Domestic Violence: Concept

A woman who lives in the shadow of daily violence ……… is not truly free.

- Former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan

Generally, violence signifies an attack or an assault resulting in destructive

consequences. The Webster’s dictionary defines violence as an act of extreme force or
passion or fierceness. This definition construes that the act of violence is primarily
physical and focuses on intense emotions that incite violence. In our day to day life
we can see or experience violence around our premise, everywhere in street, in public
transport, at workplace and not least at domestic sphere.
Domestic Violence is defined as a pattern of behaviors involving physical,
sexual, economic and emotional abuse, alone or in combination by an intimate partner
often for the purpose of establishing and maintaining power and control over other
partner (Geberth, 1996, p. 51)1 . Domestic violence is somehow similar to the concept
of violence against women, as many violence in domestic sphere are always against
women and sometimes children. Generally, women are the victims and men are
perpetrators in almost every case of domestic violence. Recently, a Domestic
Violence Bill2 has been ratified by the parliament on the initiatives of women activists
and parliamentarians. The initiatives of women to introduce legislation against
domestic violence clearly state that women are the victims in almost every cases of
violence and abuse in domestic domain. Wayne W. Bennett et al.3 define domestic
violence in a more specific way – “Although the legal definition of domestic violence
varies from state to state, many people explain it as a constellation of physical, sexual,
and psychological abuses, that may include physical violence, intimidation, threats,
emotional abuse, using children as pawns, manipulation and the assertion of male
privilege within domestic strata. This definition clearly states males are the main
actors in domestic violence.
The domestic violence bill defines domestic violence as “Any act of physical,
mental, sexual and economic torture by one person to another person with domestic
relationship, such kind of act includes scolding and emotional torture as well”.

1
Wayne w. Bennett et al. (2001), Criminal Investigation, Wadsworth Thomas Learning, USA.
2
‘Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Bill- 2066’, ratified by the parliament at 19th April,
2009.
3
Wayne w. Bennett et al. (2001), Criminal Investigation, Wadsworth Thomas Learning, USA.

1
Objectives

Especially, the major objective of this study is focused on the following

points:
1. To review the bill through gender perspectives.
2. To find out the strong aspect as well as the loopholes of the bill and the
challenges of implementation.

Related Literature

The Bill “Domestic Violence (crime and Punishment) 2066” in itself was the
major literature as we were assigned to review it. Beyond that for the theoretical
aspect of domestic violence, a book entitled Criminal Investigation (2001) by Wayne
B. Bennett et al. became helpful. According to this book “domestic violence is a
pattern of behavior involving physical, sexual, economic, and emotional abuse alone
or in combination, by an intimate partner often for the purpose of establishing and
maintaining power and control over other partner”. The book is more focused on the
case of criminal issues rather than on purely gender issues.
Shailu Nigam (2008), on Domestic Violence in India: What One Should
Know? states domestic violence as Violence Against Women (VAW). She says,
“Domestic violence is any act of omission or commission that cause harm to women
or keep her in a subordinate position”. This statement synonymies domestic violence
as violence against women.
Preeti Mishra (2006), on her book Domestic Violence against Women: Legal
Control and Judicial Response, helped to employ some theoretical causes of domestic
violence. According to her the following theoretical development response to the
causes of domestic violence.
a. Feminist Theory
b. Family Systems Theory
c. Psychological Theory
d. Physiological Theory
e. Psycho-Pathological Theory
f. Socio-psychological Theory
g. Socio- Cultural Theory
Moreover, the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women

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(1993) gave useful insights on international legal mechanism about violence against
women.

Features of the Bill

¾ Categorized Violence
a. Mental.
b. Physical
c. Sexual
d. Economic
¾ It also recognized the torture against adopted sons/daughters, domestic
workers as well. To some extent, it includes all the tortures inside the domestic
periphery.
¾ It endows Legal rights to Women Commission, Local Bodies, Women Cells in
District Police Office, Police Stations, to take cases of domestic violence.
¾ It also provides Interim Protection for victim.
¾ Reconciliation is the major focus of this Bill. As it deals with domestic
domain, the provision of reconciliation may be prioritized for the smooth
relation in the future.
¾ Establishment of Service Center for the immediate security and remedy that
includes psychological/psycho-social counseling as well.
¾ Close session for case hearing on the request of victim.

What it Lacks?
¾ It does not have separate provision for women since their case is serious and
they are more vulnerable.
¾ It lacks effective reporting mechanism.
¾ Compensation and punishment does not seem equal to the crime.
¾ It does not have long term relief provision for the victim.
¾ It does not specify the court for judicial remedy.
¾ It fails to sensitize the depth of the issue because it does not clearly indicate
the court verdict in a stipulated time period since the existing legal procedure
is lengthy.
¾ For the establishment of Service Fund (clause-12), the sources are:
a. Nepal Government’s fund

3
 b. I/NGO and individual’s assistance
c. Other sources
¾ It indicates that some influence with the funding may pose problems on fair
judgment.
¾ Some contradiction in the clauses (clause 4, sub-clause 3, 4,5and clause15)
might create justice.

Conclusion
The Bill has first time recognized that domestic violence is a concern of legal
remedies. Prior to the introduction of this bill, the issue was a private concern and was
not taken seriously despite of the fact that it damaged the dignity of personality and
traumatized the victims. It has clearly defined the violence within domestic sphere
and classified Domestic Violence into four broader categories i.e. Physical, Mental,
Sexual and Economic. It has features like; complain mechanism, immediate relief,
interim protection, counseling, compensation, service fund, sufficient timeframe to
file the case (90 days, clause 14), punishment and reconciliation and more oriented to
victim’s justice principles. Nevertheless, it would have been more influential if it had;
specified gender issues, effective complaints and reporting mechanisms, avoidance of
dual meaning and language complication, specified courts for judicial proceedings,
sufficient national source for service fund. It has reversed the concept that the
perpetrators are usually of outsiders and strangers and the crime takes place beyond
the immediate surrounding and established the concept of even the home and
intimates can be insecure or violence can be anytime/anywhere by anyone. It has
lessened the public-private dichotomy. Moreover, as Nepal is in the process to draft
new constitution, the provisions can be incorporated into constitutional remedies to
ensure the effective and timely justice.

4
 Annex

‘Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Bill- 2066’

3/]n' lx+;f lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] ljw]os @)^^
k|:tfjgf M k|To]s JolQmsf] ;'/lIft / ;Ddfghgs tj/n] af“Rg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg
ub}{ 3/ kl/jf/leq jf 3/ kl/jf/;“u uf“l;P/ x'g] lx+;fhGo sfo{nfO{ b08gLo agfO{ To:tf] sfo{
lgoGq0f ug{ tyf 3/]n' lx+;faf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ ;+/If0f u/L Gofo k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg'gL
Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f *# sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;efn]
of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æ3/]n' lx+;f -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^^Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo / k|;ª\un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,—
-s_ æ3/]n' lx+;fÆ eGgfn] s'g} JolQmn] 3/]n' ;DaGw ePsf] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ lbPsf]
zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo jf cfly{s oftgf ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ufnL ug]{ tyf
efjgfTds rf]6 k'¥ofpg cGo s'g} sfo{nfO{ ;d]t hgfp“5 .
-v_ æ3/]n' ;DaGwÆ eGgfn] j+zh, ljjfx jf wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL ePsf] jf ;+o'Qm kl/jf/sf]
;b:o, cfl>t jf sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf Ps} kl/jf/df a;]sf JolQmx¿sf aLrdf ePsf]
;DaGw ;Demg'k5{ .
-u_ æzf/Ll/s oftgfÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cª\ueª\u 7xg]{ s'6lk6 ug]{,
u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf /fVg], zf/Ll/s rf]6 k'¥ofpg] jf To:t} cGo s'g} sfd ug]{ jf u/fpg]
sfo{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-3_ ædfgl;s oftgfÆ eGgfn] zf/Ll/s oftgfsf] 8/wfs b]vfpg] jf wDsL lbg], qf;k"0f{
Jojxf/ ug]{, ufnLunf]h ug]{, em'6\6f aft nufpg], 3/af6 lgsfnf ug]{ jf dfgl;s
5f]6 k'Ug;Sg] cGo s'g} sfd ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] j}rfl/s,
wfld{s jf ;f+:s[lts tyf k|yf k/Dk/fsf cfwf/df ul/g] e]befj;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-ª_ æof}ghGo oftgfÆ eGgfn] of}ghGo k|s[ltsf] b'Jo{jxf/, ckdfg, xtf]T;fx jf
cfTd;Ddfgdf 5f]6 k'¥ofpg] jf ;'/lIft of}g :jf:Yodf cf3f k'Ug] s'g} klg sfo{
;Demg'k5{ .
-r_ æcfly{s oftgfÆ eGgfn] ;uf]n jf lghL ;DklQsf] k|of]u ug{ jf /f]huf/L jf cfly{s
;|f]t / ;fwgsf] kx'“r jf k|of]udf jl~rt ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-5_ ækLl8tÆ eGgfn] kL8s;“u 3/]n' ;DaGw e} lghåf/f ul/Psf] 3/]n' lx+;faf6 kLl8t
egL bfaL ug]{ JolQm ;Demg'k5{ .
-h_ ækL8sÆ eGgfn] kLl8t;“u 3/]n' ;DaGw e} lghlj?4 3/]n' lx+;f u/]sf] egL kLl8tn]
bfaL u/]sf] JolQm ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] 3/]n' lx+;f ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf] cGo
JolQm jf dltof/nfO{ ;d]t hgfp“5 .
-em_ æk|x/L sfof{noÆ eGgfn] kLl8t a;f]af; u/]sf], kL8s /x]sf] jf 36gf:ynsf]
glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nocGtu{tsf]
afnaflnsf jf dlxnf ;]n jf k|x/L rf}sL jf pkrf}sL;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-`_ æ:yfgLo lgsfoÆ eGgfn] kLl8t a;f]af; u/]sf] jf kL8s /x]sf] jf 36gf ePsf] ufp“

5
 ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] gu/kflnsfsf] j8f
;ldlt;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-6_ æcbfntÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf]
cbfnt ;Demg'k5{ .
-7_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf
tf]lsPadf]lhd ;Demg'k5{ .
#= 3/]n' lx+;f ug{ u/fpg gx'g] M -!_ s;}n] klg 3/]n' lx+;f ug{ u/fpg jf ;f] s'/fsf] pBf]u
ug{ jf 3/]n' lx+;fsf] lgldQ s;}nfO{ b'?T;fxg ug{ x'“b}g .
-@_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ u/]df o; P]gcGtu{tsf] s;'/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
$= ph'/L ug]{ M -!_ 3/]n' lx+;f ePsf], e}/x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf] yfxf kfpg] h'g;'s} JolQmn]
;f];DaGwL ljj/0f v'nfO{ k|x/L sfof{no jf /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u jf :yfgLo lgsfo;dIf
lnlvt jf df}lvs ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ph'/L lnlvt ¿kdf k|fKt ePsf]df t'?Gt / df}lvs
¿kdf k|fKt ePsf]df ;f];DaGwL cfjZos ljj/0f n]vL n]vfO{ ph'/Lstf{sf] ;xL5fk u/fO{
btf{ ug{'kg]{5 .
-#_ /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]udf btf{ ePsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf /fli6«o dlxnf
cfof]u;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cfjZos sf/afxL x'g]5 .
-$_ k|x/L sfof{nodf ph'/L btf{ ePsf]df k|x/L sfof{non] af6f]sf] Dofbafx]s rf}aL;
306fleq kL8snfO{ lemsfO{ / c6]/ u/] kqmfp u/L t'?Gt aofg u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-%_ :yfgLo lgsfodf ph'/L btf{ ePsf]df af6f]sf] Dofbafx]s rf}aL; 306fleq
kL8snfO{ lemsfO{ tyf c6]/ u/]df k|x/Lsf] ;xof]u lnO{ kqmfp u/L t'?Gt aofg
u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-^_ 3/]n' lx+;fsf sf/0f kLl8tnfO{ s'g} zf/Ll/s rf]6k6s jf dfgl;s oftgf k'u]sf]
b]lvPdf tTsfn pkrf/sf nflu glhssf] c:ktfn jf :jf:Yo s]Gb|df k7fO{ lghsf] pkrf/
/ 3fp hf“r u/fpg'kg]{5 . :yfgLo lgsfon] u/fPsf] 3fp hf“r k|ltj]bgsf] Ps k|lt k|x/L
sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] ph'/L k|f/lDes ¿kdf 5fglag ubf{ kLl8t /
lgh;“u cfl>t JolQmnfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf k|x/L sfof{nosf] ;xof]u lnO{
tTsfn ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -$_ jf -%_ adf]lhdsf] aofg;d]taf6 3/]n' lx+;f ePsf] b]lvPdf /
kLl8tn] rfx]df k|x/L sfof{no / :yfgLo lgsfon] ph'/L k/]sf] ldltn] tLg lbgleq b'j}
kIfaLr d]nldnfk u/fOlbg'kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd d]nldnfk u/fp“bf cfjZoscg';f/ pknAw eP;Dd
dgf]lrlsT;s, ;dfhzf:qL, ;dfh;]jL, kLl8tn] kTofPsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o / cGo
;fIfL;d]tsf] ;xof]u lng ;lsg]5 . o;/L d]nldnfk u/fp“bf kLl8tnfO{ kg{ ;Sg]
dgf]j}1flgs tyf ;fdflhs k|efj / uf]kgLotfsf] clwsf/;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'kg]{5 .
-!)_ k|x/L sfof{no jf :yfgLo lgsfon] ph'/Lsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ kL8snfO{
tf/]vdf /fvL ug{'kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkbkmf -$_ jf -%_ adf]lhd lemsfp“bf kL8s pkl:yt gePdf jf pkl:yt
u/fpg g;lsPdf jf kIfx¿aLr d]nldnfk x'g g;s]df k|x/L sfof{no jf :yfgLo lgsfon]
ph'/Lstf[sf] ;xdlt ePdf pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw|
lbgleq ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ph'/L / ;f];“u ;DalGwt ldl;n sfuh / k|df0f
cbfnt;dIf k7fOlbg'kg]{5 .

6
 -!@_ pkbkmf -%_ / -&_ adf]lhd ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' k|x/L sfof{nosf] st{Jo
x'g]5 .
%= cbfntn] sf/afxL ug]{ M -!_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!!_ adf]lhd ph'/L k|fKt ePdf cbfntn]
;f]xL ph'/Lsf] cfwf/df o; P]gadf]lhd sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{'kg]{5 .
-@_ bkmf $ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kLl8tn] rfx]df ;f]em} cbfntdf
ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
^= cGtl/d ;+/If0ffTds cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ ph'/Lsf] k|f/lDes 5fglagaf6 kLl8tnfO{
tTsfn ;+/If0f lbg cfjZos b]lvPdf cbfntn] ph'/Lsf] clGtd lg0f{o geP;Ddsf] nflu
kL8ssf gfddf b]xfoadf]lhd ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ kLl8tnfO{ lgh a;L cfPsf] 3/df a;f]af; ug{ lbg, vfg nfpg lbg, s'6lk6 gug{
tyf lzi6 / ;Eo Jojxf/ ug{,
-v_ kLl8tnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s rf]6 k'u]sf] ePdf plrt pkrf/ u/fpg jf
pkrf/sf nflu pko'Qm /sd lbg,
-u_ kL8s / kLl8tnfO{ Ps} 7fp“df a;f]af; ug{ pko'Qm x'g] gb]lvPdf kL8snfO{ cnu
a:g] Joj:yf ug{ tyf To;/L cnu a:bf kLl8tsf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu cfjZos
Joj:yf ug{,
-3_ ufnL a]OHhtL ug]{, wDsL lbg] jf c;Eo Jojxf/ ug]{ sfd gug{ jf gu/fpg,
-ª_ kLl8t 5'§} a;]sf] 7fp“df jf af6f]3f6f]df jf sfof{nodf uO{ jf s'g} lsl;dsf] ;~rf/
dfWodåf/f jf cGo s'g} k|sf/n] b'Mv lbg] jf ;tfpg] sfo{ gug]{,
-r_ kLl8tsf] lxt / ;'/Iffsf] lgldQ cGo cfjZos / pko'Qm s'/f ug{ u/fpg .
-@_ ph'/Lsf] k|f/lDes 5fglagaf6 kLl8tsf] cltl/Qm lghsf gfafns ;Gtfg jf
lgh;“u cfl>t s'g} JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} ;+/If0f lbg cfjZos b]lvPdf
cbfntn] ;f] pkbkmfadf]lhdsf] s'g} cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
&= aGb Ohnf;df ;'g'jfO ug]{ M -!_ kLl8tn] cg'/f]w u/]df o; P]gcGtu{tsf] ph'/L;DaGwL
sf/afxL / ;'g'jfO cbfntn] aGb Ohnf;df ug{'kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] aGb Ohnf;df sf/afxL / ;'g'jfO x'“bf d'2fsf kIf,
ljkIf, lghx¿sf sfg'g Joj;foL / cbfntn] cg'dlt lbPsf JolQm dfq To:tf] Ohnf;df
k|j]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
*= ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw ckgfpg'kg]{ M o; P]gadf]lhdsf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ;+lIfKt
sfo{ljlw P]g, @)@* adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg'kg]{5 .
(= pkrf/sf] /sd kL8sn] Joxf]g]{ M -!_ 3/]n' lx+;faf6 kLl8t JolQm dfgl;s jf zf/Ll/s
¿kdf czQm ePsf] sf/0fn] c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fpg' k/]df pkrf/ u/fp“bf nfu]sf]
;Dk"0f{ vr{ kL8sn] Joxf]g{'kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kL8ssf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/
ePsf] sf/0fn] kL8sn] To:tf] pkrf/ vr{ pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] s'/f cbfntnfO{ nfu]df
bkmf !! adf]lhdsf] ;]jf s]Gb|af6 kLl8tn] To:tf] pkrf/ /sd kfpg] u/L cbfntn] cfb]z
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!)= Ifltk"lt{ lbnfOlbg] M kLl8t JolQmnfO{ 3/]n' lx+;fsf] k|s[lt, dfqf, kLl8tnfO{ k'u]sf] kL8f /
kL8s tyf kLl8tsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs x}l;ot;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L cbfntn] kL8saf6
dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ e/fOlbg ;Sg]5 .
!!= ;]jf s]Gb| M -!_ kLl8tnfO{ tTsfn ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ tyf pkrf/sf] qmddf cnUu} a:g]
Joj:yfsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZostfcg';f/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

7
 -@_ s'g} ;+:yfn] tf]lsPadf]lhd :jLs[lt lnO{ pkbkmf -!_ sf] p2]Zosf] nflu ;]jf
s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;~rfng ePsf] s]Gb|nfO{ bkmf !@ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifaf6
cfly{s tyf cGo ;xof]u k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfjZostfcg';f/ kLl8tnfO{ sfg'gL ;xfotf, dgf]ljdz{ ;]jf,
dgf]j}1flgs ;]jf / cfly{s ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng tyf cg'udg;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!@= ;]jf sf]if M -!_ bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng ug{sf]
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps ;]jf sf]if :yfkgf ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf /sd /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt /sd,
-v_ s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3, ;+:yf jf JolQmaf6 k|fKt /sd,
-u_ cGo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /sd .
-#_ ;]jf sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
!#= ;hfo M -!_ s;}n] 3/]n' lx+;f u/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ tLg xhf/ ?k}of“b]lv k~rL; xhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf jf 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
-@_ 3/]n' lx+;fsf] pBf]u jf b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf dltof/ x'g]nfO{ d'Vo s;'/bf/nfO{ x'g]
;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'g]5 .
-#_ 3/]n' lx+;fsf] s;'/df ;hfo kfO;s]sf] JolQmn] k'gM ;f]xL s;'/ u/]df k6s}klR5]
bf]Aa/ ;hfo x'g]5 .
-$_ ;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]xLsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} JolQmn] o; P]gadf]lhdsf] s;'/
u/]df lghnfO{ yk b; k|ltzt ;hfo x'g]5 .
-%_ s;}n] bkmf ^ adf]lhd cbfntaf6 lbPsf] cfb]z kfng gu/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{
b'O{ xhf/ ?k}ofb]lv kGw| xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf jf rf/ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo
x'g]5 .
!$= xbDofb M o; P]gadf]lhdsf] s;'/df eP u/]sf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq ph'/L lbg'kg]{5 .
!%= k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd d'2f rnfpg afwf gkg]{ M o; P]gadf]lhd s;'/ dflgg] s'g} sfd
sf/afxLdf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd klg ;hfo x'g] /x]5 eg] To:tf] sfg'gadf]lhd d'2f
rnfpg tyf sf/afxL ug{ o; P]gn] s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!^= k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd x'g] M o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf o;} P]gadf]lhd / c¿df k|rlnt
sfg'gadf]lhd x'g]5 .
!&= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos
lgodx¿ agfpg ;Sg]5 .

8
 Gender Neutrality on Domestic Violence Bill
(A Review of Domestic Violence: Crime and Punishment Bill 2066)

A Write up
For the Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement for Masters Degree in
Conflict Peace and Development Studies, Fourth Semester
Gender, Peace and Development-512

Submitted to
Ms. Lily Thapa
Conflict Peace and Development Studies
Tribhuvan University

Submitted By
Shyam Bandhu Subedi, Roll No. 10
Ganga Bahadur Basnet, Roll. No. 25
Rajan Kumar Rai, Roll No. 35

June 2009