Airport Engineering

CLASS EXERCISES. UNIT 2. (QT 2013-2014)

1. Calculate the declared distances

RWY 01 19

TORA (m)

TODA (m)

ASDA (m)

LDA (m)

Note: Umbral desplazado para aterrizajes CAB 01= moved threshold for runway 01 CAB: beginning of runway 2. Calculate the declared distances

RWY 01 19

TORA (m)

TODA (m)

ASDA (m)

LDA (m)

Airport Engineering
3. In the AIP document of Bilbao Airport is the following information on declared distances of its runways:

a) How long is the Clearway or Obstacle Free Zone and Stopway in each of the runways? RWY 10 28 12 30 CWY (m) SWY (m)

b) In case of a displaced threshold on any of the runways, say where and what is these displacement. 4. CALCULATE THE DECLARED DISTANCES IN A RUNWAY WITH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: a) In normal takeoff : LOD : Lift-off distance = 7.000 ft D(35ft) = 8.000 ft b) Takeoff with engine failure after V1 : LOD : Lift-off distance = 8.200 ft D(35ft) = 9.100 ft c) Aborted takeoff for engine failure before V1: ASD = 9.500 ft d) In normal landing : SD = 5.000 ft

Airport Engineering
5. It is known that a certain aircraft A needs a runway length to land at sea level in standard atmospheric conditions of 2100 m. The runway length required for the same aircraft to take off at a flat site at sea level in standard atmosphere conditions is 1700m. The aerodrome elevation is 150m and its reference temperature is 24 C. It is known that the longitudinal runway slope is 0.5%. Calculate the required length of runway that has to have the aerodrome for the aircraft to operate there.

6. What is the runway length needed for an aircraft B to operate at the airport of exercise 5 knowing that this aircraft B needs a runway length to land at sea level in standard atmospheric conditions of 2100 m and the length of runway required by the same aircraft to take off at a flat site at sea level in standard atmosphere conditions is 2500 meters? 7. Calculate the length of an airport runway with 450 m above sea level, 25 C and a slope of 1% (maximum for runways with code number 3 and 4) for the aircraft: Model 737 Family -600 Engines CFM56-7B18 and TOW 65.000 kg Data: ACAP graphics of takeoff and landing runway requirements at standard conditions. 8. Determine the takeoff weight of an aircraft designed to cover routes of 4,000 km with a payload of 18,000 kg, knowing that the operating empty weight is 60% of take-off weight, that the fuel required for the trip can be estimated multiplying the takeoff weight by the distance traveled divided by 20,000 km and that fuel reserves are 7% of the landing weight. 9. An aircraft has been designed to carry 250 passengers at a distance of 5,000 km. Consider the following assumptions for the calculations: The average weight of a passenger is 75 kg, and his luggage, 20 kg. The payload is completed with 2,500 kg of cargo. The weight of fuel consumed by the engine during the trip is estimated by multiplying the takeoff weight by the traveled distance divided by 25,000 km. The weight of fuel reserves needed to deal with various contingencies (eg. Fly to a different airport to destination due to the closure of the same due to a sudden worsening of the weather) is fixed at 7% of airplane landing weight. The operating empty weight of the aircraft is taken as half the takeoff weight.

a) Calculate the takeoff weight (TOW).

Airport Engineering
b) Suppose that 60% of the operating empty weight calculated in the previous section corresponds to the structure of the plane and that through a careful redesign and the use of new materials and construction techniques, this structure reduces its weight by 10% . What percentage will change the operating empty weight, fuel weights for the trip and reserves, and the takeoff weight? 10. An aircraft is designed to carry 400 passengers and with the characteristics that follow: The weight of fuel consumed by the engine during the trip is estimated by multiplying the takeoff weight by the traveled distance divided by 24,000 km. The weight of the necessary fuel reserves is 7% of the landing weight. The aircraft ZFW is 215,700 kg. The payload is made up of the 400 passengers and their luggage (the average weight of a passenger is 75 kg, and his luggage, 20 kg). The operating empty weight of the aircraft is taken as 0.45 times the takeoff weight.

Given these factors: a) Calculate the distance that the aircraft can travel under the above conditions. b) The engine manufacturer has developed an improved version of it that, without changing its weight, provides the same thrust than previous consuming 10% less fuel. If engines are changed by new, what would the new airplane's takeoff weight assuming that it must to carry the same payload at the same distance as in the previous section? 11. The runway length required for takeoff for an aircraft at sea level, zero runway slope and standard atmosphere is 2500m. To take off at a certain aerodrome located 150m above sea level and with a longitudinal slope of 0.5% runway, the aircraft needs to 2988m. Determine the aerodrome reference temperature. 12. Suppose that the aircraft of previous exercise is a B-747-800 making a 10,884 km route departing from the airport of previous exercise and that the operating empty weight is estimated at 213.380kg. Calculate the maximum cargo weight that can be transported on that route assuming that the aircraft also carries 420 passengers. (Data: Average passenger weight = 75kg , Average weight luggage / passenger = 20 kg; 1NM = 1.852m;, 1 lb = 0.454 kg) 13. Determine the possibilities of operating an aircraft is equivalent to determine its payload diagram - range. It's intend to study the possible penalties in the payload of some aircraft operating at the airport in Granada determined by the runway length requirements * on takeoff.

Airport Engineering

The aircraft under consideration are:

Whose characteristics obtained from their Airport Planning are:

* NOTE: It is permissible for this specific exercise that the temperature and elevation corrections exceed 35%. The Granada Airport characteristics (taken from AIP) are:

3.2.2

PAYLOAD/RANGE MODEL 747-8 D6-58326-3 DECEMBER 2012 REV B

30

3.3.5

FAA/EASA TAKEOFF RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS - STANDARD DAY MODEL 747-8

D6-58326-3 REV B DECEMBER 2012 35

3.4.1

FAA/EASA LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS - FLAPS 30 MODEL 747-8F AND 747-8 D6-58326-3

REV B

DECEMBER 2012

39

3.3.23

F.A.R. TAKEOFF RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS STANDARD DAY, DRY RUNWAY MODEL 737-600 (CFM56-7B18/-7B20 ENGINES AT 20,000 LB SLST)

D6-58325-6 126 JULY 2010

3.4.19

F.A.R. LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS - FLAPS 30 MODEL 737-600 D6-58325-6

288

MARCH 2011