VOCABULARY

Acute Angle- less than 90 Adjacent Angles- share a common vertex and side, but no common interior points Alternate Exterior Angles- two angles that lie outside the two lines on opposite sides of the transversal Alternate Interior Angles- two angles that lie between the two lines on opposite sides of the transversal Angle Bisector- ray that divides an angle into two adjacent angles that are congruent Angle- two different rays that have the same initial point Axiom- rules that are accepted without proof Biconditional Statement- statement that contains the phrase if and only if Bisect- divides into two congruent halves Collinear points- points that lie on the same line Complementary Angles- two angles whose measures add up to 90 Conditional statement- two parts, a hypothesis and conclusion. Written in if-then form Congruent Angle- angles that have the same measure Conjecture- an unproven statement that is based on observations Consecutive Interior Angles- two angles that lie between the two lines on the same side of the transversal Construction- a geometric drawing that uses a limited set of tools, usually compass and straightedge Contrapositive- the negation of the converse Converse- the conditional statement with the hypothesis and conclusion switched Coplanar points- points that lie on the same plane Corresponding Angles- two angles that occupy corresponding positions Counterexample- An example that shows a conjecture is false Deductive Reasoning- uses facts, definitions, and accepted properties to form a logical argument Definition- uses known words to describe a word Equivalent Statements- when statements are either both true or both false Exterior- when a point is not on the angle or in its interior Flow Proof- a proof that uses arrows to show the flow of the logical argument Inductive Reasoning- uses previous examples and patterns to form a conjecture Interior- when a point is in between points that lie on each side of the angle Intersect- when two or more geometric figures have one or more points in common Inverse- the negation of the conditional statement Line Perpendicular to a Plane- a line that intersects the plane in a point and is perpendicular to every line in the plane that intersects it Line- extends in one dimension, represented by a straight line Linear Pair- two adjacent angles whose noncommon sides are opposite rays, their measures add up to 180 Logical Argument-an argument that uses facts, definitions, and accepted properties in a logical order Midpoint- point that divides or bisects a segment into two congruent halves Obtuse Angle- more than 90 Paragraph Proof- a proof in paragraph form Parallel Lines- two lines that are coplanar and do not intersect Parallel Planes- two planes that do not intersect Perpendicular Lines- two lines that intersect to form a right angle Plane- extends in two dimensions, represented by a shape that looks like a tabletop Point- no dimension, represented by a small dot Postulate- rules that are accepted without proof Right Angle- 90 angle Same Side Interior Angles- see consecutive interior angles Segment Bisector- segment, ray, line, or plane that intersects a segment at midpoint Skew Lines- lines that do not intersect and are not coplanar Straight Angle- 180

Supplementary Angles- two angles whose measures add up to 180 Theorem- a true statement that follows as a result of other true statements Transversal- a line that intersects two or more coplanar lines at different points Two-Column Proof- has numbered statements and reasons that show the logical order of an argument Undefined Terms- not formally defined words Vertex- initial point of an angle Vertical Angles- angles that form two pairs of opposite rays

THEOREMS, AXIOMS, POSTULATES, FORMULAS, LAWS, AND PROPERTIES

Theorems: Pythagorean TheoremTheorem 2.1- Segment congruence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Theorem 2.2- Angle congruence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Theorem 2.3- All right angles are congruent. Theorem 2.4- If two angles are supplementary to the same angle, then they are congruent. Theorem 2.5- If two angles are complementary to the same angle then two angles are congruent. Vertical Angles Theorem- Vertical angles are congruent. Incidence Theorem- If and are distinct lines that are not parallel, then and have a unique point in common. Theorem? - For every distinct point there exists at least one line not incident with . Theorem 3.1- If two lines intersect to form a linear pair of congruent angles, then the lines are perpendicular. Theorem 3.2- If two sides of two adjacent acute angles are perpendicular, then the angles are complementary. Theorem 3.3- If two lines are perpendicular, then they intersect to form four right angles. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem- If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the pairs of alternate interior angles are congruent. Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem- If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the pairs of consecutive interior angles are supplementary. Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem- If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the pairs of alternate exterior angles are congruent. Perpendicular Transversal Theorem- If a transversal is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then it is perpendicular to the other. Perpendicular Lines Theorem- If 2 lines form congruent linear pairs then the lines are perpendicular. Triangle Sum Theorem- All interior angles of a triangle add up to 180 Base Angles Theorem- In a isosceles triangle, the base angles are congruent. Hypotenuse Leg Theorem- If the hypotenuse and leg of a right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and leg of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent Exterior Angles Theorem- In a triangle, the sum of the exterior angles is equal to the sum of non-adjacent interior angles. 3rd Angles Theorem- If 2 angles of a triangle are congruent then the 3rd angle is congruent. Axioms: Euclid 1- For every point and every point not equal to there exists a unique line incident with and . Euclid 2- For every segment and for every segment there exists a unique point such that is between and and segment is congruent to segment . Euclid 3- For every point and every point not equal to there exists a circle with center and radius . Euclid 4- All right angles are congruent to each other. Euclid 5 (Parallel Postulate)- For every line and every point not lying on there is at most one line through such that is parallel to .

Incidence 1- For every point and every point not equal or identical to there exists a unique line incident with and . Incidence 2- For every line there exists at least two distinct points within Incidence 3- There exists three distinct points with the property that no line is incident with all three. Postulates: Ruler Postulate- The points on a line can be matched one to one with the real numbers. The real number that corresponds to a point is the coordinate of the point. Distance between the points and is the absolute value of the difference between the coordinates of and . Segment Addition Postulate- If is between and then Protractor Postulate- For each ray, there is a unique angle measure (less than 360). For each angle measure, there is a unique ray. Angle Addition Postulate- If is in the interior of , then Postulate 5- Through any two points there exists exactly one line. Postulate 6- A line contains at least two points. Postulate 7- If two lines intersect, then their intersection is exactly one point. Postulate 8- Through any three noncollinear points there exists exactly one plane. Postulate 9- A plane contains at least three noncollinear points. Postulate 10- If two points lie in a plane, then the line containing them lies in the plane. Postulate 11- If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line. Linear Pair Postulate- If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary. Parallel Postulate- If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one line through the point parallel to the given line. Perpendicular Postulate- If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one line through the point perpendicular to the given line. Corresponding Angles Postulate- If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the pairs of corresponding angles are congruent. Formulas: Distance Formula- If AB = Midpoint Formula- If coordinates

and and .

are points in a coordinate plane, then the distance between A and B is are points in a coordinate plane, then the midpoint of line has

Area of a Triangle FormulaArea of a CircleSlope: Slope: Laws Law of Detachment- If Law of Syllogism- If

is a true conditional statement and is true, then and are true conditional statements, then

is true. is true.

Properties: Addition Property of Equality- If , then . Subtraction Property of Equality- If , then . Multiplication Property of Equality- If , then . Division Property of Equality- If and , then . Reflexive Property- For any real number . Symmetric Property- If , then . Transitive Property- If and , then . Substitution Property- If , then can be substituted for in any equation or expression.

Converses: Base Angle Theorem Converse- If the base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent, then the legs of the triangle are congruent.