ZXWN MGW&IM-MGW Product Description

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ZXWN MGW&IM-MGW Product

Description
ZXWN MGW&IM-MGW Product Description

Version
Date
Author
Approved By
Remarks
V1.00
2008-10-23
Shisong
Not open to the Third Party
V1.01
2009-09-01
Chenyumei
Not open to the Third Party
2009 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be
disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is
subjected to change without notice.
II
ZTE Confidential Proprietary
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Overview 1
1.1 Network structure of ZXW10 system........................................................................................1
1.2 The Location and Functions of ZXWN MGW in the Mobile Network........................................1
1.3 Related Interfaces and Protocols of ZXWN MGW....................................................................3
2 Highlight Features...................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Advanced Design..................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Large Capacity & High Integration Unified All-IP Platform, Lower TCO ..................................5
2.3 Common Elements for GSM, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA..........................................................5
2.4 Open interface and Flexible Networking Capabilities...............................................................5
2.5 Outstanding Reliability and Excellent Performance..................................................................5
2.6 Abundant Service Functions.................................................................................................... 6
2.7 Smooth Evolution/Expansion Capabilities................................................................................7
2.8 Convenient Operation Maintenance......................................................................................... 7
3 Functionality............................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Basic Function.......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Signaling Processing Function .......................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 User Plane Processing Function .......................................................................................9
3.2 Service and Functions............................................................................................................ 10
3.2.1 IPV6 10
3.2.2 MPLS............................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.3 AMR-WB.......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.4 BFD 13
3.2.5 MSC Pool Function.......................................................................................................... 13
3.2.6 Iu-CS/A over IP ............................................................................................................... 13
4 System Architecture................................................................................................................ 14
4.1 Product Physical Structure..................................................................................................... 14
4.2 Hardware Architecture........................................................................................................... 15
4.2.1 The hardware structure of 3G unified platform.................................................................15
4.2.2 ZXWN MGW Hardware Structure....................................................................................16
4.3 Software Architecture............................................................................................................. 19
4.3.1 Software Environment...................................................................................................... 19
4.3.2 Software Structure........................................................................................................... 20
5 Technical Specifications......................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Physical Indices..................................................................................................................... 22
5.1.1 Mechanical Dimension..................................................................................................... 22
5.1.2 Weight.............................................................................................................................. 23
5.1.3 Color 23
5.2 Capacity................................................................................................................................. 23
5.3 Performance........................................................................................................................... 24
5.4 Power 25
5.4.1 Power Supply Range....................................................................................................... 25
5.4.2 Power Consumption ........................................................................................................ 25
5.5 Transmission.......................................................................................................................... 25
5.6 Working Environment............................................................................................................. 26
5.6.1 Temperature and humidity requirements.........................................................................26
5.6.2 Cleanness Requirements ................................................................................................ 26
III
5.6.3 Air Pollution Requirements.............................................................................................. 26

5.7 Reliability................................................................................................................................ 26
6 Operation and Maintenance.................................................................................................... 28
6.1 Configuration Management System.......................................................................................29
6.2 Fault Management System.................................................................................................... 29
6.3 Performance Management System........................................................................................ 29
6.4 Diagnosis Test System.......................................................................................................... 30
6.5 Signaling Trace System......................................................................................................... 30
6.6 Service Observation System.................................................................................................. 30
6.7 Variable Management System............................................................................................... 31
FIGURES
Network structure of the ZTE UMTS R4 system.........................................................................1
The location of ZXWN MGW in the mobile network...................................................................2
The location of ZXWN IM-MGW in the IMS network...................................................................3
ZXWN MGW cabinet appearance and internal layout .............................................................14
The Structure of ZTE All IP Unified Platform............................................................................15
Hardware system structure of ZXWN MGW .............................................................................18
System software hierarchy ZXWN MGW ..................................................................................20
O&M system structure of ZXWN MGW......................................................................................28
TABLES
IV
Interfaces and protocols of ZXWN MGW....................................................................................3

Coding of the codec types AMR-WB......................................................................................... 11
Compatibility of AMR-WB Codec Types...................................................................................12
Allowed Configurations for AMR-WB Types.............................................................................12
Typical capacity indices of ZXWN MGW...................................................................................23
Reference Traffic Models of ZXWN MGW..................................................................................24
ZXWN MGWs Performance........................................................................................................ 24
Cable Types of ZXWN MGW ...................................................................................................... 25
Temperature and humidity requirements of ZXWN MGW........................................................26
Reliability Figures of ZXWN MGW............................................................................................. 27
Overview
1.1
Network structure of ZXW10 system

Being an independent member of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP, ZTE
has contributed to formulating UMTS-related specifications, which explains why ZTE has
been taking the lead in the R&D of UMTS. ZTE has launched several 3GPP R4-based
mature commercial UMTS systems. ZTE can provide a whole set of solutions for service
networks, core networks and wireless access networks as desired by different operators.
The network structure of the ZTE UMTS system (ZXW10) R4 is shown in following
figure.
Figure 1
1.2
Network structure of the ZTE UMTS R4 system
The Location and Functions of ZXWN MGW in the

Mobile Network
ZXWN MGW belongs to the media access layer in R4 core network, implementing the
medial format converter between mobile network and PSTN, supporting various voice
and data service. ZXWN MGW is located as media gateway in telecom level, providing
the telecom level voice quality, management and operation functions. Meanwhile, it has
high reliability, high usability and easy maintenance.
ZXWN MGW has built-in signaling gateway (SGW) to implement the networking through
various signaling bearing connection modes, without adopting the independent signaling
gateway. The independent SGW can also be set according to the actual demand of
networking. The architecture based on R4 split of control and bearer is compliant with
the development trend of NGN.
Its location in the network is shown in following figure.
Figure 2
The location of ZXWN MGW in the mobile network
ZXWN MGW is a combined 2G/3G network element. The systems provides external
NEs with such network interfaces as Iu-CS, Nb, Ai/Di (PSTN/ISDN), A (2G-BSC), Mc
and NIF (for the broadband or narrowband signaling transfer with the MSC Server). It
implements WCDMA voice telephone, multimedia service, CS domain data service and
inter-working between PSTN and WCDMA and between 2G and 3G. ZXWN MGW
supports the extended VoIP or FoIP service and can directly interworks with the fixed
NGN through IP. Integrated with the SGW function, it can transfer the signaling to other
NEs such as the MSC Server.
The radio side interface of MGW can be accessed with AAL2 bearing of UMTS RNC and
GSM BSC. ZXWN MGW supports ALCAP signaling interface implementing
establishment and release of AAL2 bearing. The interface between MGW and RNC is IuCS interface, and the interface between MGW and BSC is A interface.
The network side interface of ZXWN MGW offers TDM, ATM and IP. ZXWN MGW
supports ALCAP signaling interface implementing establishment and release of AAL2
bearing, if AAL2 bearing exits. ZXWN MGW supports IPBCP protocol implementing
negotiation of RTP bearing establishment, if RTP bearing exits. In the network side,
ZXWN MGW is probably connected to other MGW or PSTN as a GMGW, and the
interface between MGWs is Nb interface, while the interface between MGW and PSTN
is Ai interface.
The Mc signaling interface between MGW and MSC Server is based on H.248 protocol
which carries internetworking gateway control and bearing control messages between
MSC Server and MGW. If RTP bearing establishment negotiation exists, MGW supports
BCTP protocol, transmitting SDP dialog of IPBCP transparently.
3GPP R4 supports TrFO/TFO coding negotiation mechanism. TrFO implements the outof-band signaling co-decoding negotiation for the whole process of UE-RNC-MSC-MSCRNC-UE. MSC Server selects the coding according to the codec ability of UE and MGW
and informs MGW whether starting codec or not, according to the TrFO negotiation
result. TFO operation serves to increase the voice quality inside 3G system or between
3G and 2G, depending on the in-band negotiation establishment.
At the same time, the ZXWN MGW can act as IM-MGW, which facilitates the
interworking between IMS and CS.
For the IMS system, one MGCF/IM-MGW must be configured to serve as the
interworking gateway between the IMS network, and CS and PSTN networks. The IMMGW can be combined with the GMGW or set separately.
Figure 3
1.3
The location of ZXWN IM-MGW in the IMS network
Related Interfaces and Protocols of ZXWN MGW

The interfaces, protocols and functions of ZXWN MGW are listed in following table.
Table 1
Interfaces and protocols of ZXWN MGW
Internetworking
NE
Name of
the
interface
Protocol
Interface function
MGW-RNC
Iu-CS
ALCAP/Iu-UP
RNS user layer access, ATM based

fundamental bearing
MGW-MSC
Server
Mc
H.248/
SIGTRAN
Bear controlling protocol between MSC

Server and MGW
MGW-MGW
Nb
Nb-
Transmitting media stream between
Internetworking
NE
Name of
the
interface
Protocol
Interface function
UP/RTP/RTCP
MGWs with IP/ATM/TDM based

fundamental bearing
MGW-BSC
G.711/V.110
User layer interface between MGW

and BSC
MGWPSTN/ISDN
Ai
TUP/ISUP
Voice service dredge between PLMN

and PSTN
IM-MGW-MGCF
Mn
H.248/
SIGTRAN
Bear controlling protocol between

MGCF and IM-MGW
IM-MGW-MRFP
Mb
RTP/RTCP
User plane interface of the IMS

network
Highlight Features
2.1
Advanced Design
ZXWN system is designed in strict accordance with the 3GPP R5/R6 specifications,
compatible with the R4/R99, smoothly upgradeable to R7/R7, protecting users
investment.
System software is development in strict accordance with the software engineering
requirements on the basis of the top downward, hierarchical and modular design
concept, which makes the software easily maintainable and expansible.
Draw on the advantages of various mobile switching systems at home and abroad; the
hardware structure, software structure and the integrated equipment expertise live up to
the state of arts of peer products.
The hardware design adopts the internationally advanced very large integrated circuits
to reduce stand-alone components, improve the reliability and reduce the power
consumption.
The software adopts the hierarchical and modular structure, and works in the load
sharing mode. The load between modules is balanced dynamically, and the tasks are
taken over automatically.
All NEs of GSM, 3GPP R99, R4 and R5 are based on unified full IP software and
hardware platform, which reduces the system development and maintenance cost.
The ZXWN series are distributed processing platform, and can provide very high
expansibility. The whole system adopts the multi-level modular design to make the
whole system install easily and expand smoothly.
2.2
Large Capacity & High Integration Unified All-IP

Platform, Lower TCO
All CN products are based on All-IP unified hardware platform. Based on the advanced
hardware platform and technology, with the modular design, large capacity and high
integration are featured, which means less equipments, and corresponding lower
construction personnel & costs, maintenance personnel & costs, power consumption.
2.3
Common Elements for GSM, WCDMA and TDSCDMA

ZXWN system can support GSM, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA services and subscribers in
the same network elements. This ensures continuity for the existing GSM services. It
also facilitates an easy migration of the subscribers from GSM to WCDMA, as no
changes to network topology or network element configurations during the upgrades.
ZXWN system can support access of BSS and UTRAN network simultaneously. One
unified core network can reduce investment greatly with resource sharing:
2.4
Signaling process, call process, switch resources etc, can be shared to save
investment and ensure smooth evolution.
Soft capacity: during the evolution from 2G to 3G, either 2G or 3G user number may
increase suddenly. ZTE equipments can adjust the system resources automatically
to meet the 2G and 3G capacity. It can base on any 2G/3G service ratio. Therefore,
the evolution may become quite smooth.
Unified support and management system also can decrease investment.
Facility such as transmission and equipment room can be shared.
Open interface and Flexible Networking Capabilities

ZXWN series provide open and standard interfaces. It supports GSM, 3GPP R99, and
3GPP R4 networking and allows smooth upgrades and expansion.
ZXWN MGW supports IP, TDM, and ATM transport and can thus integrate into any of
the existing networks. A safe integration is also ensured by supporting the current
interfaces and signaling protocols towards the existing network elements.
It can be configured as (G) MGW, TMGW, IM-MGW, etc. and provides open interfaces.
2.5
Outstanding Reliability and Excellent Performance
Distributed processing design concept
The protocol processing units operate independently to ensure excellent general

performance. The failure of a unit will not affect other processing units.
The high-performance processor chips ensure high processing capabilities of the
system. Network processor, Centrino processor and high-performance embedded RISC
processor are used in the system to provide impetus and expansible communication
functions for the system, and prevent the processing capability from being a system
bottleneck.
Perfect redundancy design
Key components such as service processing unit, signaling processing unit, and
switching plane, adopt 1+1 active/standby hot backup mode, interface and user plane
processing units adopt N+M redundancy backup mode, which provide automatic
switching function and ensure system work without break.
Processing units adopt load sharing mode which can transfer load to other nodes
automatically when one node failure.
Control adopts dual-machine and dual-bus, network adopt dual-networking, further
improve system reliability.
Multi-level of overload control mechanism and alarm function further ensure high system
reliability.
Hot swappable for all boards for easy maintenance
ZTE All IP Unified Hardware Platform is adopted in all CN NEs of GSM, WCDMA, TDSCDMA, CDMA2000, NGN. There are advantages that these different CN products
share the same HW board:
2.6
Flexibly configure.
Quickly upgrade.
High reliability, easy maintenance.
Reduce CAPEX and OPEX.
Abundant Service Functions

The system can support telecom service, bearer service, supplementary service, SMS
service, mobile intelligent service, GPRS service, and location service.
The system design meets the future communication development trend, and meets the
general structure requirements of mobile telecommunications systems such as UMTS
and IN as well as the requirements of various new services.
The system provides services including automatic roaming, mobility management,
relocation, authentication, fault processing and O&M functions for mobile subscribers.
It provides the automatic telephone service and mobile data service between mobile
subscribers and PSTN subscribers, mobile subscribers and ISDN subscribers and
between mobile subscribers.
It provides supplementary services such as call forwarding, call barring, call completion,
number identification, call waiting, call holding, multi-party conversation, advice of
charge, closed user group, call deflection, explicit call transfer and so on.
It provides circuit related data services and supports multimedia services in compliance
with H.324M standards.
It provides CAMEL Phase1, 2, 3 or 4 services including pre-payment, virtual private
network and mobile bank, and supports 100% CAMEL subscribers.
2.7
Smooth Evolution/Expansion Capabilities

Smooth evolution with investment protection: since adopting the unified hardware,
hardware can be reserved when evolve from GSM/WCDMA to LTE. So hardware can be
shared and reused to protect hardware invests.
The system has hierarchical and modular structure and can be flexibly expanded and
applied. Flexible configuration is available for the user.
2.8
Convenient Operation Maintenance

C/S structure is adopted to ensure high networking capability and expandability of the
system.
With Windows operating system, the client provides user-friendly interfaces and flexible,
convenient and reliable operations.
It provides multiple remote and local system access ways. The O&M can be
implemented locally or remotely and can manage the whole system or some specific
entities.
It features reliable security and multi-level authorization protection.
With such functions as charging management, performance measurement, traffic
statistics, security management, service observation, user (equipment) tracing, signaling
tracing, data configuration, version upgrading, alarming, loading, data backup and
transmission, the system provides multiple accurate, reliable, practical and convenient
O&M approaches. Moreover, functions can be added according to the actual network
operation and the operators requirements.
The O&M system provides user-friendly interfaces, comprehensive functionality and
flexible networking capability to implement centralized management over all kinds of
network entities of GSM/WCDMA.
Functionality
3.1
Basic Function
3.1.1
Signaling Processing Function
3.1.1.1
Broadband SS7 processing function
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
SAAL, includes SSCOP, SSCF and LM parts, realizes broadband SS7 link-level
functions.
MTP3B, implements broadband SS7 message processing and routing, provides

message transmission for up layer users such as H.248 and ALCAP. The software
development follows software engineering design requirement strictly, it adopts topto-bottom, hierarchical and modularized design idea, allows the software easy for
maintenance and expansion.
IP SIGTRAN signal protocol processing function
SCTP, the scream control transmission protocol, is based on IP, provides

transmission for traditional SS7 in IP network.
M3UA provides support for network address translation and mapping, routing
keywords management, SCTP connection management, AS and ASP status
maintenance.
Supports signaling adaptation and conversion protocol for M2UA, M2PA and SUA,
supports various SGW networking methods.
H.248 protocol processing function
H.248 message and SDP encoding/decoding, transaction processing, and

command parsing.
MSC server registration maintains the valid connection between MGW and MSC
server.
Acts as the medium when convert commands between MGW and MSC Server,
receives and translates H.248 commands sent by MSC Server.
3.1.1.4
According to the response from MGW service layer, H.248 encapsulates command
message, and delivers to MSC server via SCTP or MTP3B.
Bearer control signaling processing function
ALCAP signaling, Q2150.1: STC locates between MTP3B and AAL2 signaling
entity, provides conversion and adaptation for AAL2 signaling transmission on
MTP3B. It reports transmission availability to AAL2 signaling entity, implements
congestion control, and transmits AAL2 signaling message transparently;
Q2630.1/Q2630.2(AAL2 signaling): When ATM is the bearer, BICC bearer control
protocol controls AAL2 connection setup, release, and operates AAL2 resource.
IPBCP (Q.1970) is used to bear media flow attributes, IP address, RTP/RTCP port
number, IP bearer setup and modification on both sides, adopt SDP encoding
method.
BCTP (Q.1990) is used to provide tunnel for transmitting IPBCP on Mc interface via
H.248, and provide tunnel for transmitting IPBCP on Nc interface via BICC protocol.
3.1.2
User Plane Processing Function
3.1.2.1
Transmission network layer processing function
3.1.2.2
Fulfills Iu and Nb interfaces user plane data access, the transmission access
function is realized by interface processing board.
When the transmission bearer is ATM, fulfills AAL2 SAR termination, provides
mapping for UP layer interface and mapping from VPI/VCI/CID to UP processing
board and instance.
When the transmission bearer is IP, fulfills RTP/RTCP/UDP/IP termination, and

provides mapping for UP layer interface and mapping from IP address/UDP port
number to UP processing board and instance.
Radio network layer processing function
Radio network layer user plane includes IuUP and NbUP processing, two operation
modes should be provided: transparent mode, and support mode with predefined
SDU length.
For circuit type bearer data service, the UP layer adopts transparent mode.
For voice service, the UP layer adopts support mode with predefined SDU length,
provides following functions: frame processing, user data framing, de-framing,
frame head CRC verify, processing control, initialization speed control,

synchronization, error transaction processing, special functions for non-access layer
data flow: net load CRC verification, frame quality classification, interactive with up
layer data.
3.1.2.3
User plane application processing function
AMR voice encoding/decoding: realizes conversion between the AMR voice frame
on RNC and the G.711 encoding. According to mode indication and mode request
of AMR frame, realizes encoding/decoding in 8 speed types, supports in VAD.
Circuit type data service function:
Supports transparent synchronization/asynchronization mode with speed lower

than 64kbps: including 28.8 kbps, 56 kbps, 64 kbps.
supports non-transparent synchronization/asynchronization access with speed

rate lower than 64kbps: including 0.3kbps, 1.2kbps, 2.4 kbps, 4.8 kbps, 9.6
kbps, 14.4 kbps, 28.8 kbps; 3)supports multimedia service: supports
multimedia calling service by using transparent method, with speed rate in
28.8kbps, 32kbps, 33.6kbps, 56kpbs, 64kbps.
TFO and TrFO functions: TFO is used to enhance voice quality when
communicates inside 3G system or between 3G and 2G systems, established by inband negotiation; TrFO is used for communicates inside a 3G system. When TrFOs
out-of-band negotiation is succeeded, user plane data will be sent to Iu/NbUP from
IuUP, according to control plane indications, other than pass through AMR.
Echo cancellation function: if a fixed PSTN phone makes a call to a mobile phone,
the voice from the mobile phone will have long delay one fixed phone side due to
encoding compression, de-compression and de-coding. Add an echo canceller card
at the connection between MGW and PSTN.
3.2
Service and Functions
3.2.1
IPV6
IPV6 is considered the next generation internet protocol, for the shortage of IPV4
address. And 3GPP has chosen IPV6 as one of basic functions of R5 IMS. Core network
need to support IPV6 to interconnect with IPV6 IP bearing network in the transport
plane.
Supporting IPV6 will bring network operators more convenience to construct network
with IPV6 in the near future such as abundance IP address resource, better security and
so on
10
Basic functions of IPV6 such as IPV6 formatting, ICMPv6, IPV6 Socket an so on are
supported;
IPV6 route protocols as IGP, RIPng, OSPFv3, ISISv6 are supported.
IPV6 application layer protocols as IPV6 ACL are supported.
Evolution schemes from IPV4 to IPV6, including dual stack, tunneling, address
translation are supported.
3.2.2
MPLS
MPLS is a new technology for package transport in backbone network. In MPLS, the
assignment of a particular packet to a particular FEC as a "label" is done just once, as
the packet enters the network. When a packet is forwarded to its next hop, the label is
sent along with it; no further header analysis is done by subsequent routers; all
forwarding is driven by the labels. This has a number of advantages over conventional
network layer forwarding.
MPLS forwarding can be done by label lookup and replacement only, which is much
simpler than analyzing the network layer headers, MPLS is also able to force a packet to
follow a particular route before the time the packet enters the network, as support of
traffic engineering. With MPLS, core network elements are able to cooperator more
smoothly with IP network MPLS function and can bring fast reroute and adjust service
traffic in IP bearing network expediently.
3.2.3
MPLS LER functions specified mainly in RFC 3031, RFC 3032 are supported.
MPLS VPN specified mainly in RFC2547 is supported.
MPLS TE specified mainly in RFC2702 is supported.
AMR-WB
Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband Codec Types provide higher voice quality and need more
bandwidth. AMR-WB includes four types: FR AMR-WB, UMTS AMR-WB, OFR AMRWB, OHR AMR-WB.
AMR-WB provides higher voice quality.
FR AMR-WB is used in GERAN-GMSK. OFR AMR-WB and OHR AMR-WB are used in
GERAN-8PSK. UMTS AMR-WB is used in UTRAN.
Table 2
Coding of the codec types AMR-WB
Bit 8Bit 1
CoID
Codec_Type
Name
0000.1001
Full Rate Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband
FR AMR-WB
0000.1010
UMTS Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband
UMTS AMR-WB
0000.1100
8PSK Full Rate Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband
OFR AMR-WB
11
0000.1101
8PSK Half Rate Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband
OHR AMR-WB
All members of the AMR-WB Codec Type family are compatible, when both codec types
use compatible multi-mode ACSs.
Table 3
Compatibility of AMR-WB Codec Types
distant local
FR_AMR-WB
UMTS_AMRWB
OFR_AMR-WB
OHR_AMRWB
FR_AMR-WB
compatible
compatible
compatible
compatible
UMTS_AMRWB
compatible
compatible
compatible
compatible
OFR_AMR-WB
compatible
compatible
compatible
compatible
OHR_AMR-WB
compatible
compatible
compatible
compatible
The AMR-WB Codec Types can be used in conversational speech telephony services in
a number of different configurations. The set of allowed configurations is defined in
following table.
Table 4
Allowed Configurations for AMR-WB Types
Configuration (Config-WBCode) Codec

Mode
23,85
15,85
12,65
8,85
6,60
OM
FR_AMR-WB,
OHR_AMR-WB
OFR_AMR-WB,
UMTS_AMRWB
The 1 in the table indicates that the Codec Mode is included in the Active Codec Set of
the Configuration.
The parameters OM (Optimization Mode) define whether the indicated Configuration
can be changed to any of the other Allowed ones (OM == A) or if the change is
Forbidden (OM == F).
The Y in the table indicates which Configuration is defined for which Codec Type.
12
3.2.4
BFD
The Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) protocol is a simple hello mechanism that
detects failures in a network. The failure detection timers for BFD have short time limits,
providing faster detection.
BFD can help decrease the time of failure detection in IP network to ms grade.
Operators can use BFD to increase network availability to satisfy the transport
requirements of real time service.
MGW supports BFD both with static route and dynamic route, and BFD can run in
physical port and kinds of logical link such as virtual connection, VLAN, and GRE tunnel;
it can also run with multi-next-hop route. The BFD protocol packets send timer can be
configured and can detect path failure in 50 ms.
3.2.5
MSC Pool Function

MGW can provide NNSF and virtual MGW function, do not need BSC alteration.
Support multi-capability of BSC and meet the requirements of smooth evolution for
wireless network.
MGW agent enables that existing BSCs can support pooling and has no function
change.
3.2.6
Iu-CS/A over IP
There are two options for the transport layer for data streams over Iu-CS:
ATM based transport (ATM transport option).
IP based transport (IP transport option).
There are two options for the transport layer for data streams over A:
TDM based transport.
IP based transport (IP transport option).
The advantages of the Iu-CS/A over IP are described as following:
The operator can deploy all IP network.
Because the IP bearer is easily managed, so Iu-CS/A over IP can reduce the
OPEX.
13
System Architecture
4.1
Product Physical Structure

ZXWN MGW cabinet adopts international standard 19-inch cabinet. Each cabinet
consists of the power distribution plug-in boxes, fan plug-in boxes, 8U standard plug-in
boxes, cabling plug-in boxes from the top down. The service cabinet adopts 19-inch
B6080-20B cabinet with 42U maximum internal space, in which the power distribution
subrack, fan subrack, service subrack, air deflector and dustproof subrack are required
to be installed. A single cabinet can have the full configurations of three service subracks
(without air deflectors). The cabinet internal appearance and layout with the full
configuration of 3 service subracks are shown in the following figure.
Figure 4
14
ZXWN MGW cabinet appearance and internal layout
4.2
Hardware Architecture
4.2.1
The hardware structure of 3G unified platform

Based on Unified Hardware Platform, Possessing High Stability and Maturity
All NGN-oriented network equipments (WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA) are
based on ZTE ALL-IP unified hardware platform, which guarantees the consistency,
service portability, system reliability and stability of the hardware for all 3G systems.
The Structure of ZTE 3G unified platform is shown in the following figure.
Figure 5
The Structure of ZTE All IP Unified Platform
Large Capacity, High Integration and Investment Saving
With the development of network, the construction of core network shows a tendency of
high capacity, low office room. ZXWN equipments accord with trend and thus save the
investment of network construction for operator. So ZXWN CN equipment needs lower
equipment room area and power supply system.
All CN Nodes Sharing Racks and Boards
All CN Nodes can share the same racks and the same physical boards, including the
MGW, MSC Server, HLR, SGSN, GGSN and also RNC. The same board can be
inserted in any of the equipment to save operators investment to the utmost.
ZTE unified All-IP platform provides four backplanes: BCSN (Backplane of Circuit Switch
Network), BCTC (Backplane of Control Center), BPSN (Backplane of Packet Switch
15
Network), BUSN (Backplane of Universal Switch Network) in all. All network nodes
configure different Backplanes according to function and network architecture.
ZTE unified All-IP platform provides the same physical boards in all for all CN nodes,
e.g. MGW, MSC Server, HLR, SGSN, GGSN and also RNC. All CN nodes configure
different physical boards according to function and network interfaces.
All-IP Hardware Platform, Easy Migration to All-IP Network
ZXWN united All-IP hardware platform are based on all-IP architecture, adopts highperformance packet processing platform of Crossbar technology and provides 320Gbps
switching capability, which guarantee that WCDMA nodes will have no congestion of
switching capability. Additionally, the hardware platform provides 256K*256K TDM and
320G IP switching capability, also provides TDM/IP/ATM interfaces meeting the
requirements of TDM /IP/ATM interconnection and flexible networking.
Abundant Interfaces and Supporting Various Networking Scenarios
ZXWN CN equipment support the access interfaces such as TDM E1, SDH STM-1, IMA
E1, ATM STM-1, FE, GE and more. ZXWN CN products support various applications,
such as 2G MSC, 2G GMSC, 2G&3G VMSC, 2G&3G GMSC or other according to
function of CN nodes.
Supporting 2G/3G access, as well as handover and roaming between 2G and 3G

systems
ZTE CN equipment supports GSM and GPRS access, intra-MSC, intra-SGSN, interMSC (2G-MSC and 3G-MSC), inter-SGSN (2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN) handover and
roaming. Various tests results of ZTEs handover process between 2G and 3G systems
demonstrated it to be among the best in industry.
4.2.2
ZXWN MGW Hardware Structure

ZXWN MGW hardware system structure is shown in following figure.
According to logic function, ZXWN MGW is differentiated as: Packet Switching Unit,
TDM Switching Unit, Media Plane Processing Unit, Control Plane Processing Unit, and
Interface Unit (TDM/IP/ATM Access).
Packet Switching Unit
The Packet switching of the media plane also falls into two levels.
Level 1 is separately configured with a BPSN shelf comprised of PSN, GLI board which
is called IP switching network.
Level 2 is composed of the 24 + 2 media plane Ethernet switching on the UIM board
configured with a BUSN shelf, and connects with the IP switching network through the
Gigabit Ethernet. The Level 2 switching network can independently complete the packet
switching inside the resource shelf (BUSN). But the inter-shelf packet switching should
be completed through the IP switching network.
16
TDM Switching Unit
The TDM Switching Unit falls into two levels.

The Level1 circuit switch is the large-capacity circuit switching subsystem separately
configured with a shelf (BCSN) for interconnects different board signals.
The large-capacity circuit switching subsystem is consists of the following boards:
TFI: Provides the optical interface for the large-capacity circuit switching subsystem, to
connect the corresponding Level 2 resource subsystem.
TSNB: Provides the 128K/256K circuit switching for the system. The circuit data are
transmitted to the fiber interface board TFI inside the local shelf through the backplane of
the 576M LVDS.
CLKG: Provides the output clock for the entire system, and can implement Stratum 2
clock or Stratum 3 clock by changing the constant-temperature trough crystal oscillator
and through the software.
The Level 2 circuit switch is located on the UIM board of the resource shelf (BUSN).
When the system needs to configure the Level 1 circuit switch, the Level 2 circuit switch
should not be configured. When the small-capacity office is not configured with the Level
1 circuit switch, the Level 2 circuit switch can implement the intra-shelf switching.
Media Plane Processing Unit
Media Plane Processing unit is the service processing part of MGW: including
transcoding located on the VTC board, Media Resource(Conference Call, Tone, DTMF,
MFC, etc.) located on the MRB board, IWF(T.30, V.90/V.34, etc.), Echo Cancellation
located on the DTEC board (optional).
Control Plane Processing Unit
The Control Plane processing Unit contains the signaling processing board and diverse
main control boards. It transits and processes the control plane media stream, and
makes the distributed processing platform in the multi-shelf equipment. Signals of the
Control Plane Processing subsystem include control flow Ethernet, clock and other
controlling signals. The centralized signaling processing subsystem consists of the
following boards:
CHUB: Connects the control plane Ethernet flows of the centralized signaling
processing subsystem and all resource shelves. Each resource shelf has two
FE Ethernet interfaces connected with the CHUB. Inside a control resource
shelf, the CHUB connects with the UIM of the resource shelf through the GE
interface. The CHUB provides 46 FE Ethernet interfaces and one GE optical
interface to the outside.
MPB: Mainly performs such functions as signaling MP (SMP), call control MP

(CMP), resource MP (RSMP) and OMP. In addition, it processes the
broadband and narrowband signaling sent by the interface board, including
signaling from MTP3 sub-layer to H.248 and ALCAP sub-layer. The MPB is
also a distributed database, and can implement such functions as SNMP,
Telnet, alarm, policy API, system-level traffic manager and dynamic adjustment
of the MP load balance.
17
SPB: SPB is provided with 1 to 16E1s to SS7 interface. The SPB mainly
processes the HDLC of the multi-channel No.7 signaling and layers below the
MTP2.
The Control Plane processing Unit is configured with the Control shelf (BCTC): Provides
interconnection for the control plane Ethernet flows of resource shelf boards and
switching shelf boards. The backplane of the BCTC can bear such service boards as
CHUB, UIM and MPB, and provides GE and FE interconnection for these boards.
Interface Unit (TDM/IP/ATM Access)
Interface Unit is included of TDM trunk interface Unit, IP interface Unit, ATM interface
Unit.
TDM trunk Interface Part: It is comprised of DTB/DTEC, SDTB required to

access to TDM Network. DTB/DTEC provides 32-channel E1/T1 physical
interfaces, implements the Echo Cancellation (EC) function by installing the EC
daughter card, and supports inter-office transparent transmission in Channel
Associated Signaling (CAS) and Common Channel Signaling (CCS) modes. In
addition, it extracts an 8K synchronous clock from the line and transmits the
clock to the clock board through a cable as a clock reference. SDTB provides
the standard optical trunk interface, the STM-1. It can process the CAS and
CCS. Each board has the processing capability of 63E1s or 84T1s. When the
SDTB is connected with the PSTN, you can insert the EC daughter card to
provide the EC function.
IP Interface Unit: It is comprised of IPI board for external IP interface of media

plane and SIPI board for external interface of IP signaling. The IPI board and
SIPI board are the same physical board but are loaded with different software
to accomplish Media and signaling interface functions.
ATM Interface Unit: It is comprised of APBE board and IMA board. APBE
provides two 155 Mbps ATM optical interfaces, implements SAR of the 155
Mbps ATM AAL2 and AAL5, performs IP mapping for media stream payloads
after the SAR processing and then forwards them through four FEs. IMAB
provides the 63-E1 IMA access function, implements the SAR of the 155 Mbps
ATM AAL2 and AAL5, performs IP mapping for media stream payloads after
the SAR processing and then forwards them through four FEs.
The interface Unit is configured in BUSN&BGSN shelf.

Figure 6
18
Hardware system structure of ZXWN MGW
4.3
Software Architecture
ZXWN MGW is a distributed processing network. The system is designed in a modular
and layered principle. Invoking between layers is unidirectional in the primitive mode;
while invoking between the modules of the same layer is in the message interface mode,
requiring independent modules and universe inter-module interfaces. Following the
same principle, ZXWN MGW software is composed of a series of functional subsystems.
The subsystems are independent of each other, and communicate with each other with
the messages. Each subsystem can further be divided into multiple functional modules.
4.3.1
Software Environment
Different software modules of ZXWN MGW run in different environments. Roughly, they
are classified into 3 categories:
For the boards on the foreground rack: the hardware is a high performance
processor or an embedded CPU, the software is an embedded real-time operating
system, and network processor and DSP are adopted to process the media plane.
For the background configuration and maintenance server: the hardware is the
commercial Windows 2000 server or SUN UNIX Solaris server, and the software is
the Windows 2000 operating system or SUN UNIX Solaris operating system. The
database can be an MS SQL Server, Oracle or other commercial database
products.
19
4.3.2
For the background configuration and maintenance client: the hardware is a PC and
the software is a Windows2003 operating system.
Software Structure
ZXWN MGW software system is composed of the O&M subsystem, system control
subsystem, database management subsystem, signaling processing subsystem, user
plane management subsystem, Bearer subsystem, microcode management subsystem,
PP board subsystem, OS subsystem, BSP driver subsystem. The system hierarchy is
shown in following figure.
Figure 7
System software hierarchy ZXWN MGW
O&M subsystem
System
control
subsystem
Database
management
Subsystem
User plane
management
subsystem
Signalling processing
subsystem
Bearer
subsystem
Microcode
management
subsystem
PP board
subsystem
OS subsystem
BSP driver subsystem
Hardware platform
The functions and interrelationships between the software subsystems are described
below:
The BSP subsystem
The BSP subsystem provides bootstrap and driver to the whole systems hardware. It
has the following three functions in details: Boot, minimum CPU system and hardware
device drivers.
In order to make the software subsystems above the OS independent of the hardware,
the BSP subsystem should screen the hardwares operation details from the above
software modules, abstract the hardware functionality and only provides logical
functionality layer to the software modules. It provides a unified packaged function
interface to the above software subsystems, mainly the virtual operation system, and
screens the unnecessary parameters from the above software subsystems. Moreover,
the BSP subsystem supports online and offline testing of the boards and provide
necessary interfaces.
20
The OS subsystem
The OS subsystem runs above the BSP subsystem and below all other software
subsystems. It screens all device driver interfaces from the user processes and provides
process scheduling, timer, memory management, file system management functions
based on a single processor and inter-process communication service based on multiple
processors.
The database management subsystem
The database management subsystem runs on the OS. It performs the management to
the physical resources of ZXWN MGW NEs, the configuration data of service, signaling
and protocol, and provides database access interface to the other subsystems. The
database is relation database and composed of foreground and background database.
The bearer subsystem
The bearer subsystem works above the OS and database subsystem, and provides
ATM, IP and TDM bearer services for the service subsystem, signaling subsystem, OAM
and NM subsystem. The TCP/IP protocol stack provides the application with two sets of
interfaces: Call back function interface of the Epilogue protocol stack and BSD socket
interface.
On one hand, the bearer subsystem manages the external IP and ATM interfaces of the
NE, and provides services for the IP packet and ATM cell communication between NEs.
On the other hand, based on database configuration data, it manages the interface for
internal user plane communications and provides services for user plane IP packet
communications between boards inside the NE. The external ATM interface only
supports the PVC, and does not support the SVC. The hardware chip (such as APC) on
the interface board processes the ATM OAM cell. The ATM VC in the hardware chip
processes the OAM cells generated by the software.
The micro-code subsystem
The micro-code subsystem is the extension of the bearer subsystem and has similar
functionality with the bearer subsystem. It runs on the micro engine of the network
processor and is independent of the OS. It provides interface to the bearer subsystem
and the user plane subsystem. It ensures the high performance and mighty processing
capacity of MGW.
The signaling subsystem
The signaling subsystem works above the OS, database subsystem and bearer
subsystem, implements narrowband No.7 signaling, broadband No.7 signaling, call
signaling, IP SIGTRAN signaling and gateway control signaling, and provides services
for the service processing subsystem. For link layer protocols of the broadband and
narrowband No.7 signaling, the MTP2, SSCOP and SSCF are processed on the
signaling interface board. The signaling processing board supports the active-standby
backup. The link layer of the signaling implements the link level load sharing. If the
capacity of the system is large, the load sharing of multiple signaling processing boards
is supported. The narrowband No.7 signaling supports the 64 Kbps, 2Mbps and n*64
Kbps signaling links. It supports multiple signaling points on different signaling networks.
The system control subsystem
21
The system control subsystem runs above the OS and the database subsystem. It is
responsible for monitoring, starting, downloading the version.
The system control subsystem also provides the function of monitoring process
implementing time, the process of monitoring is taken on by the mission of top priority.
The O&M subsystem
The O&M subsystem runs above the OS, the database subsystem and the bearer
subsystem. Through the O&M subsystem, O&M operators can implement configuration,
analysis, charging, diagnosing and testing operation to the running equipments, and
acquires the alarming and statistics data of the equipment. The O&M subsystem is
divided into foreground and background parts. The foreground part runs on the boards
as part of the embedded system. The background part runs on high performance
servers. The communication between the foreground and the background is TCP/IP.
The PP board subsystem
The PP board subsystem refers to the software system on the main peripheral boards of
ZXMN MGW. It has the following six functions from the view of system function:
Managing digital trunk interface
Processing call connection of the switching network
Managing signal tone, signal receiver and register
Providing packet switching function between control plane and media plane on
system resource frame level
Providing system clock and the corresponding management function
Providing system environment monitoring and power management functions
The user plane subsystem
The user plane subsystem implements the bearer access of subscriber data, frame
protocol processing, voice data coding/decoding and circuit bearer data services for
MGW.
Technical Specifications
5.1
Physical Indices
5.1.1
Mechanical Dimension
Outline dimension:
2000mm*648mm*800mm (Height * Width * Depth)
22
The width does not include the side door size. Each side door is 25 mm wide.
The internal height is 42U and the internal width is 19 inches.
5.1.2
Weight
260 kg (when 3 shelves for one single rack, and fully configured)
Ground weight bearing: > 450 kg/m2
5.1.3
Color
The main body of the cabinet is blue and both sides of the door plate are made of bright
silver materials.
5.2
Capacity
Typical capacity figures of ZXWN MGW are shown in following table.
Table 5
Typical capacity indices of ZXWN MGW
Technical Features
Parameter
Specific Figures
TDM MGW
TDM Trunks: 211.68k
IP/TDM MGW
TDM Trunks: 86.8k

Equivalent IP Trunks: 120k
ATM/IP MGW
Equivalent ATM Trunks:

216k
IP/IP MGW
TDM MGW
74 K Erl
IP/TDM MGW
86.4 K Erl
ATM/IP MGW
216 K Erl
IP/IP MGW
216 K Erl
IP switching capacity
320 Gbps
TDM switching capacity
256K 256 K
Maximum of 64 Kbps links
4096
Maximum of 2 Mbps links
256
Maximum of SCTP links
2048
TDM MGW
7168 E1 or 112 STM-1

SDH
TDM/IP MGW
3968 E1 or 60 STM-1 SDH,

96 FE or 24 GE
ATM/IP MGW
192 ATM STM-1,
Trunk capacity indices
Erlang
Switching capacity
Signaling indices
Interface indices
23
192FE or 48GE
IP/IP MGW
384 FE or 96 GE
Reference traffic models of ZXWN MGW are shown in following table.

Table 6
5.3
Reference Traffic Models of ZXWN MGW
Parameter
Specific Figures
Busy hour average traffic of mobile

subscribers
0.025 Erl
Busy hour calling amount
1.5 times/subscriber
Busy hour average traffic of trunk
0.8 Erl
Busy hour average calling amount of trunk
42/busy hour/incoming call circuit
Performance
ZXWN MGWs performance is shown in Table 7 as following:
Table 7
ZXWN MGWs Performance
Type
Clock synchronous
performance
Time synchronous
performance
24
Parameter
Specific Figures
Clock grade
Grade 2 clock A
Clock synchronous mode
External clock
synchronous,
extract from
service bit stream,
Internal clock
Clock synchronous
interface
GPS clock
2MBITS
2MHz
8K
Minimum clock accuracy
410-7
Pull-in scope
410-7
maximum frequency deviation
10-9/day
maximum initial frequency deviation
510-10
Clock mode
Snap, tracking,
hold-over, free-run
protocol
NTP/SNTP
Time synchronous precision
100ms
Time synchronous interface
FE
interface number
Primary ticket time
0.1s
Primary ticket accounting time error
<1s
Type
Parameter
Specific Figures
Minimum time interval of Intermediate

ticket output
15m
Maximum supported BSC number
256
Maximum supported RNC number
256
Maximum rack number
Maximum supported multiparty number
120parties
Maximum supported multiparty meeting

Voice type
Playback delayms
6 parties,80 lines
5
400ms
5.4
Power
5.4.1
Power Supply Range

ZXWN MGW requires a rated working voltage of -48V, the output wave to be less than
200 mV and the weighted noise to be less than 2mV. The working voltage of ZXWN
MGW is in rage from -57V to -40V. Within this voltage range, the equipment can run
appropriately.
5.4.2
Power Consumption
The maximum power consumption requirements of all shelves of ZXWN MGW are:
5.5
BPSN shelf: 800W.
BCTC shelf: 550W.
BCSN shelf: 400W.
BUSN/BGSN shelf: 600W.
Transmission
Supported cable types of ZXWN MGW are shown in following table.
Table 8
Cable Types of ZXWN MGW
Interface Type
Physical Standard
Type of Cables
Mc
100 Mbps Ethernet
Category-5 twisted pair
Nb
100 Mbps Ethernet
Category-5 twisted pair
25
IuCS
155 Mbps ATM optical interface
Fiber jumper LC/PC-LC/PC
E1
Coaxial cable
Ai
E1
Coaxial cable
5.6
Working Environment
5.6.1
Temperature and humidity requirements

The following table shows the temperature and humidity requirements of ZXWN MGW.
Table 9
Temperature and humidity requirements of ZXWN MGW
Temperature
Relative Humidity
Equipment
Type
Long-term
Working
Condition
Short-term
Working
Condition
Long-term
Working
Condition
Short-term
Working
Condition
ZXWN MGW
+5~+40
-5~+50
5% ~ 85%
5% ~ 90%
Note 1: The temperature and humidity of the operating environment inside the
equipment room are measured at the spot that is 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in
front of the rack when there is no protective plate in front or back of the equipment rack.
Note 2: The short-term working condition means that the continuous operation period is
no more than 96 hours and the accumulated operation period in a year is no more than
15 days.
5.6.2
Cleanness Requirements
In case that the diameter of the dust particle is greater than 5 m, the concentration
should be 3*104 particles/m3.
5.6.3
Air Pollution Requirements

The equipment room should be free of explosive, conductive, magnetic-conductive or
corrosive dust. In addition, there should be no corrosive metal or gases that are
detrimental to the insulation in the equipment room.
5.7
Reliability
Based on the reliability theory, the reliability value of a fully maintainable system can be
equated in Markov process when the failure rate and the recovery rate are constant.
Reliability indices of ZXWN MGW are shown in following table.
26
Table 10
Reliability Figures of ZXWN MGW
Parameter
Specific Indices
Basic failure rate (min)
0.0000079/hour
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
126000 hours
Mean Time To Recovery (MTTR)
< 30 minutes
System availability (A)
> 99.9996%
Average interruption duration per year
< 3 minutes
27
Operation and Maintenance

The network management system comprises operation & maintenance (OMC)
management parts. It provides perfect authentication mechanism to avoid illegal access.
The OMC comprises the O&M server and O&M terminal. The NM structure of the
system is as shown in following figure.
The OMC is powerful in management. It provides centralized control of different kinds of
NEs in GSM/WCDMA with powerful networking capability. It also provides the cascading
control and the reverse operation. It implements remote access by accessing WAN via
routers. Q3 NM interface standard provides powerful interface control for NM centers,
and integrates graphic interface and command line processing methods in it.
Figure 8
O&M system structure of ZXWN MGW
Billing center
CG1
Disk array
CG2
Redirected CG group
Charging
operation server
FTAM/FTP
GPRS/WCDMA NE group 1
LAN
Up-level NM center
Router
Printer
OMC server
CG1
Operation client
Disk array
CG2
Internet
Redirected CG group
Router
GPRS/WCDMA NE group 2
LAN
Operation client
Printer
Remote client
In software structure, the Network Management system (NMS) consists of the

foreground module, server-side module and client-side module. The whole software
frame complies with TMN (telecommunication network management) structure.
28
Functionally, the NM system comprises the following modules: Configuration

management, performance management, fault management, diagnosis and test, service
observation, signaling tracing, security variable management.
6.1
Configuration Management System

The configuration management system employs user-friendly interfaces for the
configuration and management of network resources. The configuration management
system provides centralized configuration and management of the different kinds of NEs
in GSM/WCDMA, like the configuration and management of physical equipment,
exchange, and signaling, as well as tools for data transmission, data backup and
recovery, and system initial configuration.
Before data configuration, to guarantee correct installation and normal running of the
version, it is necessary to confirm the following data:
6.2
The entity type of the local exchange.
The rack configuration of the local exchange.
The configuration data of the neighboring offices of the local exchange: the type,
signaling point and associated mode (associated or quasi-associated) of each
neighboring office, as well as signaling link coding and PCM coding agreement
between the neighboring offices.
Fault Management System

The fault management system is made up of two parts: Real-time display of current
alarms and alarm-related operation. Current alarms of the device, communication,
service and processor are displayed through interfaces to catch attention. Real-time
display provides in list details about each alarm: alarm source, alarm level, alarm time,
alarm content, alarm cause, alarm type, and additional information.
6.3
Performance Management System

The performance management system provides statistic data about some performance
parameters and traffic data of the mobile system for reference by operation departments.
The maintenance terminal can define performance measurement tasks flexibly. A
performance measurement task includes the start/end time, duration in days,
measurement object set and granularity period. The maintenance terminal allows you to
create, delete, modify and observe in real time the performance measurement tasks.
The performance measurement has a wide scope of content, ranging from traffic and
signaling performances, service quality measurement, network configuration verification,
availability measurement, throughput measurement and switching function
measurement.
29
6.4
Diagnosis Test System

The diagnosis test system, a part of fault management, provides routine test and instant
test for the CS domain and PS domain devices of the core network, to ensure normal
and stable operation of the entire system. In daily maintenance, the diagnosis test
system tests the physical devices and communication links through routine test. If the
test result is likely to be abnormal, the system can raise the engineering personnels
attention to take proper measures to prevent fault from taking place. In case of any fault,
the diagnosis test system helps the engineering personnel find the fault cause and
locate the fault precisely through the instant test so as to remove the fault as soon as
possible. After the fault is eliminated, this system can also help the engineering
personnel to judge whether the equipment and the entire system resumes normal
operation.
ZXWN MGW system adopts a multi-module & fully distributed control structure. Each
module consists of a series of basic units. The diagnosis test function includes intramodule test and inter-module test. The intra-module test is used to test the functions of
the component units of the module, links between the units and MPs, voice channels
between units and switching networks; the inter-module test is used to test the
communication and voice channels between the adjacent modules.
6.5
Signaling Trace System

The signaling trace system is used to trace the signaling data of the network operation
and analyze the service operation. It comprises No.7 signaling trace, circuit domain
signaling trace and packet domain signaling trace.
ZXWN MGW signaling trace covers:
6.6
Tracing in real time and displaying ALCAP and MTP3B signaling at Iu-CS interface
and H.248 signaling at Mc interface.
Showing explanation for the signaling display.
Providing daily maintenance tools for data maintenance, including sorting, filtering,
searching and deleting the database records.
Providing database table reestablishing tools when installing the database table for
the first time or when the database table is damaged.
Creating a new database table.
Service Observation System

The service observation system, a part of the O&M system, is used to check the NEs
service operation status for analysis and processing in accordance.
It includes: MSC server service observation, MGW service observation, RANAP service
observation, VLR service observation, release of falsely occupied data area, TM service
30
observation, service failure observation, HLR service observation, subscriber service

observation, GSNMAP service observation, SGSN service observation and GGSN
service observation.
In a single MGW system, MSC server, GGSN, SGSN, HLR, TM, GSNMAP service
observation will not work.
6.7
Variable Management System

The security variable system maintains the service parameters that require dynamic
modification.
The security variable function: Modifying data in the background and transferring them to
synchronize with the foreground, to achieve flexible service parameter configuration.
The security variable system configures the following parameters:
System control parameters.
Security parameters.
Iu interface parameters.
Circuit domain NE configuration parameters.
31
Acronyms and Abbreviations
32
Abbreviations
Full Characteristics
GSM
Global System for Mobile communications
EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
CN
Core Network
GERAN
GSM Edge Radio Access Network
UTRAN
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
MS/UE
Mobile Station/User Equipment
BSC
Base Station Controller
RNC
Radio Network Controller
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
CDMA2000
Code Division Multiple Access 2000
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
eEDGE
Enhanced EDGE
GE
Gigabit Ethernet
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
CAPEX
Capital Expenditure
OPEX
Operation Expenditure
LTE
Long Term Evolution
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
DTX
Discontinuous transmission
FR
Full Rate
EFR
Enhanced Full Rate
HR
Half Rate
AMR
Adaptive Multi Rate
CS
Circuit Switch
PS
Packet Switch
R99
WCDMA Release 99
R4
WCDMA Release 4
R5
WCDMA Release 5
Abbreviations
Full Characteristics
R6
WCDMA Release 6
R7
WCDMA Release 7
PTP
Point to Point
PTM
Point to Multi-point
PM
Power Module
FAM
FAN Module
BITS
Building Integrated Timing Supply
3GPP
3rd Generation Partnership Project
OSS
Operation Support Sub-system
VxWorks
Winder River provided OS
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR
Mean Time To Recovery
NM
NetNumen
CORBA
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
NMS
Network Management System
33

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