RESEARCH ARTICLES IN TOWN PLANNING STUDIES Introduction Research articles in social sciences are characterised by concise syntax, specific

terminology, and thematic progression, that is a linear theme-rheme progression, in which the rheme of a given clause becomes the theme of the following one. Conciseness is often achieved with the ing form. Among its various functions, the ing form can act as a noun, an adjective or it can be preceded by a preposition. Conciseness is also achieved with complex noun phrases. Communicative situation and translation rie! you have been commissioned to translate a research article by !eonie "andercoc# entitled $%ifference, &ear and 'abitus a political economy of urban fears(, which is to be published alongside its translation in a Romanian specialised journal in )*+,. -our tas# is to translate the first paragraph, which introduces the economic and demographic changes that led to the American urban crisis of the .*s. After reading and analysing the source text, produce a draft translation, then revise and edit it by chec#ing for accuracy, completeness, consistency, fluency, and acceptability for the communicative situation it is intended for. /reliminary activities +0 1dentify all the ing forms, examine their syntactic functions and suggest suitable e2uivalents. )0 !ist all instances of specialised vocabulary which are specific to the sociological topic of this passage and find suitable e2uivalents. Can you borrow some of them and use them as loan words3 Source Te"t#

DI$$ERENCE% $EAR% AND HA&ITUS# a 'olitical econom( o! ur an !ears Leonie Sandercock, Urbanistica, 119 +0 The American urban crisis of the 60s: fear of the ghetto )0 1n American cities since the mid-.*s discourses of fear and of urban decline have been allpervasive 45eauregard +66,0. ,0 7he trigger was the inner city rioting that spread across the country from the mid to late .*8s. 90 !ong-developing changes li#e post-industrial transformation become crises when a significant number of people ta#e notice of them, and that usually happens when the conse2uences of gradual change are displayed all at once in what seems li#e a sudden, violent disruption. :0 7he term ;the urban crisis< usually describes this period of particularly violent social upheaval in inner cities from the mid-.*s to about +6=*, and the sources of this urban crisis are generally attributed to the continuing post-industrial transformation of these inner cities two decades of sustained blac# migration to the >orthern inner city, largely white and middle class exodus to the suburbs, the flight of capital and especially manufacturing jobs from urban neighborhoods. .0 7hese structural changes formed the context for the upheavals surrounding the civil rights movement, rising expectations of urban blac#s in tension with social and physical conditions in the inner city, and the inade2uate responses of the state to the continuing problems of racial conflict, poverty, ine2uities in housing and education, and increasing criminal violence. =0 As 5eauregard puts it in Voices of Dec ine, a single theme emerged from and gave unity to the fevered discourse about urban decline. ?0 ;7he theme was race, the problem was the concentration, misery,

and rebellion of >egroes in central cities, and the reaction was one of fear and eventually panic< 45eauregard +66, +.60. 60 7hereafter, racial violence 4as in the ;race riot<0 and racially coded violence 4as in the figure of the ;mugger<, who is always assumed to be either blac# or hispanic0 became rubrics under which to reduce the complexity of urban transformation to sharply representable and narratable form. +*0 7he widespread tendency to understand the relationship between whites and blac#s in the postindustrial city as primarily a problem of too little law and order in the ghetto led to what "haron @u#in has called ;the institutionaliAation of fear< as a defining principle of urbanism during and after ;the urban crisis< in America 4@u#in +66. ,60. 4adapted from "ara !aviosa, Learning b! Trans ating0