed Volume velocity Speed of advance Ship speed Distance along co-ordinate axis Distance along co-ordinate axis Resultant velocity Width of channel Weber number Blade number Distance along co-ordinate axis Section modulus

NS P PB PD PE PG PS Q

Specic speed Propeller pitch Brake power Delivered power Effective power Generator power Shaft power Flow quantity Propeller torque Quasi-propulsive coefcient Total spindle torque Centrifugal spindle torque Frictional spindle torque Hydrodynamic spindle torque Radius of propeller, paddle wheel or bubble Specic gas constant Air resistance of ship Appendage resistance Real part Frictional resistance Reynolds number Total resistance Viscous resistance Wave-making resistance Surface tension Ship wetted surface area

QPC QS QSC QSF QSH R

Propeller axial inow factor Propeller tangential inow factor Crack length Resistance augmentation factor Span of wing Wake contraction factor Section chord length Section drag coefcient Section lift coefcient Ideal section lift coefcient Section moment coefcient Limiting chord length Frequency Function of . . . Acceleration due to gravity Function of . . . Fluid enthalpy Height

RAIR RAPP Re RF Rn RT RV RW S SA Sa SBF SC

Additional load scale factor Apparent slip Solid boundary factor Camber scale factor

General Nomenclature

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Hydraulic head hb i iG iP iS iT j k kc ks kt kx Height of bulbous bow centroid from base line in transverse plane Counter Section generator line rake Propeller rake Section skew-induced rake Total rake of propeller section Counter Counter Lifting surface camber correction factor Mean apparent amplitude of surface roughness Lifting surface thickness correction factor Lifting surface ideal angle of attack correction factor Frictional form factor Counter Length lcb m m_ n p pc pH po Longitudinal center of buoyancy Mass counter Specic mass ow Rotational speed (rps) Section pitch Pressure Cavity variation-induced pressure Propeller-induced pressure Reference pressure Non-cavitating pressure Pitch of reference section pv p q r rh s
1

Time Thrust deduction factor Section thickness

tF tmax to u v va vr Vt vT w wF wmax wn wp wT wv ww x xc xcp xo y yc yL yt yU z Sufxes m s U

Thickness fraction Maximum thickness Notional blade thickness at shaft center line Local velocity Local velocity Axial velocity Radial velocity Tangential velocity Tide speed Downwash velocity Mean wake fraction Froude wake fraction Maximum value of wake fraction in propeller disc Nominal wake fraction Potential wake fraction Taylor wake fraction Viscous wake fraction Wave-induced wake fraction Distance along a co-ordinate axis Non-dimensional radius (r/R) Distance along chord Radial position of centroid Centre of pressure measured along chord Reference section Distance along co-ordinate axis Camber ordinate Section lower surface ordinate Thickness ordinate Section upper surface ordinate Distance along co-ordinate axis

(1 + k) l

Hull-induced vibratory pressure Vapor pressure Apparent-induced pressure Dynamic ow pressure Radius of a propeller section Hub or boss radius Length parameter

Model Ship Upper

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General Nomenclature

L b F O x

Lower Bound, behind Free Reference value Reference radius

qfp qip qnt qo qs qsp qw L l

Face pitch angle Propeller rake angle Noseetail pitch angle Effective pitch angle Section skew angle Propeller skew angle Angular position of transition wake roll-up point Frequency reduction ratio Wavelength Sourceesink strength Shipemodel scale factor Coefcient of dynamic viscosity Density of water Density of air Leading edge radius Density of blade material Cavitation number Stress on section Alternating stress Corrosion fatigue strength Inception cavitation number Local cavitation number Mean design stress Cavitation number based on rotational speed Relative shaft angle Free steam cavitation number Residual stress Blade solidity factor Blade stress at location on blade Shear stress Thrust loading coefcient Coefcient of kinematic viscosity Angle of rotation in propeller plane Hull-form parameter Velocity potential Angular displacement Flow coefcient Shaft alignment angle relative to ow

Greek and other symbols a ad ai aK ao b b bi G g Angle of attack Gas content Cavitation bucket width Ideal angle of attack Air content ratio Zero lift angle Advance angle Hydrodynamic pitch in the ultimate wake Hydrodynamic pitch angle Circulation Local vortex strength Length parameter Ratio of drag to lift coefcient (Cd/Ce) Correction to angle of attack due to cascade effects Change in parameter Displacement of ship Boundary layer thickness Linear displacement Propeller speed coefcient Thrust eccentricity Transformation parameter Bendemann static thrust factor Damping factor Transformation parameter Propeller behind hull efciency Hull efciency Ideal efciency Mechanical efciency Propeller open water efciency Pump efciency Relative rotative efciency Pitch angle Transformation parameter Momentum thickness of boundary layer

m r ra rL rm s sa sF si sL sMD sn

gg

D d

so sR ss sx s sC y f

hb hh hi hm ho hp hr q

General Nomenclature

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Transformation parameter Gas content number Energy transfer coefcient

ITTC LDV LE LES LNG MARIN MEPC

International Towing Tank Conference Laser Dopple Velocimetry Leading edge Large Eddy Simulation Liquid Natural Gas Maritime Research Institute of the Netherlands, formerly NSMB Marine Environment Protection Committee of IMO Maximum Continuous Rating Miles per hour National Advisory Council for Aeronautics Numerically Controlled Normal Continuous Rating Oil Distribution Particle Image Velocimetry Propulsor Hull Vortex Quarters (4 qrs 1 cwt; 1 cwt 50.8 kgf) Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Right Handed Revolutions per minute Shaft horsepower Simpsons Multiplier Self Polishing Anti-fouling Statens Skeppsprovningsanstalt, Go teborg Trailing Edge Thrust Horse Power Very Large Crude Carrier Vertical TakeeOff and Landing

U u V Abbreviations a.c. AEW AP ATTC BHP BS CAD CAM cwt DES DHP DTNSRD EEDI EHP ft HMS hp HSVA IMO ISO

Angular velocity Angular velocity Volumetric displacement

Alternating current Admiralty Experiment Works, Haslar After Perpendicular American Towing Tank Conference Brake Horse Power British Standard Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Manufacture Hundred weight (1 cwt 112 lbf 50.8 kgf) Design Delivered Horse Power David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Design Centre Energy Efciency Design Index Effective Horse Power Feet Her Majestys Ship Horsepower Hamburg Ship Model BasinTnQ International Maritime Organization International Standards Organization MCR mph NACA NC NCR OD PIV PHV qrs RANS RH rpm shp SM SPA SSPA TE THP VLCC VTOL