Académique Documents
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Premessa / Foreword
1) Lista dei Giudici e Avvocati del processo - The judges of the Tribunal and lawyers Agosto /August
The judges of the Tribunal will be headed by retired Malaysian Federal Court judge Tan Sri Dato Lamin bin Haji Mohd Yunus Lamin, who also served as an ad litem judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Republic of Yugoslavia. The other judges in the Tribunal include notable names such as Mr Alfred Lambremont Webre, a Yale graduate, who authored several books on politics, Tunku Sofiah Jewa, practising lawyer and author of numerous publications on International Law, Prof Salleh Buang, former Federal Counsel in the Attorney-General Chambers and prominent author, Prof Emeritus Datuk Dr Shad Saleem Faruqi, prominent academic and professor of law, Michael Hourigan, an internationally renowned human rights lawyer and Prof Eric David, an International Humanitarian Law expert who was counsel at the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. The prosecution for the trial will be lead by Prof Gurdial S Nijar, prominent law professor and author of several law publications and Prof Francis Boyle, leading American professor, practitioner and advocate of international law, and assisted by a team of lawyers. The trial is open to the public and will be held on August 21-24, 2013
Novembre/November
The judges of the Tribunal will be headed by retired Malaysian Federal Court judge Tan Sri Dato Lamin bin Haji Mohd Yunus Lamin, who also served as an ad litemjudge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Republic of Yugoslavia. The other judges in the Tribunal include notable names such as Mr Alfred Lambremont Webre, a Yale law graduate, who authored several books on politics, Tunku Sofiah Jewa, practising lawyer and author of numerous publications on International Law, Prof Salleh Buang, former Federal Counsel in the Attorney-General Chambers and prominent author, and Prof Emeritus Datuk Dr Shad Saleem Faruqi, prominent academic and professor of law.. The prosecution for the trial will be led by Prof Gurdial S Nijar, prominent law professor and author of several law publications and senior barrister Tan Sri Dato Sri Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Rahman. The Defence Team will be led by Mr. Jason Kay Kit Leon, a member of the Malaysian Bar. Both Prosecution and Defence teams will be assisted by separate teams of lawyers from Malaysia and abroad. The trial is open to the public and will be held on November 20-25, 2013 at the premises of the Kuala Lumpur Foundation to Criminalise War (KLFCW) at 2nd Floor, No. 88, Jalan Perdana, Taman Tasek Perdana, Kuala Lumpur.
Nella seconda sessione non sono presenti Eric David e Francis Boyle; parte delle discussioni nate nei mesi che separano le due sessioni , principalmente sulla difesa di Isaele, sono leggibili a questi link
In the second session there are no Eric David and Francis Boyle. Some discussions in the months between the two sessions, mainly on the subject of Israeli defense, are readable at these links
http://criminalisewar.org/2013/gaza-war-victims-
stomach by an Israeli sniper with a Dum Dum bullet (a bullet which expands on impact). Nabil, a student of the Ahliya
University in Bethlehem was part of a peaceful student demonstration expressing their dissatisfaction over the attacks launched by the Israeli troops against Gaza City during the previous weeks. As he lay bleeding on the street, the Israeli soldiers refused to give him immediate aid instead took pictures of him and made fun of him. The use of Dum Dum bullets during a military occupation is a war crime and Nabil confirmed that the usage of Dum Dum bullets were a norm in the Palestine-Israeli conflict.
Testimonianza dello storico israeliano Ilan Pappe / Ilan Pappe testifies Ilan Pappe [n.d.r di Nuova Storiografia israeliana] ha testimoniato che le espulsioni non venivano decise ad hoc, come hanno sostenuto altri storici, ma costituivano pulizia etnica della Palestina in coerenza con il Piano Dalet redatto nel 1947 seguito dai leader di Israele. Ha testimoniato che l'espulsione dei Palestinesi nel 1948 costituiva la pulizia etnica, poich il movimento sionista era indifferente ai nativi del luogo; gi nel 1940, i sionisti iniziarono a deliberarne il destino: volevano la Palestina con il minor numero possibile di nativi rimasti, e che gli altri lasciassero il paese volontariamente o costretti. Ha inoltre rivelato che dal 1948 fino al 1949, il piano stato imposto dalle forze sioniste circondando i villaggi da tre parti lasciando un solo fianco aperto. Circa 530 villaggi sono stati spazzati via fisicamente. Sotto il piano di spartizione, il 56 % della terra doveva essere consegnato a Israele, in cui i 2/ 3 della popolazione era Palestinese. Alla fine il 93% del territorio pass sotto il controllo di Israele e 750.000 Palestinesi sono stati ridotti in condizione di rifugiati nei paesi limitrofi, a Gaza e in Cisgiordania. Dopo la guerra del 1967, Gaza e Cisgiordania vennero occupate. Ha aggiunto che dopo aver preso in consegna la maggior parte dei territori Palestinesi, la politica sionista cambiata dallespellere al distruggere i Palestinesi e che, quindi, il massacro di Sabra e Chatila stato un tentativo di distruzione della presenza dei Palestinesi in Libano. Ha detto al giudice che il ricorso ad azioni militari contro i Palestinesi a Gaza e in Cisgiordania da considerare genocidio contro persone impossibilitate a difendersi. Le operazioni militari come Summer Rains, Autumn Clouds e Piombo Fuso miravano solo a ucciderli, distruggerne l'economia, la cultura e lo spirito. -- Nel controinterrogatorio del Difensore Jason Kay, Pappe ha convenuto che la sua visione della storia israeliana di minoranza e che, pur essendo grato che il movimento sionista abbia salvato i suoi genitori dallOlocausto nazista, la maniera morale di agire quella di vivere insieme ai Palestinesi, non espellerli e ucciderli.
The testimony of Israeli historian and socialist activist Ilan Pappe was an interesting and revealing account of the Zionists leadership strategy to rid the Palestinians from their homeland since the 1940s. He testified that the expulsions were not decided on an ad hoc basis, as other historians have argued, but constituted the ethnic cleansing of Palestine , in accordance with Plan Dalet drawn up in 1947 by Israels leaders then. He testified that the expulsion of the Palestinians in 1948 constituted ethnic cleansing, as the Zionists movement was not concerned with the native people. He revealed that it was as early as in the 1940s when the Zionists began deliberating the fate of the indigenous people of Palestine and that they wanted to take over Palestine with as little Palestinians in it by having them leave voluntarily or be forced out. He further revealed that from 1948 until 1949, the plan was enforced by Zionist forces to cleanse villages and towns of Palestinians by encircling the villages/towns from three flanks to intimidate the residents into leaving by leaving one flank open. Some 530 villages were wiped out physically. Under the partition plan, 56% of the land was to be handed to Israel wherein the 2/3 of the population was Palestinians. In the end, 93% of the land came under the control of Israel and 750,000 Palestinians were left out as refugees in neighbouring countries, in Gaza and West Bank. After the 1967 war, Gaza and West Bank were occupied.
He added that having taken over most of Palestine territories, the Zionist policy changed from expelling to destroying the Palestinians. Hence, the Sabra & Shatilla massacre was an attempt to destroy Palestinians in Lebanon. He told the tribunal that the use of military action against Palestinians in Gaza and West Bank was considered genocidal against people who cannot defend themselves. Military operations such as Summer Rains, Autumn Clouds, and Cast Lead were just to kill the Palestinians and destroy the economy, culture and their spirit.
In cross-examination by Amicus Curiae Jason Kay, Prof Pappe agreed that his view of history is a minority view and that while he is grateful that the Zionist movement had saved his parents from the Nazi holocaust for which he is grateful however the moral way, is to live together with the Palestinians, not expel and kill them.
http://criminalisewar.org/2013/renowned-
historian-testifies-on-systematic-ethnic-cleansing-of-palestinians/
[] Ultimo testimone dell'accusa il 42enne Jawwad Musleh, Palestinese cristiano della West Bank che ha raccontato delle ripetute carcerazioni cui era stato sottoposto dall'et di 15, facendo un quadro chiaro della situazione socio-economica e delle prospettive della West Bank . Egli fu arrestato nel 1985, a 15 anni di et, con l'accusa di far parte del Fronte per la Liberazione della Palestina (FPLP); seguirono altri otto arresti nei quali ha subito torture mentale e psicologico. Ha denunciato che sempre pi terre vengono sottratte ai Palestinesi sostituiti da 700.000 coloni ebrei che vivono in Cisgiordania e che Gerusalemme, ha detto, stata " Giudaizzata" o " Israelizzata" .
Riguardo al Muro, ha detto essere in realt una strategia per confiscare ed espropriare pi terra, perch non viene costruito sul confine ma all'interno della Cisgiordania. Ci sono al momento circa 730 checkpoint e blocchi stradali in Cisgiordania, oltre ai " Checkpoint volanti", il che significa che gli israeliani possono comparire in qualsiasi luogo , in qualsiasi momento. L'esercito israeliano ai posti di blocco talvolta lascia transitare senza problemi, altre volte devono presentare unautorizzazione, altre i , devono aspettare ore in cosa, e un tragitto di un'ora pu richiederne cinque. Quando c' una manifestazione, i posti di blocco vengono automaticamente chiusi. Sulla questione della fornitura di acqua, ha testimoniato che i Palestinesi soffrono di scarsit d'acqua poich le autorit israeliane ne controllano l'approvvigionamento; l'acqua viene fornita ai coloni israeliani a un prezzo inferiore, e 5 volte in pi di volume che ai Palestinesi. Lacqua fornita ai Palestinesi non sufficiente per luso quotidiano e provoca grande disagio e di sofferenza.
The prosecutions final witness was 42-year-old Jawwad Musleh, a Christian Palestinian from West Bank who gave testimony of the repeated incidents of incarceration that he had been subjected to since the age of 15 and gave the tribunal a clear picture of the socio-economic outlook of West Bank. [...] He told the tribunal that more and more Palestinian lands are being taken away and that there are 700,000 Jewish settlers living in the West Bank and in Jerusalem. Jerusalem, he said, is being Judaised or Israelised. On the subject of the Wall, he told the tribunal, it is actually a strategy to confiscate and expropriate more land. He said that the wall is not built on the border but inside the West Bank, and this has further reduced the landmass of the West Bank. [...]He testified that there are at the moment some 730 checkpoints and roadblocks in the West Bank. This excludes flying checkpoints, which the Israelis set up at any place at any time. He related that the Israeli army control the checkpoints, at some checkpoints they can pass without problems, at some, they have to submit ID, while at others, they have to wait for hours as they are very crowded. He revealed that a journey of one hour could take five hours. And when there is a demonstration, the checkpoints are simply shutdown. On the issue of water supply, he revealed that Palestinians suffer from water shortages as the Israeli authorities control the supply of water. He testified that water is supplied to the Israeli settlers at a cheaper price, and 5 times more in volume to Palestinians. He said that the water supplied to Palestinians is inadequate for their daily use and causes them great hardship and suffering.
continua a leggere in inglese / read more http://criminalisewar.org/2013/prima-facie-caseestablished/ o vai direttamente allo stream video dellarringa http://www.ustream.tv/channel/kl-warcrime-tribunal?utm_campaign=ustre-am&utm_source=ustre-am&utm_medium=social
Il Tribunale ha deliberato con decisione unanime che per entrambe le accuse il caso era completato in prima face ( "a prima vista"). The Court decided unanimously for both charges that the case was completed prima face ( "at first sight")
Mahathir Mohamad,
fondatore della Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission The founder of KLWCT
-Sull accusa contro Amos Yaron, Kay ha affermato che nessuno dei testimoni ha individuato Yaron in alcun modo direttamente responsabile per le morti avvenute in Sabra e Chatila nel settembre 1982 . Egli ha sostenuto che la Commissione Kahan aveva stabilito che Yaron aveva comunicato ai falangisti la posizione dei terroristi nei campi ma non aveva detto di attaccare la popolazione civile . - SullOperazione Piombo Fuso, Kay fa riferimento ai report israeliani che non avevano trovato nulla di sbagliato da parte dellIDF . Si fatto riferimento anche all'articolo di Goldstone dove si dice che avendo accesso a ulteriori prove si sarebbe potuto arrivare a conclusioni diverse nel suo rapporto alle Nazioni Unite.
-Sul tema del Muro, Kay ha sostenuto che la recinzione stata motivata principalmente da considerazioni di sicurezza per proteggere le vite degli israeliani nella zona. La decisione di erigere la recinzione stata conseguenza dellaumento del terrorismo palestinese nel 2002. Con riferimento al Piano Dalet , Kay ha sostenuto non essere volto a pulizia etnica ma solo difensivo, ricordando che i Palestinesi sono sostenitori di Hamas, le cui azioni potrebbero essere considerate crimini contro l'umanit e crimini di guerra .
Amicus Curiae Jason Kay submitted that genocide requires a decrease in population of the victim/group. He quoted Article 2 of the Genocide Convention 1948 pointing out that the acts that constitute genocide includes acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial or religious group. This includes killing members of the group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group, deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part, imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group, and forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. He stressed that when one talks about massive killing it should mean many hundreds of thousand to millions. He submitted that the murder of 3,000 people in the Sabra and Shatilla massacre could not be considered massive killing unlike i.e. the killing of 800,000 people in Rwanda in 100 days and the systematic killing of the Jews by Nazi Germany. On the charge against Amos Yaron, the Amicus Curiae submitted that none of the witnesses identified Yaron in any way as directly responsible for the deaths that took place in Sabra and Shatilla in September 1982. He argued that the Kahan Commission had cited that Yaron had told the Phalangists of the location of the terrorists in the camps and not to harm the civilian population. With regard to Cast Lead Operation, the Amicus referred to the Israeli reports that did not find any wrong doing on the part of IDF. Also reference was made to Goldstones article that said that if he had access to further evidence he would have had a different conclusion for the UN report prepared by him (Goldstone). On the subject of the Wall, the amicus submitted that the
wall/fence was primarily motivated by security considerations to protect the lives of the Israelis in the area. The decision to erect the fence was made to new rise in Palestinian terrorism in 2002. In reference to Plan Dalet, the amicus submitted that the plan was not aimed at ethnic cleansing and that it was entirely defensive. Amicus proceeded to submit that the Palestinians are supporters of Hamas, whose numerous acts could be considered crimes against humanity and war crimes.
Segue la replica del Pubblico Ministero e il Tribunale rinvia per la deliberazione sulle prove e le osservazioni presentate durante i cinque giorni alla seduta del pomeriggio di Luned 25.
The Prosecutor replies point by point. After the submission from the Prosecution and Amicus Curiae Kay, the Tribunal adjourned to deliberate on the evidence and submissions that were presented during the five days and will deliver its judgment on Monday 25, afternoon.
Gaza- Una ragazzina Palestinese con estese bruciature causate dai proiettili al fosforo bianco
Gaza - Gruesome image of a little Palestinian girl with extensive burns all over her body caused by White Phosphorous
25 November
La sentenza di colpevolezza emessa dal Tribunale Here the press release of the judgment
http://criminalisewar.org/2013/israel-found-guilty-of-genocide/
LA SENTENZA - sintesi Il Tribunale dopo aver preso in considerazione, punto per punto, le argomentazioni della Difesa e rigettato, in particolare, il concetto che il genocidio sia una questione di numero delle vittime e ponendolo invece nellintenzione di distruggere in modo sistematico le condizioni di vita di un popolo, riconosce colpevole lo stato di Israele delle accuse che gli sono state mosse. Colpevoli, stato di Israele e generale Amos Yaron di complicit nell'uccisione di massa dei Profughi Palestinesi a Sabra e Chatila. In particolare per le argomentazioni della Difesa sul lancio di razzi palestinesi verso il territorio israeliano, che in alcuni casi hanno colpito dei civili, riconosce trattarsi di reazioni difensive agli attacchi delle sercito di Israele. Il Tribunale proceder a iscrivere Israele e il generale Yaron nel Registro dei Criminali di guerra e trasmetter gli atti del processo concluso alla Corte Penale internazionale. Raccomanda, inoltre, la massima pubblicit a livello mondiale della sentenza emessa e ricorda che la prevenzione del genocidio jus cogens. Diritto inderogabile.
Note/ footnotes
Testimonianza video, da me raccolta nel 2010, di due sopravvissute di Sabra/Chatila En- Video: Two survivors of Sabra/Chatila tell me, in 2010, their memories in the Cemetery of the Martyres in Sabra. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3Z6AKtLIw0&feature=share&list= PLA32F39AA4D73B924&index=18