NOTES FOR MBA (BUSINESS RESEARCH-524)

Q-1 What is Business Research? Define / Types of Business Research?

(Sp-06) Unit-01

BR is an organized, systematic, data- based, critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions. Applied Research Basic Research ( !re) Research done with the intention of applying Research done chiefly to enhance the the result of the finding to solve specific understanding of certain problems that problem currently being e perienced in the commonly o!ccur in organizational setting organization is called applied research. and seek methods of solving them is called basic fundamental pure research. Q!thics in Business Research?"
"thics are norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our relationships with others.

"# #rotecting the rights of the respondent or 5# Right to quality research. subject. 2# Respondent does not suffer physical harm. $# $afety %urban areas and undeveloped rural areas may be unsafe&. %# Rights to privacy. &# #rofessional standards should be followed. 4# 'onfidentiality Q-# Steps in$o%$e in Research &rocess"
Unit-0

(Sp-06' Sp-10)

"# 2# %# 4#

(efined #roblem Research (esign #reliminary (ata *athering ,nalysis ,nd -nterpretation

5# $ampling $# )ypotheses &# Report +riting '# .anagerial (ecision (*u-0+ , *u-0-)

Q-( What is Research Desi)n

Unit-0

A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. "# /ypes of investigation 4# $tudy setting 2# #urpose of $tudy 5# 0nit of ,nalysis %# (egree of interference $# /ime )orizon of $tudy Q-+ Type of Sa.p%in) Desi)n?(Sp-0-' *u-0+) Sampling is the act, process or technique of selecting a suitable sample or a representative part of a population for the purpose of determining parameters or characteristics of the whole population. r()a)ili*+ Sa,pli-. N(-- r()a)ili*+ Sa,pli-.
Unit-0#

"# $imple Random $ampling "# 1udgment 2# 'omple #robability $ampling 2# 2uota %a. systematic, b. cluster, c. stratified, d. double %# $nowball Q-6 Sa.p%in) Desi)n / &ro/ect &%annin) &rocess"(Sp-00)
Unit-0#

"# Relevant #opulation 2# #arameter of -nterest %# $ampling 3rame Q-- Types of Sca%es
Unit-0(

4# /ypes of $ample 5# $ample size is needed $# 'ost (Sp-06' *u-0- , Sp-10) %# I-*er/al Scales %5rder, (istance, 4o 0nique 5rigin& 4# Ra*i( Scales %5rder, (istance, 0nique 5rigin& (Sp-06' Sp-0- , Sp-10)
#" &ractica%ity a. !conomy b. Convenience c. $nterpretability

"# N(,i-al Scales %4o 5rder, 4o (istance, 4o 5rigin& 2# Ordi-al Scales %5rder, 4o (istance, 4o 0nique 5rigin&
Unit-0(

Q-1 2haracteristics of Soun3 4easure.ent?

1" 5a%i3ity a. Content Validity b. Criterion elated Validity c. Construct Validity. " Re%ia6i%ity a. Test - etest

eliability

b. "arallel #orm eliability c. $nternal consistency reliability

Q-0 2%assification of Sca%es? (*u-0+' Sp-06 , *u-0-)

0(

Unit-

"# S*!d+ O)0ec*i/e r(per*ies 2# Resp(-se Scales

Unit-0+

%# 1e.ree O2 re2ere-ce 4# Scale

Q-10 What is Secon3ary Data" *3$anta)e , Disa3$anta)es? (Sp-06') Ad/a-*a.es

"# 'an be found more quickly. 2# ,vailable with less cost. %# $ome times it is not possible to collect. 4# (ata about distant places can be achieved more easily and cheaply.

1isad/a-*a.es
"# .ay not need specific need. 2# (efinitions and terminology may differ. %# (ata may affect the results. 4. (ifficult to asses the accuracy of data collected by others. 5# 5ften out of date.

Types of Secon3ary Data Sources? I-*er-al S(!rces

"# ,ccounting Records 2# (epartmental Reports %# -nternal " perts.

E3*er-al S(!rces
"# 'omputer (ata Bases 2# ,ssociations %# *ovt. ,gencies 4. (irectories. 5. " ternal " perts $. 5ther #ublished $ources

Q-11 What is Sur$ey an3 its Types?

06

(*u-0-) INTER5EI6 "# $tructured 2# 0nstructured

Unit-

4UESTIONNAIRE

Q-1

2o.parison of Sur$ey 4etho3s

Unit-06

(*u-0-)
#" 4ai% Sur$ey %uestionnairies are mailed to target persons (ften 'owest Cost &eographic coverage with much low cost equires minimal staff

1" &ersona% 7nter$ie8s " Te%ephone 7nter$ie8 $nterview made directly $nterview made on telephone by trained persons

*3$anta)es
&ood Cooperation from respondent $nformation gathered by observation Special visual aids ) other devices *igh Cost *ighly tainted interviewer+s required #ollow-up is labor intensive Access is not available 'ower Cost &eographic coverage with low cost #astest completion time

Disa3$anta)es
esponse rate is lower *igher cost $nterview length must be limited Targets are not available by phone esponse rate is lower ,o interviewer+s intervention available Cant+t be long - comple. Accurate mailing lists needed

Q- 1#

7nstru.ent De$e%op.ent &rocess?

Unit-06

1" Question 9ierarchy a) /anagement %uestion 6) esearch %uestion c) $nvestigative %uestion

" Sur$ey Strate)y a) Communication /ode 6) #ocus &roup

#" Sche3u%e Desi)n a) $nformation needs 0etermination 6) $nstruments 0rafting c) $nstruments Testing

3) /easurement %uestion

3) 0ata &athering "rocess 0ecision

Q-1( !:!:&!R74!;T*T7<;?
"# .ake an observation. 2# ,sk , 2uestion %# 3orm a )ypotheses. 4# /est the )ypotheses

(Sp-06)

,n e perimentation or test can be carried out by using the scientific method.

S*eps i-/(l/ed i- e3peri,e-*a*i(5# ,nalyze the Results $# (raw a conclusion. &# 'ommunicate the results.

Q-1+ !:S74U=*T7<;? Q-16 !:<BS!R5*T7<;?

N(--)eha/i(ral O)ser/a*i("# Record ,nalysis 2# #hysical 'ondition ,nalysis %# #hysical #rocess ,nalysis

(Sp-06)

$imulation is a process from which we can observe the behavior of individual elements of system.
(*u-0+' *u-0-)

O)ser/a*i(Beha/i(ral O)ser/a*i("# 4onverbal ,nalysis 2# 6inguistic ,nalysis %# " tra 6inguistic 4# $patial ,nalysis

<6ser$ationa% 5aria6%es
0escriptive
01

$nferential

!valuative
(7.portant) Unit-

Q-1- !:D*T* *;*=>S7S , D*T* &R!S!;T*T7<;?

(ata analysis is a practice in which raw data is ordered and organized so that useful information can be e tracted from it. Raw data can take a variety of forms, including measurements, survey responses, and observations.

S*eps i-/(l/ed i- 1a*a A-al+sis 7 repara*i("# "diting 2# 'oding %# (ata "ntry O)0ec*i/es )) 'onsistent c) 0niformity d) 'omplete O)0ec*s a) ,nalyze )) 2ualitative $tudy c) 'ollect 7 'ode d) 6eads to conclusion a) /abulation )) 'ross /abulation a) ,ccurate

1ATA RESENTAITON T8 ES
"# Char*s 1ispla+i-. Fre9!e-cies# %Bar 'hart, #ie 'hart 7 #areto 'hart & 2# Char*s 1ispla+i-. Tre-ds %Run 'harts, 'ontrol 'hart 7 6ine *raph& %# Char*s 1ispla+i-. 1is*ri)!*i(%)istograms& 4# Char*s 1ispla+i-. Ass(cia*i(-s %$catter (iagrams&
(7.portant) Unit-01

Q-11 !:S9<RT ' =<;? , T!29;72*= R!&<RTS?

Short Reports =on) Reports

Technica% Reports