Kara Cline The Expansion of Canada 1. Macdonald promised Nova Scotia a better deal if they remained a part of Canada.

This deal would give Nova Scotia more money from the federal government. As well, Britain would not allow Nova Scotia to leave confederation. Macdonald offered Joseph Howe a place in parliament as part of his government. This was a big bribe to get Howe to agree to keep Nova Scotia as part of confederation. 2. Canada paid the Hudson Bay Company $1, 500, 000 to purchase the North West Territories. 3. The people living in the North West, mostly Indians and Mtis people, had not been asked if they wanted to become part of Canada. They believed that soon the North West would be swarmed by English speaking settlers. The settlers would kill all the buffalo, using up all the Mtis and Indian peoples food supplies. The Mtis population were mainly French speaking, Roman Catholics. The people were afraid of losing their language, culture and way of life to the English-speaking Protestant settlers. In 1969, Louis Riel, lead the Mtis people in a rebellion against the Canadian federal government. By force, the Mtis rebellion took over Fort Garry, a fort just outside of Winnipeg. Macdonald had no choice but to give in to the demands of the Mtis rebellion as there was nothing he could do to stop it. 4. The Manitoba Act was the law Canada passed making Manitoba a province. This law ensured that the Mtis people could keep their Roman Catholic religion and the French language. This made Manitoba a bicultural province, having both English and French cultures. Through the Act the Mtis people received 560 000 hectares of land. As a province, Manitoba could send four Members of Parliament to Ottawa as representatives. 5. Thomas Scott was a member of a group of settlers called the Canada Party. Their aim was to join the Red River with Canada. When Louis Riel and his followers took over Fort Garry, Thomas Scott along with other members of the Canada Party, resisted. The resistors were jailed by Riels men. Scott managed to escape the prison and tried to organize settlers to capture Riel. Unfortunately for him, Scott was captured again by Riel;s men, in 1870. Scott was tried and sentenced to death by the Mtis. Thomas Scott was executed at Fort Garry. This resulted in a huge diversion between the English and French Canadians. In the English Canadians minds, Scotts execution was murder. The English wanted to see Riel hung for Scotts death. The French Canadians saw Scott as a man who was nothing but trouble and deserved to be shot. Riel was seen as a hero to the French Canadians. 6. British Columbia- Spent over a million dollars on the Cariboo road and were heavily in debt. British Columbia could not afford to survive on their own. Macdonald agreed to take over the debts of British Columbia. His other promise was that instead of a wagon road he would build a railroad to connect British Columbia to the rest of the country. Prince Edward Island- Tried to build a railway form one end of the island to the other. This project put them in huge debt. The Canadian government promised PEI that they would take over their debts. As well as paying eight hundred thousand dollars to buy back Prince Edward Island land from British owners.

7. One- Macdonald sends Alexander Morris to make peace and sign treaties with the Indians. The Indians agree to give up their claims to the land and settle on reserves. A treaty is signed with the promise of money, yearly gifts and training in farming. Two- Laws were passed by the government encouraging people to settle in the West. Land was promised to any person who lived on the land for three years. Additional land was available at two dollars per hectare fro farmers. Three- The government made the North West Mounted Police. The Mounties job was to keep out American whiskey traders or anyone else causing trouble. They also kept law and order between the Indians, Mtis, and settlers. Four- A railway was built connecting all of Canada. The railway ran from eastern Canada to British Columbia. It was necessary to tie the country together. 8. Macdonald wanted Canadian businessmen to build the railway that would connect eastern Canada to British Columbia. There were two companies fighting for the job, a Montreal company led by Hugh Allan, and a Toronto company. The two leaders of the different companies refused to work together. During the federal election in 1872, the Montreal company gave huge sums of money to Conservative Party candidates running in the election for House of Commons. Macdonald and Cartier were among those who received money towards election expenses. When the Conservatives won the election, the railway contract was given to the Montreal company. Word got out to the Liberal Party and the newspapers that the Conservatives had accepted bribes from Allan. In total, Allan gave the Conservatives $350,000. Although it was not illegal for Allan to give the Conservatives money, the people felt Macdonald had in turn given Allan the railway company as a way of repaying him. People felt this was wrong of Macdonald, and started losing faith in him. Macdonald resigned in 1973. 9. One change Mackenzie made was the use of the secret ballot. It was now a complete secret for whom someone had voted, meaning a lot less fights at election polls or people getting fired. Another reform was developing stronger laws on bribery in elections. An MP who had bought someones vote would lose their seat in the House of Commons. Mackenzie was very proud of Canada and worked to reduce the Governor Generals power in Canada. Mackenzies party, the Liberals, also set up the supreme court of Canada, which was to deal with legal cases for the entire country. These two steps made Canada less dependent on Britain. 10. Mackenzie and the Liberals were unable to populate Canada West for a few reasons, one being an upset in the balance of French-speaking and English-speaking people. The Liberals encouraged settlers to move to the West and settle on free farms there, promising to respect their religious beliefs. Some settlers from Russia and some from Iceland came over and settled in Manitoba but mainly the people who moved to Manitoba were from Ontario. This upset the balance between French and English, making French speaking people a minority. Another reason was the economic depression. During the depression workers lost jobs and people were broke. The Liberals tried to sign a Reciprocity Treaty with the United States which would increase trade and create jobs, but The States did not want a Treaty at the time meaning the depression continued. The last reason is that the Liberals tried to change the agreement with British Columbia about the Pacific Railway. Mackenzie said it should be built slowly or it would cost the government too much. The Premier of British Columbia was opposed to any changes to the bargain and threatened to separate from Canada if the railway was not built as promised.