Metaphysics is a traditional branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world that

encompasses it,
[1]

although the term is not easily defined.

[3]

[2]

Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to

answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms: 1. What is ultimately there? 2. What is it like?

A person who studies metaphysics is called a metaphysicist

[4]

or a metaphysician.

[5]

The metaphysician attempts to

clarify the fundamental notions by which people understand the world, e.g., existence, objects and their properties, space and time, cause and effect, and possibility. A central branch of metaphysics is ontology, the investigation into the basic categories of being and how they relate to each other. Another central branch of metaphysics iscosmology, the study of the origin (if it has had one), fundamental structure, nature, and dynamics of the universe. Prior to the modern history of science, scientific questions were addressed as a part of metaphysics known as natural philosophy. Originally, the term "science" (Latin scientia) simply meant "knowledge". The scientific method, however, transformed natural philosophy into an empirical activity deriving fromexperiment unlike the rest of philosophy. By the end of the 18th century, it had begun to be called "science" to distinguish it from philosophy. Thereafter, metaphysics denoted philosophical enquiry of a non-empirical character into the nature of existence. philosophers of science strongly disagree. Epistemology ( of knowledge
[1][2] i [6]

Some philosophers of

science, such as the neo-positivists, say that natural science rejects the study of metaphysics, while other

/pstmldi/ from Greek , epistm, meaning "knowledge, understanding",

and , logos, meaning "study of") is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope and is also referred to as "theory of knowledge". It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to connected notions such as truth,belief, and justification. The term "epistemology" was introduced by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (18081864). What is Epistemology?: Epistemology is the investigation into the grounds and nature of knowledge itself. The study of epistemology focuses on our means for acquiring knowledge and how we can differentiate between truth and falsehood. Modern epistemology generally involves a debate between rationalism and empiricism, or the question of whether knowledge can be acquired a priori or a posteriori:
[3]

Axiology (from Greek , axi, "value, worth"; and -, -logos) is the philosophical study of value. It is either the collective term for ethics and aesthetics philosophical fields that depend crucially on notions of value or the foundation for these fields, and thus similar to value theory and meta-ethics. The term was first used by Paul Lapie, in 1902,
[2] [1]

and Eduard von Hartmann, in 1908.

[3][4]

Axiology studies mainly two kinds of values: ethics and aesthetics. Ethics investigates the concepts of "right" and "good" in individual and social conduct. Aesthetics studies the concepts of "beauty" and "harmony." Formal

axiology, the attempt to lay out principles regarding value with mathematical rigor, is exemplified by Robert S. Hartman's Science of Value. Studies of both kinds are found in Cultura: International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology. Axiology, the science of human values, enables us to identify the internal valuing systems that influence our perceptions, decisions and actions - to clearly understand "why" we do what we do! Philosophy Field Of Study Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Wikipedia In context Metaphysics is a broad area of philosophy marked out by two types of inquiry. rep.routledge.com Their philosophy was that the purpose of life was to live a life of virtue in agreement with nature. Wikipedia In the larger sense of the word, Aristotle makes philosophy coextensive with reasoning, which he also would describe as ``science''. Wikipedia Related topics Metaphysics - traditional branch of philosophy Consciousness - quality or state Epistemology - branch of philosophy Department of Philosophy / Programs / Undergraduate Program / What is Philosophy? What is Philosophy? Quite literally, the term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom." In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other. As an academic discipline philosophy is much the same. Those who study philosophy are perpetually engaged in asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to lifes most basic questions. To make such a pursuit more systematic academic philosophy is traditionally divided into major areas of study.

Metaphysics At its core the study of metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality, of what exists in the world, what it is like, and how it is ordered. In metaphysics philosophers wrestle with such questions as:

Is there a God? What is truth? What is a person? What makes a person the same through time? Is the world strictly composed of matter? Do people have minds? If so, how is the mind related to the body? Do people have free wills? What is it for one event to cause another?

Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge. It is primarily concerned with what we can know about the world and how we can know it. Typical questions of concern in epistemology are:

What is knowledge? Do we know anything at all? How do we know what we know? Can we be justified in claiming to know certain things?

Ethics The study of ethics often concerns what we ought to do and what it would be best to do. In struggling with this issue, larger questions about what is good and right arise. So, the ethicist attempts to answer such questions as:

What is good? What makes actions or people good? What is right? What makes actions right? Is morality objective or subjective? How should I treat others?

Logic Another important aspect of the study of philosophy is the arguments or reasons given for peoples answers to these questions. To this end philosophers employ logic to study the nature and structure of arguments. Logicians ask such questions as:

What constitutes "good" or "bad" reasoning? How do we determine whether a given piece of reasoning is good or bad?

History of Philosophy The study of philosophy involves not only forming ones own answers to such questions, but also seeking to understand the way in which people have answered such questions in the past. So, a significant part of philosophy is its history, a history of answers and arguments about these very questions. In studying the history of philosophy one explores the ideas of such historical figures as:

Plato

Locke

Marx

Aristotle

Hume

Mill

Aquinas

Kant

Wittgenstein

Descartes

Nietzsche

Sartre

What often motivates the study of philosophy is not merely the answers or arguments themselves but whether or not the arguments are good and the answers are true. Moreover, many of the questions and issues in the various areas of philosophy overlap and in some cases even converge. Thus, philosophical questions arise in almost every discipline. This is why philosophy also encompasses such areas as: Philosophy of Law Philosophy of Feminism

Philosophy of Religion

Philosophy of Science

Philosophy of Mind

Philosophy of Literature

Political Philosophy

Philosophy of the Arts

Philosophy of History

Philosophy of Language

Definition of Meal Management? Answer Meal management refers to a planned series of events which is mainly concerned with menu-planning, food purchasing, preparation, and serving the meal. In business, meal management is the efficient application of the 5 Ms of management concept, namely: man hour (time),materials, methods, money and manpower (labour). he Five Functions of Supervising Posted on October 21st, 2009 admin No comments How many supervisors really understand what they are responsible for when they start out on the Trail Boss path? Most are introduced to their staff, told what the goals and objectives are, and then the magic wand is waved to magically ensure success! The five basic functions of the supervisor are: Function #1: PLANNING The first thing a new supervisor needs to learn is how to plan. This includes planning for personal tasks, employee

workloads, coaching and developing staff and for implementing corporate goals. There are two basic levels of planning that supervisors are responsible for long term strategic goals and short term tactile planning. Long term or strategic planning focuses on the big picture, providing a framework from which the team operates. Short term or tactile planning focuses on the daily operations of the team in meeting the long-term goals of the organization. Function #2: ORGANIZING Once the long and short-term planning goals are in place, the supervisor needs to organize accordingly. This includes prioritizing the workload based on business goals and then distributing the tasks to team members. There are many planning tools available such as the free newsletter www.mygoalmanager.com . Delegating is also a valuable part of organizing the workload and can be used to upskill employees and promote career development. Function #3: RESOURCING Resourcing is a term used to identify what is needed in order to get the job done. This includes budget, staff requirements and support networks such as internet and the Human Resources Department. It is important for supervisors to know what resources are available and how to access them. It is recommended that supervisors develop a resource database that can be accessed personally and for employee situations. Function #4: LEADING You manage things, you lead people. Beyond the tactile duties of the supervisor, leadership is t he part that inspires productivity and encourages employee buy-in. According to management consultants Kouzes and Posner, leadership is a combination of five practices that can be learned. These practices combine self-discipline with clear goals and recognition along the way. www.theleadershipchallenge.com The Coaching Connection offers leadership training which includes the work and of Kouzes and Posner. Check our website at www.kaizencoach.com/programs.htm Function #5: MONITORING Monitoring is the practice of ensuring work is being done according to the plan. There are numerous ways to measure progress including performance contracts/appraisals, monitoring qualitative and quantitative results, client feedback and project management tools/programs. Coaching employees on a regular basis is critical part of monitoring performance, while building trust and developing competencies throughout the performance period. Supervisor's Basic Responsibilities

As a new supervisor, some of the topics you will want to familiarize yourself with may include:

The current job descriptions of employees who report to you Employees payroll titles, job classifications and personnel policies or bargaining unit agreements which govern the terms and conditions of employment for those employees

Previous documentation about job performance of each employee supervised Your job performance expectations of each employee How to communicate expectations and manage employee performance What employees expect from you as their supervisor

Meal Management
We recognise the part good nutrition plays in maintaining everyday health and vigour. You may require a varying level of assistance with this from some basic help in the kitchen to assistance with meal planning and preparation, to include freshly cooked food if desired. Your careworker can help to prepare your breakfast, mid-day meal, evening meal or supper, and any other snacks and drinks you may need during the day. Your careworker will be able to sit with you while you have your meals for conversation or companionship, or assist you in eating your meal if required. Some people choose to use a frozen meal delivery service; we can assist you in ordering and preparing these too... we will work with you and your choices.

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