Académique Documents
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 898-1
(EXTRACT)
MECHANICAL
The following prescriptions conform to the contents of ISO 898/1, and apply to bolts and screws: With coarse pitch thread M3 to M30, and fine pitch thread from M8x1 to M30x2. With triangular ISO thread in accordance with ISO 68-1. With diameter/pitch combinations in accordance with ISO 261 and ISO 262
With thread tolerance in accordance with ISO 965-1 and ISO 965-2. Made of carbon steel or alloy steel. It does not specify requirements for such properties as: Ability to withstand temperature above +300C, or below 50C.
0.035 0.035 0.003 0.035 0.035 0.003 0.035 0.035 0.003 0.035 0.035 0.003
10.9 12.9
3) 3) 5)
1) Boron content can reach 0.005% provided that non-effective boron is controlled by addition of titanium and/or aluminium. 2) In case of plain carbon boron steel with a carbon content below 0.25% (ladle analysis), the minimum manganese content shall be 0.6% for property class 8.8 and 0.7% for property class 10.9. 3) For the materials of these property classes, it is intended that there should be a sufficient hardenability to ensure a structure consisting of approximately 90% martensite in the core of the threaded sections for the fasteners in the as-hardened condition before tempering.
4) This alloy steel shall contain at least one of the following elements in the minimum quantity given: chromium 0.30%, nickel 0.30%, molybdenum 0.20%, vanadium 0.10%. Where elements are specified in combinations of two, three or four and have alloy contents less than those given above, the limit value to be applied for class determination is 70% of the sum of the individual limit values shown above for the two, three or four elements concerned. 5) A metallographically detectable white phosphorous enriched layer is not permitted for property class 12.9.
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EN ISO 898-1 (EXTRACT)
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical properties Thread Diameter Minimum tensile strength Rm N/mm2 Vickers hardness HV F98N Surface hardness HV 0.3 Lower yield stress ReL N/mm2 Stress at 0.2% non proportional elongation Rp0.2 N/mm2 Stress under proof load Sp Breaking torque MB Elongation after fracture, A Reduction of area after fracture, Z Minimum height of non-decarburized thread zone, E Maximum depth of complete decarburization, G Hardness after retempering Surface integrity min. min. max. max. min. Property class 4.8 420 130 220 340 6.8 600 190 250 480 8.8 d 16mm d > 16mm 1) 1) 800 250 320 830 255 335 2) 10.9 1040 320 380 12.9 1220 385 435
310 -
440 -
640 580
1100 970
12 52
8 44
1/2 H1
1/2 H1
2/3 H1
3/4 H1
mm.
0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 Reduction of hardness 20HV maximum In accordance with ISO 6157-1 or ISO 6157-3 as appropriate
1) For structural bolting the limit is 12 mm. 2) Surface hardness shall not be more than 30 Vickers points above the measured core hardness on the product when readings of both surface and core are
carried out at HV 0.3. For property class 10.9 any increase in hardness at the surface which indicates that the surface hardness exceeds 390 HV is not acceptable.
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 2702
(EXTRACT)
HEAT-TREATED MECHANICAL
The primary objective of this International Standard is to ensure that tapping screws will form mating threads in materials into which they are normally driven without deforming their own thread and without breaking during assembly or service. Materials The material used is casehardening quality steel. Acceptance For routine acceptance test, the drive test, torsional test and core hardness test may be used.
Drive test The sample screws (coated or uncoated, as received) shall be driven into a test plate until a thread of full diameter is completely through the test plate. The test plate shall be made of low carbon steel with a carbon content not exceeding 0,23%. The hardness of the plate shall be 130 HV to 170 HV. The thickness of the plate shall conform to the values given in the following table. The test hole shall be drilled, or punched and redrilled, or reamed to the hole diameter specified in table for the size of screw being tested.
STANDARD TEST PLATE THICKNESS AND HOLE DIAMETER FOR DRIVE TEST
Nominal thread diameter ST 2.2 ST 2.6 ST 2.9 ST 3.3 ST 3.5 ST 3.9 ST 4.2 ST 4.8 ST 5.5 ST 6.3 ST 8 Designation N 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 Plate thickness mm. max. min. 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 2.06 2.06 2.06 3.23 3.23 5.05 5.05 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.85 1.85 1.85 3.10 3.10 4.67 4.67 Hole diameter mm. max. min. 1.955 2.235 2.465 2.730 2.970 3.290 3.480 4.065 4.785 5.525 6.935 1.905 2.185 2.415 2.680 2.920 3.240 3.430 4.015 4.735 5.475 6.885
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EN ISO 2702 (EXTRACT)
Torsional strength test The shank of the sample screw (coated or uncoated, as received) shall be clamped in a mating, split, threaded die or other device so that the clamped portion of the screw is not damaged and at least two full threads project above the clamping device and at least two fullform threads exclusive of point are held within the clamping device. A threaded insert with a blind hole may be used in place
of the clamping device provided that the hole depth is such as to ensure that breakage will occur beyond the point. By means of a suitable calibrated torque-measuring device, torque shall be applied to the screw until failure occurs. The screw shall meet the minimum torsional strength requirements given in the following table.
Nominal thread diameter ST 2.2 ST 2.6 ST 2.9 ST 3.3 ST 3.5 ST 3.9 ST 4.2 ST 4.8 ST 5.5 ST 6.3 ST 8
Designation N 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16
Minimum torsional strength Nm 0.45 0.90 1.50 2.0 2.7 3.4 4.4 6.3 10.0 13.6 30.5
In cases where screws are plated subsequent to delivery to the purchaser (or where plating of screws is otherwise under the control of the purchaser), the producer is not responsible for failure due to plating. In such cases, the bolt manufacturer can only be held
responsible if it is proved that the failure is not due to any post-treatment. Screws from which the plating has been stripped off cannot be considered as samples.
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COMMON STANDARDS
UNI 6946
(EXTRACT)
TAPPING
The hole sizes in the present standard have been determined experimentally; when using them in a serie
APPROXIMATE
Dimensions in mm. Hole size* for sheet metals in : Steel, stainless and brass Aluminium alloy Punched holes 2.20 2.20 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 Drilled or trimmed holes 1.60 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 1.90 1.95 2.20 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.40 2.45 2.55 2.60 2.65 2.65 2.70 2.70 2.80 2.85 2.95 3.10 3.25 2.95 2.95 2.95 2.95 3.10 3.25 3.50 3.60 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.25 3.50 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.90 Punched holes 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 Drilled or trimmed holes 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.70 1.80 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.30 2.30 2.40 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.70 2.80 2.85 3.10 2.90 2.90 2.95 3.10 3.25 3.50 3.60 2.95 3.10 3.25 3.50 3.60 3.75 3.75 3.80 3.90
ST 2.2
ST 2.9
ST 3.5
ST 3.9
ST 4.2
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UNI 6946 (EXTRACT)
Designation N
Metal thickness over 0.50 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.70 3.20 3.40 4.20 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.70 3.20 3.40 4.20 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.70 3.20 3.40 4.20 4.80 4.90 until to 0.50 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.70 3.20 3.40 4.20 9.50 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.70 3.20 3.40 4.20 9.50 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.70 3.20 3.40 4.20 4.80 4.90 9.50
Hole size* for sheet metals in : Steel, stainless and brass Aluminium alloy Punched holes 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 5.3 5.3 5.3 Drilled or trimmed holes 3.70 3.70 3.75 3.90 3.90 4.00 4.10 4.30 4.30 4.40 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.30 4.50 4.70 4.70 5.00 5.00 5.10 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.80 5.80 6.00 6.00 6.00 Punched holes 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Drilled or trimmed holes 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.75 3.75 3.80 3.80 3.90 4.10 4.10 4.25 4.40 4.60 4.70 4.70 4.80 5.00 5.10 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.30 5.40 4.40 5.60 5.80
ST 4.8
10
ST 5.5
12
ST 6.3
14
HOLE SIZES FOR: ALUMINIUM, MAGNESIUM, ZINC, BRASS, BRONZE CASTING AND PLASTIC MATERIALS
Nominal thread diameter ST 2.2 ST 2.9 ST 3.5 ST 3.9 ST 4.2 ST 4.8 ST 5.5 ST 6.3 Designation N 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14 Aluminium, magnesium, zinc, brass, bronze casting Hole size 2.00 2.65 3.25 3.65 3.85 4.50 5.10 6.00 Depth of blind hole min. 3.00 5.00 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 7.00 8.00 Phenolic materials Hole size 2.00 2.55 3.25 3.45 3.80 4.50 5.10 6.00 Depth of blind hole min. 5.00 6.50 6.50 6.50 8.00 8.00 9.50 9.50
Dimensions in mm. Cellulosic, acrylic and styrenic materials Hole size 2.00 2.40 3.10 3.25 3.70 4.40 4.90 5.60 Depth of blind hole min. 5.00 6.50 6.50 6.50 8.00 8.00 9.50 9.50
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COMMON STANDARDS
ASME B 18.6.4
(EXTRACT)
Metal thickness 0.38 0.46 0.61 0.76 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.91 0.38 0.46 0.61 0.76 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.91 0.46 0.61 0.76 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.91 0.46 0.61 0.76 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.91 0.46 0.61 0.76 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.91 0.46 0.61 0.76 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.91 0.46 0.61 0.76 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.91
ST 2.9
ST 3.5
ST 3.9
ST 4.2
ST 4.8
10
ST 5.5
12
ST 6.3
1/4
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COMMON STANDARDS
UNI 7323-12
(EXTRACT)
TAPPING
SCREWS WITH TWO PROFILE THREAD AND DOUBLE START FOR PLASTIC MATERIALS: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE
Steel Casehardening steels. Torsional test When the screw is exclusively subjected to torsion, the minimum breaking torque of the following table shall be reached before rupture occurs for the considered nominal threaded diameter.
The screw (with or without coating) shall be clamped in a cut device, having a blind hole, so that the clamped part will not be damaged. At least two full threads shall protrude over the device and at least two full threads, excluding the end, shall be clamped.
Minimum breaking torque Nm 1.00 1.45 2.15 2.85 4.35 6.55 9.15 15.60
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 7085
(EXTRACT)
MECHANICAL
Steels Casehardening steels. Torsional test The sample screw shall be securely clamped by suitable means with at least two full threads projecting above the clamping device, and at least two full threads exclusive of point, held within the clamping device. By means of a suitably calibrated measuring device, torque shall be applied to the screw until failure of the screw occurs. The torque required to cause failure shall be equal to or exceed the minimum breaking torque specified in the table.
Ability to forming the mating thread The screw shall, (without permanent deformation of its own thread), form a mating thread in a test plate having a hardness HV 140 180, thickness equal to the nominal diameter, with a drive speed not over 30 rpm in a hole whose diameter is given in the following table. During this test the drive torque shall not exceed the maximum values given in the table.
Plate thickness Thickness mm. Hole diameter mm. max. min. 2.275 2.775 3.180 3.680 4.530 5.430 7.336 2.250 2.750 3.150 3.650 4.500 5.400 7.300
Maximum drive torque Nm 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.5 5.0 8.5 21.0
Minimum breaking torque Nm 1.2 2.1 3.4 4.9 10.0 17.0 42.0
Minimum tensile breaking load* N 3 150 4 680 6 300 8 170 13 200 18 700 34 000
Embrittlement For these screws there is a risk of failure due to hydrogen embrittlement, especially if they are electroplated. Therefore process investigation shall be conducted according to ISO 15330.
In the case of electroplating, hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment in accordance with ISO 4042 shall be applied. Non electrolytic applied coating are preferred.
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COMMON STANDARDS
UNI 8108
(EXTRACT)
THREAD
APPROXIMATE TRIMMED
OR DRILLED HOLE SIZES FOR SHEET METALS
Dimensions in mm.
Thread diameter d
M2.5 M3 M3.5 M4 M5 M6 M8
Materials Steel, stainless steel and brass Aluminium and its alloys Metal thickness mm. Metal thickness mm. from 0.5 from 2 from 3.5 from 6.8 from 9 from 0.5 from 2 from 3.5 from 6.8 up to 2 up to 3.5 up to 6.8 up to 9 up to 13 up to 2 up to 3.5 up to 6.8 up to 9 Hole size Hole size H11 H11 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.70 2.75 2.80 2.70 2.70 2.75 3.10 3.20 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.10 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.60 3.70 3.75 3.75 3.80 3.60 3.70 3.70 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.70 4.50 4.50 4.60 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.40 5.40 5.50 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.30 7.30 7.40
from 9 up to 13
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COMMON STANDARDS
DIN 7513 DIN 7516
(EXTRACT)
THREAD
Steels Casehardening screws. Torsional test The sample screw shall be securely clamped by suitable means with at least two full threads projecting above the clamping device, and at least two full threads exclusive of point, held within the clamping device. By means of a suitably calibrated measuring device, torque shall be applied to the screw until failure of the screw occurs. The torque required to cause failure shall be equal to or exceed the minimum breaking torque specified in the table.
Ability to forming the mating thread The screw shall, without permanent deformation of its own thread, form a mating thread in a test plate having a hardness HB 110 130, thickness equal to the nominal diameter, with a drive speed not over 30 rpm in a hole whose diameter is given in the following table. During this test the drive torque shall not exceed the maximum values given in the table.
Test plate Thickness mm. 3 4 5 6 8 Hole size Tolerance H9 mm. 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.5 7.4
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 10666
(EXTRACT)
DRILLING
Steels Casehardening steels or heat treatable steel. Torsional test The sample screw shall be securely clamped by suitable means with at least two full threads projecting above the clamping device, and at least two full threads exclusive of point, held within the clamping device. By means of a suitably calibrated measuring device, torque shall be applied to the screw until failure of the
screw occurs. The torque required to cause failure shall be equal to or exceed the minimum breaking torque specified in the table. Ability to forming the mating thread The screw shall, (without permanent deformation of its own thread), form a mating thread in a test plate having a hardness HV 110 165. The plate thickness and the rotational speed are given in the following table:
Drilling parameters Designation N 4 6 8 10 12 14 Plate thickness mm 0.7 1 1.5 2 3 3 Axial Force N 150 150 250 250 350 350 Rotational speed of screw under load min.1 1 800 2 500 1 800 2 500 1 800 2 500 1 800 2 500 1 000 1 800 1 000 1 800 Test duration s 3 4 5 7 11 13
0.7 + 1 + 1.5 + 2 + 2 + 2 +
= 1.4 =2 =3 =4 =5 =5
Embrittlement For these screws there is a risk of failure due to hydrogen embrittlement, especially if they are electroplated. Therefore process investigation shall be conducted according to ISO 15330.
In the case of electroplating, hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment in accordance with ISO 4042 shall be applied. Non electrolytic applied coating are preferred.
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COMMON STANDARDS
UNI 3740-4
(EXTRACT)
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF NUTS
This standard specifies the mechanical properties for nuts. It applies to nuts: with nominal thread diameters, d, from 3 mm. up to and including 30 mm. for coarse thread and from 8 mm. up to 30 mm. for fine pitch thread with triangular ISO thread according ISO 68-1 with diameter/pitch combinations according to ISO 261 (coarse thread and fine pitch thread) with thread tolerances 6H according to ISO 965/1 and ISO 965/2
with dimensional tolerances according to ISO 4759/1 with widths across flats as specified in ISO 272 or greater manufactured in steel It does not specify requirements for such properties as: ability to withstand temperature above +300C, or below 50C.
C max
P max.
S max.
5S* 6* 0.50 0.110 0.150 6S* 8* 0.58 0.25 0.060 0.150 8G 10 0.15 0.58 0.30 0.048 0.058 * Free cutting steel is allowed; in this case the following maximum lead, phosphorus and sulphur contents are permissible: Pb 0.35% P 0.12% S 0.34% When agreed with the user, the use of free cutting steel is allowed; in this case the limit for the lead is the following: Pb 0.35%
HARDNESS VALUES
Property class Vickers Hardness HV min. max. HRB min. Rockwell Hardness HRC min. 26 max. 30 30 36
5S 6 150 302 79 6S 8 188 302 89 8G 10 272 353 Nuts of this property class shall be hardened and tempered. The property classes 5S, 6S end 8G have only hardness limits. The property classes 6, 8 end 10 have hardness limits and proof loads.
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COMMON STANDARDS
DIN 267-4
(EXTRACT)
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF NUTS
This standard specifies the mechanical properties of nuts which have to withstand specified proof loads with nominal thread diameters up to and including 39 mm with ISO metric thread as defined in DIN 13 Part 13 with thread tolerances 6H in accordance with DIN 13 Part 15 with nominal heights not less than 0,8 D (including the normal countersink on the thread)
with width across flats or external diameters not less than 1,45 D and of other nuts where reference is made to this standard. It does not specify requirements for such properties as: Ability to withstand temperature above +300C, or below 50C.
8 10
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Proof load stress Sp N/mm2 800 1000 Mechanical properties Vickers hardness HV max. 302 353 Rockwell hardness HRC max. 30 36
Property class
8 10
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 898-2
(EXTRACT)
DESIGNATION SYSTEM AND STRESSES UNDER PROOF LOAD FOR NUTS WITH NOMINAL HEIGHTS 0,5D BUT < 0,8D
Property class of nut 04 05 Nominal stress under proof load N/mm2 400 500 Actual stress under proof load N/mm2 380 500
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EN ISO 898-2 (EXTRACT)
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Diameter mm. > 4 7 10 16 4 7 10 16 39 Property class 04 Thin nuts Vickers hardness HV min. max.
state
380
188
302
NQT
1)
state
500
272
353
QT 2)
Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 600 670 680 700 720
Property class 6 Style 1 Vickers hardness HV min. max. 150 302 150 302 150 302 150 302 170 302 Property class 8 Style 1 Vickers hardness HV min. max. 180 302 200 302 200 302 200 302 233 353 Property class 8 Style 2 Vickers hardness HV min. max. 180 302
Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 800 855 870 880 920
39
state NQT
1)
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EN ISO 898-2 (EXTRACT)
Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 900 915 940 950 920
Property class 9 Style 2 Vickers hardness HV min. max. 170 302 188 302 188 302 188 302 188 302
Property class 10 Style 1 Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 1 040 1 040 1 040 1 050 1 060 Vickers hardness HV min. max. state
272
353
QT
2)
Property class 12 Style 1 Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 1 140 1 140 1 140 1 170 Vickers hardness HV min. max. 295 353 state
QT
2)
Property class 12 Style 2 Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 1 150 1 150 1 160 1 190 1 200 Vickers hardness HV min. max. state
4 7 10 16 39
272
353
QT
2)
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 898-6
(EXTRACT)
DESIGNATION SYSTEM AND STRESS UNDER PROOF LOADS FOR NUTS WITH NOMINAL HEIGHTS 0,5D BUT < 0,8D
Property class of nut 04 05 Nominal stress under proof load N/mm2 400 500 Actual stress under proof load N/mm2 380 500
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EN ISO 898-6 (EXTRACT)
Property class 04 Thin nuts Vickers hardness HV min. max. 188 302
state NQT
1)
Property class 05 Thin nuts Vickers hardness HV min. max. 272 353
state QT
2)
Property class Style 1 Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 955 955 1 030 1 090
Vickers hardness HV min. max. 250 250 295 295 353 353 353 353
state QT QT QT QT
2) 2) 2) 2)
8 state NQT
1)
1) NQT 2) QT
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EN ISO 898-6 (EXTRACT)
state QT
2)
Property class 10 Style 2 Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2 1 055 1 055 1 080 Vickers hardness HV min. max. 250 250 260 353 353 353 state QT QT QT
2) 2) 2)
state QT
2)
1) NQT 2) QT
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COMMON STANDARDS
DIN 267-24
(EXTRACT)
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF NUTS
CLASS)
(HARDNESS
This standard specifies the mechanical properties of nuts and similar fasteners not under tensile stresses in the range from 10 up to and including 200 mm. thread diameter which are made of carbon steel or free cutting steel.
It does not apply to fasteners requiring special properties such as: specified tensile stresses weldability corrosion resistance ability to withstand temperatures above + 250 C or below 50 C
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical properties Property class min. 14H 140 Vickers hardness HV Brinell hardness HB
max. 215
min. 133
max. 204
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COMMON STANDARDS
TABLE A PREVAILING TORQUES FOR RINGS - ELASTIC STOP
Thread M 20 M 25 M 30 M 35 M 40 M 45 M 50 M 55 M 60 M 65 M 70 M 75 M 80 M 85 M 90 M 95 M100
Prevailing Torque Nm 1 assembly max. 5 removal min. 14 22 34 54 70 94 116 140 162 185 208 232 255 278 300 324 346 4 6 9 12 15 24 32 40 48 58 66 75 84 92 100 108 118
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COMMON STANDARDS
DIN 267-15
(EXTRACT)
TORQUES NUTS
The nut is then slackened until the tensile load in the bolt has been reduced to zero. The minimum prevailing torque occurring while the nut is being slackened through the next 360 of rotation is measured. This torque shall be not less than the first fixing prevailing torque value as specified in table. The nut is then reassembled and removed four more times. On each assembly, the nut shall be advanced sufficiently to allow a length equivalent to four to seven tread pitches to protrude through the nut, without applying a test clamp load. On each removal, the prevailing torque element shall be disengaged from the bolt thread. During the fifth removal, the minimum prevailing torque occurring while the nut is being slackened through the first 360 of rotation is measured. This torque shall be not less than the prevailing torque value specified in table. In addition, at no time during these four additional refixings and removals shall the torque exceed the maximum first fixing prevailing torque value. To avoid overheating of the assembly, sufficient time shall elapse between the torque application cycles. The speed of installation and removal of the nut shall not exceed 30 min 1 and shall be continuous and uniform. A property class in accordance with ISO 898-1 which corresponds with that assigned to the nut shall be chosen for the test bolt, e.g. nut: 8; bolt: 8.8. The surface finish of the bolt shall also correspond with that of the nut, normally electroplated in accordance with ISO 4042. Where nuts with a protective coating other than zinc or phosphate are to be tested, a bolt with a zinc-phosphate and oiled finish shall be used. In referee tests the nut and bolt shall have the same surface finish. A new test bolt shall be used for testing each nut.
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DIN 267-15 (EXTRACT)
Clamping force N Thread Coarse Pitch Property class 8 M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16 M18 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 M33 M36 M39 0.5 0.7 0.8 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 4 4 2190 3820 6170 8700 15900 25300 36700 50000 68200 86200 110000 136000 159000 206000 253000 312000 368000 440000 10 3130 5470 8850 12500 22800 36100 52500 71600 97500 119000 152000 189000 220000 286000 350000 432000 509000 608000 1 1.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 3 3 Fine Pitch
Clamping force N Property class 8 17000 26600 42300 54400 72700 97500 122000 150000 172000 223000 280000 343000 389000 463000 10 24400 38100 62100 78000 104000 134000 169000 207000 239000 309000 386000 474000 538000 641000
Prevailing Torque Nm Property class 8 First First Fifth Assemb. Removal Removal max. min. min. 0.43 0.12 0.08 0.90 0.18 0.12 1.60 0.29 0.20 3 0.45 0.30 6 0.85 0.60 10.50 1.50 1 15.50 2.30 1.60 24 3.30 2.30 32 4.5 3 42 6 4.20 54 7.50 5.30 68 9.50 6.50 80 11.50 8 94 13.5 10 108 16 12 122 18 14 136 21 16 150 23 18 Property class 10 First First Fifth Assemb. Removal Removal max. min. min. 0.60 0.15 0.10 1.20 0.22 0.15 2.10 0.35 0.24 4 0.55 0.40 8 1.15 0.80 14 2 1.40 21 3.10 2.10 31 4.40 3 42 6 4.20 56 8 5.50 72 10.50 7 90 13 9 106 15 10.50 123 17 12 140 19 14 160 21.50 16.50 180 24 17.50 200 26.50 19.5
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COMMON STANDARDS
UNI 3740-6
(EXTRACT)
FASTENERS:
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
The standard specifies the general technical prescriptions for the following protective coating on threaded fasteners. - Phosphate coatings - Organic coatings - Mechanical coatings
It can be applied on other threaded or non-threaded fasteners, like washers and pins.
PHOSPHATE
Designation system The designation system is defined by the following symbols: Fe: base metal followed by an oblique bar FAR: zinc anti-corrosion phosphate FAG: anti-seizure manganese phosphate Zn: zinc (or zinc-iron) Mn: manganese (or manganese-iron) Possible number: nominal coating thickness expressed in mm. Designation example - Fe/FAR Zn 6 It means zinc (or zinc-iron) anti-corrosion phosphate on steel base; nominal coating thickness of 6 m. Performances Phosphate coatings are usually applied to improve the anti-corrosion performances of the steel surface.
COATINGS
They are made of a tiny crystalline, strongly sticking to the support, dent coat. Sizes and morphological structure of crystallines define surface roughness; friction coefficient in screwing is generally influenced. The phosphate coating alone is defined by low protecting performances, because of its porous structure. Unless different agreements between customer and producer, it must be soaked with oil. Thickness and mass of phosphate coating The most reliable evaluation is the one referred to phosphate coating specific mass, it is expressed in grams of coat per square metre of ferrous surface. That measure must be used in case of complaint. Coating thickness measures with magnetic or electric methods, give results that can be slightly significant. They are suggested only to general check.
* The nominal thickness is obtained dividing by 1,4 the mass of the coating
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UNI 3740-6 (EXTRACT)
Performances of deembrittlement treatment Phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement can especially exist in acid pickling. During zinc phosphate (because of the lower acidity of bathes), they generally dont get remarkable intensity; on the contrary manganese phosphate in this case verges to be more dangerous. Whenever the material nominal minimum tensile strength
Rm is higher or equal to 1 200 N/mm2 (o similar) can be asked the deembrittlement treatment, and that must be specified on draw or in ordering. In this case the deembrittlement treatment can be carry out by heating in furnace, then followed by a cooling at room temperature, as specified in prospect, or staying 120h at room temperature.
DEEMBRITTLEMENT TREATMENT
Minimum tensile strength Rm >1 200 N/mm2 Deembrittlement treatment Permanence Temperature h C min. 8 110
Temperatures higher than 110 C are not allowed, to avoid phenomena of chalking of phosphate coat (only
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ORGANIC
Generality This section defines the technical prescriptions about chemical anti-corrosion coatings mainly made of zinc and other anodic materials, in comparison with support metal and made of polymeric organic binders and chromates. These coatings are known with different commercial names (for example DACROMET). These coatings are especially recommended for fasteners with tensile strength Rm higher or equal to 1040 N/mm2, because they dont produce hydrogen embrittlement. Designation system Designation system is defined by the following symbols: Fe: base metal AC: chemical anti-corrosion coating, made of chromates metals and polymeric organic binders ACL: lubricant chemical anti-corrosion coating, made of metals, chromates and polymeric organic binders, with a carbonic fluorine polymer. 5: nominal thickness of 5 mm (ordinary class) with a minimum specific mass of 20 g/m2 8: nominal thickness of 8 mm (extraordinary class) with a minimum specific mass of 32 g/m2. Designation example - Fe/AC 5 It means chemical anti-corrosion coating on steel, with a nominal thickness equal to 5 m, in ordinary class.
COATINGS
Performances The coating performances are defined by the following properties: appearance, thickness, corrosion resistance, adhesion (evaluated as adhesion to thermic stress). Appearance Coating must be silver grey coloured, half dull (in case of no post-treatment), homogeneous and uniform on all the surface. Little dents and light possible exceed of material deposit are allowed, on condition that check with the gage remains possible. Thickness Referring to thickness, coating can be divided in two classes: Ordinary class: minimum thickness 5 mm (nominal 5 mm) Extraordinary class: minimum thickness 8 mm (nominal 8 mm) Coating must not compromise screwing, therefore its important the choice of the threaded tolerance position, referring to the recommended thickness, specified by the drawing or on ordering. Salt spray corrosion resistance Referring to the process coating, significant surface is all the sample surface, except concavities.
CORROSION RESISTANCE
Designation Fe/AC 5 Fe/ACL 5 Fe/AC 8 Fe/ACL 8 Time without red corrosion products on significant surface h min. 600 600 1000 1000
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MECHANICAL
Generality Mechanical coating means applying protective coating, generally made of Zn, Sn, or Al individually or combined put on the surface, and used as dust in checked granulometry water suspension, in a mechanical long random pressure action, pressed on details in defined barrel, produced by mixing spheres of particular sizes and chemical catalyst. Mechanical coating is especially indicated as protecting coating for high strength fasteners with a tensile strength Rm higher or equal to 1040 N/mm2, since it doesnt produce hydrogen embrittlement. Designation system Designation system is defined by the following symbols: Fe: base metal followed by a oblique bar M: mechanical deposition of metallic coating Chemical symbols of coating element: example Zn o Sn o Al. The sequence of two symbols of metals means the coating is made of metallic layers in reference to the application order specified in designation. 8, 10, 12, 15: nominal values of coating thickness, expressed in mm, in case of only one layer; or the value of the total layers thickness of the coating.
COATINGS
c: converting coating made of chromate materials 1 e 2: converting coating classes made of chromate materials A, B, C, D: kind of converting coating made of chromate materials *. Performances Coating performances are defined by the following properties: appearance, thickness, corrosion resistance, adhesion. Appearance Mechanical coating, without chromate conversion, is differently coloured in reference to the coating metal; however its appearance is silvery, from dull to halfbright, homogeneous and uniform on all the surface. After chromate conversion, it gets the typical appearance of the same. Thickness Coating must not compromise screwing. Salt spray corrosion resistance Referring to the process coating, significant surface is all the sample surface, except corners.
ZINC COATING
Typical appearance Transparent, light with blue reflexes Iridescent yellow Time without white corrosion products on significant surface h min. 8 Time without red corrosion products on significant surface h min. 72 96 120 144 192 216
Designation Fe/M Zn 8c1A Fe/M Zn 12c1A Fe/M Zn 20c1A Fe/M Zn 8c2C Fe/M Zn 12c2C Fe/M Zn 20c2C
72
* Subject to agreement between customer and producer, conversion coatings made of chromate materials designed by B, with a typical appearance transparent and iridescent and D, with a typical appearance olive green and brown and bronze shades and its corrosion resistance can be applied.
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 4042
(EXTRACT)
FASTENERS:
ELECTROPLATED COATINGS
The following prescription conforms to the contents of ISO 4042, and concerns the electroplating of threaded
fasteners, but it may also be applied to other threaded parts and non-threaded parts such as washers and pins.
12
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DESIGNATION CODE
The following code system is given for electroplated coatings:
X Y Z
where
X : coating metal
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COMMON STANDARDS
AGRATI GROUP
(EXTRACT)
SURFACE
Index salt spray resistance hrs 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 600 600
COATING BEHAVIOUR
salt spray resistance Property class Friction vs. hydrogen (*) hrs Thermal coefficent shock red white 8.8 10.9 12.9 products products hrs hrs Yes 800 1000 0.12 0.18 A A A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 800 700 200 200 200 200 200 200 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 600 600 0.08 0.14 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.25 0.08 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.25 0.08 0.14 A A A A A A A A B A A A A A A A C A A A A A A A
Lubrication
Appearance
Dacroblack 15 12
Incorporated
Black Silver grey Silver grey Silver grey Silver grey + possible colour Silver grey Silver grey Silver grey Silver grey + possible colour Silver grey Silver grey Yellow Black Clear blue Yellow Yellow Silver grey Dull black Clear blue or black Black Silver grey Olive green Olive green Clear blue or black Yellow Yellow
Zinc pl. + Dorreltech B17 12 Incorporated Deltatone / Dorreltech B17 14 Incorporated Dacromet 320 B 8 Dacromet 320 B 5 lubricated Dacromet 500 B 8 Dacromet plus L 8 Dacromet 320 A 5 Dacromet 320 A 5 lubricated Dacromet 320 A 5 lubricated Dacromet 500 A 5 Zinc plating + Zinthum 12 Zinc plating + Ludogen 12 Zinc nichel 8 No T.n.T. Blue or green or colour less Incorporated Incorporated No T.n.T. Blue or green or colour less Luberstone Incorporated Incorporated Incorporated T.n.T.
600 600 600 600 600 600 480 400 400 360 312 288 288 288 240 240 240
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes --Yes ---
200 200 200 200 200 200 240 288 288 120 120 --96 96 120 72 72
600 600 600 600 600 600 480 400 400 360 312 288 288 288 240 240 240
0.05 0.08 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.18 or others 0.08 0.14 0.08 0.14 0.08 0.14 0.08 0.14 or others 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A A B B B B B A A B B A B B B B B
A A C C C C C A A C C A C C C C C
Zinc plating + Finigard 105 12 Incorporated Zinc plating + Lanthane 300 12 Incorporated
Deltatone / Deltaseal GZ 12 Incorporated Deltatone / Deltaseal GZ black 12 Zinc pl. + Deltacoll GZ 25 Zinc iron 5 Deltatone 10 Zinc plating 12 Mechanical zinc plating 12 Incorporated Incorporated T.n.T. T.n.T. No T.n.T.
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AGRATI GROUP (EXTRACT)
Index salt spray resistance hrs 192 192 168 168 168 144 144 144 144 144 96 96 96 96 96 72 72 72 72 24 16 8
Lubrication
Appearance
Zinc plating 8 Mechanical zinc plating 8 Zinc plating 12 Zinc plating 12 Mechanical zinc plating 12 Zinc plating 8 Zinc plating 8 Mechanical zinc plating 8 Zinc plating 15 Mechanical zinc plating 15 Zinc plating 8 Mechanical zinc plating 8 Zinc plating 12 Zinc plating 12 Mechanical zinc plating 12 Zinc plating 8 Zinc plating 8 Mechanical zinc plating 8 Phosphatizing ZN 8 Phosphatizing ZN 6 Phosphatizing MN Microphosphatizing ZN/CA 3
No T.n.T. No T.n.T. T.n.T. No T.n.T. T.n.T. No T.n.T. No T.n.T. No T.n.T. T.n.T. No T.n.T. T.n.T. Yes Yes Yes Yes
Olive green Olive green Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Clear blue Clear blue Black Black Clear blue Clear blue Clear blue Clear blue Clear blue Clear blue Grey black Grey black Grey black Grey black
salt spray resistance Property class vs. hydrogen (*) Friction hrs Thermal coefficent shock white red 8.8 10.9 12.9 products products hrs hrs -96 192 0.15 0.30 A B C -----------------NA NA NA NA 96 72 72 72 72 72 72 6 6 24 24 6 6 6 6 6 6 --------192 168 168 168 144 144 144 144 144 96 96 96 96 96 72 72 72 72 24 16 8 0.08 0.14 or others 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others 0.08 0.14 or others 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others 0.08 0.14 or others 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others 0.08 0.14 or others 0.15 0.30 0.08 0.14 or others 0.08 0.14 or others 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.08 0.14 0.08 0.14 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B A1 A1 A1 A1 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C A1 A1 A1 A1
( * ) A = Precaution not needed A1 = Precaution only with cleaning operations B = Baking is required C = Application excluded NA = Not applicable
And moreover : - Copper plating - Nickel plating - Brass plating - Tin plating
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COMMON STANDARDS
EN ISO 3269
(EXTRACT)
FASTENERS
ACCEPTANCE INSPECTION
This International Standard is applicable to bolts, screws, studs, nuts, pins, washer, blind rivets and other related fasteners not intended for high volume machine
assembly, special-purpose applications or specially engineered applications requiring greater in-process control and lot traceability.
TERMS
Sample size: N Number of fasteners in a sample.
AND DEFINITIONS
Acceptance number : AC Maximum number of nonconformities of the same characteristic in any given sample which, when exceeded, causes the lot to be rejected.
Acceptable quality level: AQL Quality level in a sampling plan corresponding to a high probability of acceptance. Note: In this International Standard, the probability is greater than or equal to 95%.
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EN ISO 3269 (EXTRACT)
1) If non-permitted surface discontinuities (for example, quench cracks) are found during surface discontinuity inspection (non-destructive test), regardless of their size, the inspection lot shall be rejected.
1) Specified in product standards. Other characteristics may be required according to the application specification.
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