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INPUT PARAMETERS
COMPARTMENT INFORMATION Compartment Width (wc) Compartment Length (lc) Compartment Height (hc) Vent Width (wv) Vent Height (hv) Interior Lining Thickness (d) AMBIENT CONDITIONS Ambient Air Temperature (T0) Specific Heat of Air (cp) Ambient air Density (r0) THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ENCLOSING SURFACES Interior Lining Thermal Inertia (krc) Interior Lining Thermal Conductivity (k) Interior Lining Specific Heat (cp) Interior Lining Density (r) 15.00 feet 15.00 feet 10.00 feet 4.00 feet 6.00 feet 1.00 feet 77.00 F 1 kJ/kg-K
3 1.18 kg/m
25 C 298 K
kg/m3
INTERIOR LINING TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROPERTIES for common materials: krc Matetial k r cp Concrete Gypsum Board Steel (kW/m-C) 1.0 x 10-3 5.0 x 10-4 5.0 x 10-3 (kg/m3) 2000 1440 (kJ/kg-K) 0.88 0.84 (kW/m2-C)2-sec 2.0 0.60 150 0.30
1600 0.46 1.5 x 10-4 Wood 420 2.72 Reference Quintiere, James. Principles of Fire Behavior . (Page 187)
FIRE SPECIFICATIONS Fire Heat Release Rate (Q) Time After Ignition (t)
DTg = 6.85[Q2/(A0(hv)1/2) (AThk)]1/3 Where DTg = upper layer gas temperature rise above ambient (T g-T0) (K) Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
A0 = area of ventilation opening (m 2) hv = height of ventilation opening (m) hk = heat trensfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2) Area of Ventilation Opening Calculation A0 = (wv)(hv) 2 A0 = 2.229673 m Thermal Penetration Time Calculation tp = (rcp/k)(d/2)2 r = interior construction density (kg/m 3) cp = interior construction heat capacity (kJ/Kg-K) k = interior construction thermal conductivity (kW/m-K) d = interior construction thickness (m) tp = 29198.1 sec, which is over 8 hours, so the conduction will be transient for a long time Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculation (krc/t)1/2 for t < tp hk = Where Where krc = interior construction thermal inertia (kW/m 2-C)2-sec (a thermal property of material responsible for the rate of temperature rise) t = time after ignition (sec) 2 0.141421 kW/m -C
hk =
Area of Compartment Enclosing Surface Boundaries AT = [2(wcxlc) + 2(hcxwc) + 2(hcxlc)] - A0 2 AT = 95.31852 m Compartment Hot Gas Layer Temperature With Natural Ventilation DTg = 6.85[Q2/(A0(hv)1/2) (AThk)]1/3 DT g = DT g = Tg = T g= T g= 125.51 K Tg-T0 DTg+T0 423.51 K 150.51 C 302.91 F
ANSWER
NOTE
The above calculations are based on principles developed in the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd Edition 1995. Calculations are based on certain assumptions and has inherent limitations. The results of such calculations may or may not have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given situation, and should only be interpreted by an informed user.
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
CHAPTER 2. PREDICTING HOT GAS LAYER TEMPERATURE IN A ROOM FIRE WITH FORCED VENTILATION COMPARTMENT WITH THERMALLY THICK/THIN BOUNDARIES
Version 1805.0
The following calculations estimate the hot gas layer temperature and smoke layer height in enclosure fire. Parameters in YELLOW CELLS are Entered by the User. Parameters in GREEN CELLS are Automatically Selected from the DROP DOWN MENU for the Material Selected. All subsequent output values are calculated by the spreadsheet and based on values specified in the input parameters. This spreadsheet is protected and secure to avoid errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s). The chapter in the NUREG should be read before an analysis is made.
INPUT PARAMETERS
COMPARTMENT INFORMATION Compartment Width (wc) Compartment Length (lc) Compartment Height (hc) Interior Lining Thickness (d) AMBIENT CONDITIONS Ambient Air Temperature (Ta) Specific Heat of Air (cp) Ambient Air Density (ra) 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF COMPARTMENT ENCLOSING SURFACES Interior Lining Thermal Inertia (krc) 2.9 Interior Lining Thermal Conductivity (k) 0.0016 Interior Lining Specific Heat (c) 0.75 Interior Lining Density (r) 2400 Note: Air density will automatically correct with Ambient Air Temperature (T a) Input
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
Alumina Silicate Block Glass Fiber Insulation Expanded Polystyrene User Specified Value
Reference: Klote, J., J. Milke, Principles of Smoke Management, 2002 Page 270 .
COMPARTMENT MASS VENTILATION FLOW RATE Forced Ventilation Flow Rate (m) FIRE SPECIFICATIONS Fire Heat Release Rate (Q)
1000.00
500.00
DTg/Ta = 0.63(Q/mcpTa)0.72(hkAT/mcp)-0.36 Where DTg = Tg - Ta = upper layer gas temperature rise above ambient (K) Ta = ambient air temperature (K) Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW) m = compartment mass ventilation flow rate (kg/sec) cp = specific heat of air (kJ/kg-K) hk = convective heat transfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2) Thermal Penetration Time Calculation tp = (rcp/k) (d/2)2 Where tp = thermal penetration time (sec) r = interior construction density (kg/m 3) cp = interior construction heat capacity (kJ/kg-K) k = interior construction thermal conductivity (kW/m-K) d = interior construction thickness (m) 26128.98 sec
tp =
for t > tp
krc = interior construction thermal inertia (kW/m 2-K)2-sec (a thermal property of material responsible for the rate of temperature rise) t = time after ignition (sec) See table below for results Area of Compartment Enclosing Surface Boundaries AT = 2 (wc x lc) + 2 (hc x wc) + 2 (hc x lc) Where AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2) wc = compartment width (m) lc = compartment length (m) hc = compartment height (m)
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
AT =
Compartment Hot Gas Layer Temperature With Forced Ventilation DTg/Ta = 0.63(Q/mcpT0)0.72(hkAT/mcp)-0.36 DT g = Tg = Tg - Ta DT g + T a
Results
Time After Ignition (t) (min) (sec) 0 0 1 60 2 120 3 180 4 240 5 300 10 600 15 900 20 1200 25 1500 30 1800 35 2100 40 2400 45 2700 50 3000 55 3300 60 3600 hk (kW/m2-K) 0.22 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 DTg/T0 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.73 DTg (K) 103.76 117.55 126.45 133.17 138.63 157.05 168.94 177.92 185.21 191.39 196.78 201.57 205.88 209.83 213.46 216.83
Hot Gas Layer Temperature Forced Ventilation - FPA Method 500 Temperature (F) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 Time (min)
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculation 0.4 (krc / t) for t < tp hk = Where hk = heat transfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) krc = interior construction thermal inertia (kW/m 2-K)2-sec (a thermal property of material responsible for the rate of temperature rise) d = thickness of interior lining (m) 2 0.088 kW/m -K
hk =
Area of Compartment Enclosing Surface Boundaries AT = 2(w c x lc) + 2(h c x wc) + 2(hc x lc) 2 AT = 118.92 m Compartment Hot Gas Layer Temperature With Forced Ventilation DTg = Q / (m cp + hk AT) Where DTg = Tg - Ta = upper layer gas temperature rise above ambient (K) Ta = ambient air temperature (K) Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW) m = compartment mass ventilation flow rate (kg/sec) cp = specific heat of air (kJ/Kg-K) hk = convective heat transfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2)
Results
Time After Ignition (t) (min) (sec) 0 0 1 60 2 120 3 180 4 240 5 300 10 600 15 900 20 1200 25 1500 30 1800 35 2100 40 2400 45 2700 50 3000 55 3300 hk (kW/m2-K) 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 DTg (K) 45.39 62.87 75.80 86.39 95.50 129.33 153.41 172.57 188.64 202.57 214.90 225.99 236.08 245.34 253.92 Tg (K) 298.00 343.39 360.87 373.80 384.39 393.50 427.33 451.41 470.57 486.64 500.57 512.90 523.99 534.08 543.34 551.92
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
60
3600
0.01
261.90
559.90
Hot Gas Layer Temperature Forced Ventilation - Deal and Beyler Method 600 500 Temperature (F) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 Time (min) 40
Summary of Results
Hot Gas Layer Temperature Forced Ventilation 600 500 Temperature (F) 400 300 200
100
0 0 10 20 30 Time (min)
NOTE
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
The above calculations are based on principles developed in the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3rd Edition, 2002. Calculations are based on certain assumptions and have inherent limitations. The results of such calculations may or may not have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given situation, and should only be interpreted by an informed user. Although each calculation in the spreadsheet has been verified with the results of hand calculation, there is no absolute guarantee of the accuracy of these calculations. Any questions, comments, concerns, and suggestions, or to report an error(s) in the spreadsheet, please send an email to nxi@nrc.gov or mxs3@nrc.gov.
Date Date
Organization Organization
Description of Revision
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
ERATURE IN A ROOM
OUNDARIES
layer height in enclosure fire.
P DOWN MENU for the Material Selected. n values specified in the input a wrong entry in a cell(s).
ft ft ft
in
0.3048 m
25.00 C 298.00 K
kJ/kg-K kg/m3
emperature (T a) Input r (kg/m3) 2710 7850 2400 2600 2710 1900 960 540 240 800 500 950 700
Select Material
Concrete
10
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
cfm
3 0.472 m /sec
0.559 kg/sec kW
urface boundaries (m 2)
urface boundaries (m 2)
11
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
Tg (K) 298.00 401.76 415.55 424.45 431.17 436.63 455.05 466.94 475.92 483.21 489.39 494.78 499.57 503.88 507.83 511.46 514.83
Tg (C) 25.00 128.76 142.55 151.45 158.17 163.63 182.05 193.94 202.92 210.21 216.39 221.78 226.57 230.88 234.83 238.46 241.83
Tg (F) 77.00 263.77 288.59 304.61 316.71 326.54 359.70 381.10 397.26 410.39 421.51 431.20 439.82 447.59 454.69 461.22 467.29
40
50
60
12
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
urface boundaries (m 2)
Tg (C) 25.00 70.39 87.87 100.80 111.39 120.50 154.33 178.41 197.57 213.64 227.57 239.90 250.99 261.08 270.34 278.92
Tg (F) 77.00 158.70 190.16 213.43 232.50 248.90 309.80 353.15 387.62 416.55 441.62 463.82 483.78 501.94 518.62 534.06
13
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
286.90
548.43
Beyler Method
50
60
yer Temperature
FPA Method Deal and Beyler Method
40
50
60
14
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
erent limitations. The results of such bilities for a given situation, and should
15
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
16