1.

The building is divided into four zones namely west zone, east zone, south zone and centre zone.
South zone peaks at December 22, 6PM
East zone peaks at January 21, 8AM
West zone peaks at January 21, 4PM
Centre zone is expected to peak in summer where the ambient temperature is highest
a. PEAK LOADS

East zone
West zone
South zone
Centre zone
TOTAL

Sensible(W)
24,626
26,507
15,434
67,071
133,638

Total(W)
25,466
27,234
16,371
75,276
144,347

b. w/m2 average

East zone
West zone
South zone
Centre zone
TOTAL FLOOR

c. Not required
d.

W/m2
158.4
177.7
112.4
68.8
129

Air flow(l/s)
2,065
2,230
1,277
5,156
10,728

December 22
SOUTH

EAST

WEST

CENTRE

8AM
10AM
12NOON
2PM
4PM
6PM
8AM
10AM
12NOON
2PM
4PM
6PM
8AM
10AM
12NOON
2PM
4PM
6PM

Sensible(w)
12,080
12,009
12,217
13,050
13,717
15,434
24,363
22,150
15,515
13,851
13,112
12,505
10,192
10,379
13,555
18,831
26,014
23,022

Total (w) Air (l/s)

13,018
991
12,946
985
13,154
1,003
13,987
1,074
14,654
1,131
16,371
1,277
25,203
2,042
22,990
1,854
16,355
1,288
14,691
1,146
13,952
1,083
13,345
1,031
10,920
839
11,106
855
14,283
1,126
19,558
1,575
26,741
2,188
23,750
1,933
Sensible = 67,071 W
Total =75,276 W
Air Flow = 5,156 l/s

January 21
Sensible(w)
11,711
12,009
12,217
13,050
13,347
14,440
24,626
22,150
15,515
13,851
13,112
12,426
10,192
10,379
10,718
18,831
26,507
22,715

Total (w)
12,649
12,946
13,154
13,987
14,285
15,377
25,466
22,990
16,355
14,691
13,952
13,266
10,920
11,106
11,446
19,558
27,234
23,442

February 20
Air (l/s)
960
985
1,003
1,074
1,099
1,192
2,065
1,854
1,288
1,146
1,083
1,025
839
855
884
1,575
2,230
1,907

Sensible(w)
11,371
11,810
12,160
12,851
13,007
12,850
23,835
22,164
15,463
13,666
12,980
12,215
10,059
10,192
10,665
18,564
25,707
19,248

Total (w)
12,308
12,747
13,098
13,789
13,944
13,788
24,675
23,004
16,303
14,506
13,820
13,055
10,786
10,920
11,392
19,292
26,434
19,975

Air (l/s)
931
968
998
1,057
1,070
1,057
1,997
1,855
1,284
1,131
1,072
1,007
828
839
879
1,553
2,162
1,611

2. South zone
RA = 24 CDB
OA = 31.1 CDB

1277 l/s
62.5 l/s

BF= 15% and ADP = 12.5 C

MA = {(24*1277)+(31.1*62.5)}/1339.5 = 24.3 C
0.15 = (Tsa-12.5)/(24.3-12.5)
Tsa = 14.3 C

East Zone

RA = 24 CDB

2065 l/s

OA = 31.1 CDB

56 l/s

BF= 15% and ADP = 12.5 C

MA = {(24*2065)+(31.1*56)}/2121 = 24.2 C
0.15 = (Tsa-12.5)/(24.2-12.5)
Tsa = 14.3 C

West Zone
RA = 24 CDB 2230 l/s
OA = 31.1 CDB

48.5 l/s

BF= 15% and ADP = 12.5 C

MA = {(24*2230)+(31.1*48.5)}/2278.5 = 24.2 C
0.15 = (Tsa-12.5)/(24.2-12.5)
Tsa = 14.3 C
Central zone
RA = 24 CDB
OA = 31.1 CDB

5156 l/s
547 l/s

BF= 15% and ADP = 12 C

MA = {(24*5156)+(31.1*547)}/5703 = 24.6 C
0.15 = (Tsa-12)/(24.6-12)
Tsa = 13.9 C

The temperatures are almost the same and they all look almost identical in psychrometric chart hence
only one chart is supplied (see attached chart)

3. I think the building design was not optimal because it was built in years where energy cost was cheap.
4. The cheapest way is to add insulation about 75mm thick to the partition wall in the centre zone. The resulting load becomes:
From table 35 the new U is 0.42 (compare to the old U =2.03)

Centre Zone
Without insulation
With insulation

Sensible(w)
67,071
63,937

Total (W)
75,276
72,142

Air flow (l/s)

5,156
4,900

The Second cheapest way is to add insulation about 75mm thick to the perimeter building walls. The resulting load becomes:
From table 35 the new U is 0.46 (compare to the old U =3.42)

EAST ZONE
Without insulation
With insulation

Sensible(w)
24,626
23,906

Total (W)
25,466
24,746

Air flow (l/s)

2,065
1,920

SOUTH ZONE
Without insulation
With insulation

Sensible (W)
15,434
13,631

Total (W)
16,371
14,569

Air Flow (l/s)

1,277
1,077

WEST ZONE
Without insulation
With insulation

Sensible (W)
26,507
23,572

Total (W)
27,234
24,299

Air Flow (l/s)

2,230
1,897