Endemic, Indigenous, and Introduced Plants and Animals Living in Hawaii

Kelly Dudoit, Annette Ahuna, and Wendy Laros University of Hawaii Manoa ETEC 613, Spring 2013

Endemic, Indigenous, and Introduced Plants and Animals Living in Hawaii

Instructional Goal
The Hawaiian Islands are located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean far from other islands or continents. Like an oasis in the middle of a desert, these islands are extremely isolated. Compared to other parts of the world, only a small number of plants and animals populated the islands before humans came. The plants and animals that arrived to the islands naturally without human assistance are referred to as native. When native plants or animals are found in other areas of the world, theyre called indigenous. If a native plant or animal is only found in one place such as Hawaii it is referred to as endemic. Many wildlife species in Hawaii are endemic due to the evolutionary changes that occurred to these species because of this isolated environment. After humans came to the Hawaiian Islands, new plants and animals were introduced. Most plants and animals in lowland areas of the islands as well as some aquatic plants and marine fishes are introduced. The Instructional Goal of this module is to introduce the concepts of endemic, indigenous, and introduced plants and animals living in Hawaii to fourth graders (children ages eight to ten years old) who live in Hawaii. The hope is that this intellectual skill will raise awareness in the next generation and this awareness will lead to action. These actions will help Hawaiis unique endemic and indigenous plants and animals survive in the midst of competitive introduced species.
Blue Strip Butterflyfish Endemic to Hawaii

Target Audience
The intended audience for this instructional module is Grade 4 students who live in Hawaii. At this grade, students learn in Social Studies about their unique Hawaii home. They are able to read grade appropriate text and write paragraphs using simple and complex sentences. They have had experience in using the dictionary, both in book or the web form, to look up definitions of words. With proper instruction, learners will realize that native plants and animals need help to survive and prosper in Hawaii. In this module, each skill and sub skill will be introduced to the learners through informational presentation, example and non-examples, and pre-test and post-tests in order to instruct, assess and reinforce learning.
Hawaiian Hoary Bat Endemic to Hawaii

The learners in this target population are eight to ten years old and are from a variety of ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds. To capture their attention and motivate these young learners, plants and animals that they are familiar with will be used throughout the module. Learners at this age are curious about their environment and enjoy learning about their Hawaii home.

Instructional Analysis
The terminal object for this self-instructional module is for the learner to differentiate between the concepts of endemic, indigenous and introduced plants and animals living in Hawaii. A total of 18 skills will be taught in order to solve the problem (terminal objective). The major steps include: 1) Classifying endemic plants and animals. 2) Classifying indigenous plants and animals, and 3) Classifying introduced plants and animals. Students will also learn rules to identify endemic, indigenous, and introduced plants near the ocean, plants on land, animals in the ocean, and animals on land. They will also define the concepts endemic, indigenous, and introduced. The entry-level skills are skills students are presumed to already know, and therefore, will not be included in this instructional module. As students progress through this self-instructional module, they will be expected to learn the lower skills before moving to the next level skills. Entry-level skills are below the dotted line on the Instructional Hierarchy and the skills above the dotted line are those that students will need to learn in order to meet the terminal objective.

Silversword or Ahinahina Endemic Plant of Hawaii

Hawaiian Nene Goose or Nene Endemic Animal of Hawaii

Instructional Hierarchy

Differentiate between the concepts of endemic, indigenous, and introduced plants and animals living in Hawaii. (19)

K E Y

Classify endemic plants and animals. (6)

Classify indigenous plants and animals. (12)

Classify introduced plants and animals. (18)

Identify endemic plants on land. (3)

Identify endemic animals on land. (5) Identify endemic animals in the ocean. (4)

Identify indigenous plants on land. (9) Identify indigenous plants near the ocean. (8)

Identify indigenous animals on land. (11) Identify indigenous animals in the ocean. (10)

Identify indigenous plants on land. (15) Identify indigenous plants near the ocean. (14)

Identify indigenous animals on land. (17) Identify indigenous animals in the ocean. (16)

Identify endemic plants near the ocean. (2)

Define endemic. (1)

Define indigenous. (7)

Define introduced. (13)

Describe where Hawaii is on a world map. (EL1)

Differentiate Identify dispersal between native and methods. non-native. (EL2) (EL3)

Sequence and Clustering of Objectives

CLUSTER OBJECTIVES TIME

1 Endemic plants and animals.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

Define endemic. Identify endemic plants that live near the ocean. Identify endemic plants on land. Identify endemic animals in the ocean. Identify endemic animals on land. Classify endemic plants and animals. Define indigenous. Identify indigenous plants that live near the ocean. Identify indigenous plants on land. Identify indigenous animals in the ocean. Identify indigenous animals on land. Classify indigenous plants and animals. Define introduced. Identify introduced plants that live near the ocean. Identify introduced plants on land. Identify introduced animals in the ocean. Identify introduced animals on land. Classify introduced plants and animals.

40 minutes

2 Indigenous plants and animals.

40 minutes

3 Introduced plants and animals.

40 minutes

4 Terminal Objective

19. Differentiate between the concepts of endemic, indigenous and introduced plants and animals living in Hawaii.

20 minutes

Performance Objectives

Skill/Objective 1 Define endemic.

Performance Objectives Given four examples, the student will be able to identify the correct definition of the word endemic. Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of plants that live near the ocean, the student will be able to identify the endemic plant of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of plants that live on land, the student will be able to identify the endemic plant of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of animals that live in the ocean, the student will be able to identify the endemic animal of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of animals that live on land, the student will be able to identify the endemic animal of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. Given pictures of a variety of plant and animals, the student will be able to classify four endemic animals and four endemic plants with 100% accuracy.

Identify endemic plants that live near the ocean.

Identify endemic plants on land.

Identify endemic animals in the ocean.

Identify endemic animals on land.

Classify endemic plants and animals.

Content Presentation and Learner Participation

SKILL: Define endemic. OBJECTIVE: Given four examples, the student will be able to identify the correct definition of the word endemic. CONTENT PRESENTATION #1

Information Presentation: The word endemic refers to something as being native and belonging to a certain place and that place only. The word endemic is used to describe a species of animal or plant. Endemic species are found in isolated places, such as islands and deserts. The islands that make up Hawaii are very isolated from other islands or land areas. Because of this, Hawaii has many endemic plants and animals. So, remember that endemic plants and animals belong to a certain place and that place only. Examples:

The silversword or hinahina is found only on Maui and Hawaii island. These plants are not found anywhere else in the world. They are endemic to Hawaii. Non-Examples:

The Hawaiian stilt or aeo is a slender wading bird that is found on all the major islands except for Kaho`olawe. These birds can only be found in Hawaii making them endemic. They are also endangered.

Bamboo is a non-example of an endemic plant. It is found in many places in the world.

The feral pig is a non-example of an endemic animal. They were introduced to the United States and now exist in 45 states.

Pretest & Embedded:

Feedback

Which of the following defines the word endemic? Plants or animals A. belonging to a certain place. B. found in many different places. C. was brought to a place by humans. D. not found in Hawaii. *A. Correct. Endemic plants and animals are native to the area and can be only found in one place. B. Incorrect. Endemic plants and animals can only be found in one place and not in any other places. C. Incorrect. Endemic plants and animals arrive at a place naturally: by wind, waves, or birds. D. Incorrect. Endemic plants and animals are not only found in Hawaii but in many geographically isolated places in the word. Plants and animals that are endemic A. are found in many different places. B. are only found in one place C. was brought to a place by humans. D. live only in Hawaii.

Posttest

SKILL: #2 Identify endemic plants that live near the ocean. OBJECTIVE: Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of plants that live near the ocean, the student will be able to identify the endemic plant of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. CONTENT PRESENTATION Information Presentation: Now that you understand the word endemic, lets take an imaginary trip to the beach to explore plants near the ocean and take what we know to pick out the ones that are endemic to Hawaii. Remember Hawaiian endemic plants are not only native, they can only be found in Hawaii. You guys ready? Lets go holoholo! Examples:

Hinahina is locally common on Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai. This plant can be used to create beautiful haku lei. It is a native species that can only be found in Hawaii. Non-Examples:

The maiapilo is a native species that can be found only in Hawaii. The plant is known for its beautiful fragrant flowers (like the one pictured above).

Akulikuli is plant found near the ocean. While it is native to Hawaii, it can also be found in other parts of the world.

Ilima are commonly known as the flower that represents the island of Oahu. The flower can be sewn together to create beautiful lei. While this plant is native to Hawaii, it can also be found in other parts of the world.

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Pretest & Embedded:

From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic plant that lives near the ocean:

A. Naupaka kahakai or beach naupaka is a very common plant in Hawaii and can be found next to many beaches. This is a native species in Hawaii and can also be found in other parts of the world.

B. Commonly used to make BBQs, the Kiawe tree was supposedly first introduced to Hawaii from Paris by a missionary. They can now be seen throughout Hawaii and close to many beaches. Be careful when you see them near the beach because this tree has thick thorns on them that can poke all the way through your slippers. Ouch!

C. The `akia shrub normally grows around 3-4 feet tall and has small orange fruits. It is native to Hawaii and cannot be found in other parts of the world.

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Feedback

Posttest

D. Mangrove is very common in Hawaii. They are a non-native species that pose a serious threat to the native ocean plants and animals in Hawaii. A. Incorrect. Plants that are native are not always endemic. If they are found in other parts of the world they are not endemic. B. Incorrect. The kiawe tree was introduced to Hawaii, therefore is not endemic. *C. Correct. The `akia shrub is native to Hawaii and can only be found in Hawaii. D. Incorrect. The mangrove is non-native, therefore, can immediately be identified as not endemic. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic plant that lives near the ocean:

A. The hala tree can be found next to many beaches in Hawaii. Its leaves are commonly used for weaving things such as jewelry and baskets. This plant can also be found in other parts of Polynesia.

B. Akiaki grass grows well near the salt water. It is a native species to Hawaii and can also be found on beaches in other parts of the world. 12

C. The lantana brush feature pretty bunches of small colorful flowers. However, dont be fooled by its beauty. It also has tons of tiny thorns that will scratch you up when walking through the plant. It is a non-native plant.

D. The koko shrub has pretty reddish leaves and can be found on beaches on most of the Hawaiian islands. It is known for having flowers that have a smell similar to stinky breath. It is only found in Hawaii.

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SKILL: #3 Identify endemic plants on land. OBJECTIVE: Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of plants that live on land, the student will be able to identify the endemic plant of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. CONTENT PRESENTATION Information Presentation: Endemic plants not only exist near the ocean, but can also be found up mauka (further upland). How many of you have been to a forest before? Were all the plants you saw the same? No, Im sure you noticed many different plants. Now lets use our imagination once again and get on the bus to go up mauka to explore what kinds of plant life exist up there. Lets use what weve learned to pick out the ones that are endemic. Remember, Hawaiian endemic plants can only be found in Hawaii. Examples:

The haupuu fern has large triangle shaped leaves and can grow up to 15-20 feet tall! It is common throughout Hawaii and can be found on most of the Hawaiian islands. It is native to Hawaii and can only be found here. Non-Examples:

The na`u is a native Hawaiian gardenia that naturally came to the Hawaiian islands and cannot be found anywhere else in the world. While they look like the Tahitian tiare plant, the na`u has a smaller flower.

Waiwi or strawberry guava is a nonnative species that can be found in many places throughout the world. This plant is a threat to native plants. This plant is a non-example of an endemic plant.

Wawaeiole means rat feet. As you can see from the photo above this type of fern looks like just that. This fern is a native species that is found in many other places in the world. This is a nonexample of an endemic plant. 14

Pretest & Embedded:

From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land plant:

A. The koa tree is prized for its beautiful wood. The overharvesting of the wood in old Hawaii almost depleted the natural supply. Many conservation agencies have focused on planting Koa in our forests because it is native to the Hawaiian islands and cannot be found anywhere else in the world.

B. White ginger is known for its beautifully fragrant or ono smelling flowers. The flowers can be sewn into beautiful lei. While this is a commonly known flower in Hawaii, it is nonnative.

C. Palapalai is a fern commonly used by hula dancers. It s a strong fern that can be braided together to make haku lei. It is a native plant in Hawaii that can also be found in other parts of the world.

D. The Christmas berry plant threatens the life of many native species in forest areas. While it is pretty to use, especially as Christmas decorations, it is a danger in our natural forests. It is 15

Feedback

Posttest

not native to Hawaii. *A. Correct. Plants that are found in Hawaii and cannot be found anywhere else in the world are endemic. B. Incorrect. Non-native plants are never considered endemic. C. Incorrect. While the palapalai is common and native to Hawaii, it can also be found in other parts of the world, and is therefore, not endemic. D. Incorrect. Christmas Berry is not endemic because it is nonnative. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land plant:

A. Miconia is one of the most dangerous introduced plants in Hawaii. It can be found in wet areas and in some instances can grow up to 50 feet tall. It is non-native.

B. Ukiuki grass can be found in forests in Hawaii and in other places in the world. If plucked, the base of the grass can be eaten. The taste can be compared to artichoke leaves.

C. Pua aalii by Hookena is a popular Hawaiian song that talks about the aalii blossom pictured above. The aalii can adapt to both dry coastal areas and in forest areas. It can also be found

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in Hawaii and other places.

D. The ohelo plant has berries that are red, orange or yellow. The berries can be plucked and eaten fresh, or they can be used to make jellies or jams. The ohelo is native and can only be found in Hawaii.

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SKILL: #4 Identify endemic animals in the ocean. OBJECTIVE: Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of animals that live in the ocean, the student will be able to identify the endemic animal of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. CONTENT PRESENTATION Information Presentation: So, are you getting the hang of it? First, we talked about what endemic means. The word endemic refers to something as being native and belonging to a certain place and that place only. Second, we talked about endemic plants near the ocean and in the forests of Hawaii. Next, we are going to talk about a favorite subject for many of us animals that live in the ocean! Are there endemic animals in Hawaiian waters? Lets go holoholo and find out Examples:

The Hawaiian Monk Seal or `Ilioholo-i-ka-uaua is native to the Hawaiian Islands. They are the only endemic marine mammal of Hawaii and only can be found in Hawaii. Pretest & Embedded:

Bluestripe Butterflyfish or Kikakapu has bright blue lines with one black dot on its forehead and a larger one near its tail. This fish is endemic and only found in Hawaii.

From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic ocean animal:

A. Humpback Whales or Kohola come to the warm waters of Hawaii in the winter to mate and have babies. The live in Alaska during the summer to feed.

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B. Saddle Wrasse or Hinalea Lauwili is known for its red saddle. The family of fish known as wrasse is found in many parts of the world, but this type of wrasse with the blue face, red saddle, and green body is only found in the Hawaiian Islands.

C. The Moorish Idol or kihikihi is a reef fish that is native to Hawaii. They also occur naturally on other reefs all over the world.

Feedback

D. Bluestripe Snapper or Taape is a Tahitian word. These fish are from Tahiti and were introduced by humans to the Hawaiian Islands in the 1950s. A. Incorrect. Humpback Whales migrate between Alaska and Hawaii. They are not found only in one place, so theyre not endemic. *B. Correct. The Hinalea Lauwili or Saddle Wrasse is only found in Hawaii, so its endemic. C. Incorrect. The Moorish Idol is found all over the world and is not endemic to Hawaii. D. Incorrect. The Bluestripe Snapper lives in Hawaiian waters, but its not native and not endemic.

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Posttest

From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic ocean animal:

A. Hawaiian Cleaner Wrasse is a reef fish known for cleaning other fish and marine animals. They set up known locations called cleaning stations where other fish will line up waiting for their turn to be cleaned. These fish are brightly colored with a yellow head and purple tail. They are only found in Hawaii.

B. Parrotfish are brightly colored fish with teeth that are more like a beak so they resemble a parrot. Parrotfish are native to Hawaii, but they are also found in many other oceans in the world.

C. Manta rays or Hahalua are found in Hawaiian waters, but they also live in many other oceans in the world.

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D. Green Sea Turtle or honu get their name from the green algae on their bodies. Like all sea turtles, green sea turtles are endangered. They are native to Hawaii, but Green Sea Turtles live in other areas of the world also.

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SKILL: #5 Identify endemic animals on land. OBJECTIVE: Given four examples that include pictures and short descriptions of animals that live on land, the student will be able to identify the endemic animal of Hawaii with 100% accuracy. CONTENT PRESENTATION Information Presentation: Now that we learned about the animals that live in the ocean, lets talk about the animals that live on the land in Hawaii. We have a lot of animals on land in Hawaii dogs, cats, cows, horses, and even pigs. Are any of these animals that we see all of the time endemic to Hawaii? Remember, Hawaiian endemic animals can only be found in Hawaii. Lets go holoholo and see what we can find! Examples:

The Hawaiian Hoary Bat or peapea is the only land mammal that is native to Hawaii. It is only found in Hawaii so it is endemic to Hawaii.

Nene or Hawaiian Nene Goose is considered flightless and lives on land. Its native to Hawaii and has relatives in other areas of the world, but its unique to Hawaii. The Nene is only found in Hawaii so it is endemic to Hawaii.

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Non-Examples:

Cats live in Hawaii, but they also live all over the world. This is a non-example of an endemic animal.

Dogs live in Hawaii, but humans brought them to the islands. They are not native nor are they endemic. This is a non-example of an endemic animal.

Pretest & Embedded:

From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land animal:

A. The mongoose was brought to Hawaii by people. The people brought them here to kill the rats, but it didnt work.

B. Rats live in Hawaii, but they also live all over the world.

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C. The Short-Eared Owl or pueo lives in forests and grasslands in the Hawaiian Islands. This bird only lives in Hawaii and nowhere else.

Feedback

Posttest

D. Cows live in Hawaii, but people brought them to the islands. They are also found all over the world. A. Incorrect. The mongoose was introduced to Hawaii. It is not native and it is not endemic. B. Incorrect. Rats are not endemic. They were introduced and many of them make for problems in the environment of Hawaii. *C. Correct. The pueo is endemic to Hawaii. They are only found in Hawaii. D. Incorrect. Cows are not from Hawaii. They are found all over the world. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land animal:

A. Horses live in Hawaii, but theyre not native. People brought 25

them to the islands.

B. Chameleons live in Hawaii and like to live in the forest. Some people have them as pets. Theyre not native to Hawaii.

C. Coqui frogs live on some of the Hawaiian Islands but are not from Hawaii. Theyre native to Puerto Rico.

D.

Nene or Hawaiian Nene Goose is considered flightless and lives on land. It is native to Hawaii and has relatives in other areas of the world. However, they are only found in Hawaii.

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SKILL: Classify endemic plants and animals. OBJECTIVE: Given pictures of a variety of plant and animals, the student will be able to classify four endemic animals and four endemic plants with 100% accuracy.

#6

CONTENT PRESENTATION Information Presentation: Did you learn a lot about the plants and animals that live in Hawaii during your imaginary field trips? Hawaii is definitely a unique place isnt it? Its actually the most isolated group of islands in the world being more than 2000 miles away from other islands or even continents. Remember that endemic plants and animals in Hawaii only can be found in Hawaii and no place else. They arrived in Hawaii naturally, by wind, waves, or wings and with no human assistance. These plants and animals adapted over time to live and survive in Hawaiis unique environment thus becoming the endemic plants and animals of Hawaii. Lets put everything we have learned together and use our skills to pick out both plants and animals that are endemic to Hawaii. Examples:

The mao hau hele or yellow hibiscus is an example of an endemic plant of Hawaii. The mao hau hele can only be found in Hawaii. Non-Examples:

The Hawaiian monk seal is an example of an endemic animal of Hawaii. These seals can only be found in Hawaii.

The mongoose is a non-example of an endemic animal. They were brought to Hawaii by the government in hopes they would help control the rat population. Mongooses are found in many parts of the world. 27

The Umbrella tree or Octopus plant is a non-example of an endemic plant. It is considered an invasive plant in Hawaii and can be found in many places around the world. Pretest & Which of the following pairs of plants and animals correctly Embedded: classifies an endemic plant and animal of Hawaii?

A. Miconia

and Dog

B. Palapalai (Fern)

and Humpback Whale

C. White Ginger

and Saddle Wrass

D. Feedback

and

Nene Goose Yellow Hibiscus A. Incorrect. Both are not endemic to Hawaii. They both can found in many places around the world. B. Incorrect. Both are not endemic to Hawaii. Palapalai can be found in other places around the world. Humpback whales are migratory so they are indigenous to Hawaii. 28

Posttest

C. Incorrect. The pair do not match. The White Ginger flowers are not endemic to Hawaii. They can be found in other places around the world. The Saddle Wrasse is endemic to Hawaii. They can only be found in Hawaii. *D. Correct. Both are endemic to Hawaii. The yellow hibiscus and Nene Goose are endemic plants and animals of Hawaii. They both are native to Hawaii and can be only found there. Classify the plants and animals found in Hawaii into endemic and non-endemic. Place the pictures into the chart. Hint: There is four of each. Endemic Plants and Animals Non-Endemic Plants and Animals

Plants found in Hawaii:

Animals found in Hawaii:

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Pre-instructional, Assessment, and Follow-Through Activities

PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES Motivation: (Gagnes Event #1) Who here likes animals? What kinds of animals live in Hawaii? Who here makes leis? Are the flowers that you use actually native Hawaiian flowers or are they from plants that were brought here by others? If you remember from last week, we talked about where Hawaii is on a map. Hawaii is a very isolated place in the middle of the ocean. What ocean is it? Right, the Pacific Ocean. We also talked about how plants and animals came to Hawaii naturally on wind, wings (birds), or waves. You now can differentiate between what is native and non-native in Hawaii. Can anyone give us a little reminder about that? Right, native is something that occurs in a place naturally. Non-native is when it was helped by humans to get to a place. Today, we have a really fun topic that expands your knowledge. We are going to talk about plants and animals that are native to Hawaii, meaning they arrived to Hawaii naturally, but theres something else thats really special about some of them. Can anyone guess? Well, some plants and animals are only found in one place in the entire world. And, yes, the one place well be talking about is here...our island home, Hawaii! Objectives: (Gagnes Event #2, #3, #4 & #5) The instructional goal of this project is that Grade 4 students will learn to differentiate between the concepts of endemic, indigenous, and introduced plants and animals living in Hawaii. (#2) Recall will be stimulated by asking students to discuss what they already know about plants and animals living in Hawaii. (#3) The stimulus will be presented by showing students vibrant pictures of plants and animals living in Hawaii. (#4) Students will be provided with: (#5) An information sheet on how plants and animals dispersed to Hawaii. Pictures and descriptions of plants and animals living in Hawaii. Books on identifying Hawaii plants and animals. A worksheet and a rubric for their culminating project.

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ASSESSMENT Pretest: (Gagnes Event #6 & #7) Grade 4 students will be given a multiple-choice test to see what knowledge they posses about plants and animals before starting the module. Practice Tests: (Gagnes Event #6 & #7) Practice test items will be included after each information section on each skill to insure that learners are progressing. Multiple-choice, paper and paper tests with pictures and descriptions of plants and animals will be provided so learners will be able to see and read about each plant and animal. Posttest: (Gagnes Event #7 & #8) A paper and pencil multiple-choice test will be given to learners after each cluster in the module to insure each students understanding of the concepts presented. At times in the module, students will be assessed in hands on way, which would include giving pictures of plants and animals to the students, and they will have to categorize those pictures by the concepts they are learning. FOLLOW-THROUGH ACTIVITIES Memory Aids: (Gagnes Event #5) Laminated 8 x 10 photos will be used in the lesson and will be available for students to reference anytime they would like to review or when making their own plant or animal. Identification books on plants of Hawaii and animals of Hawaii will be available in class for students to read and peruse. During computer time, students will have a task to find examples of plants and animals of Hawaii to review. Transfer: (Gagnes Event #9) To transfer this new knowledge, students will be asked to do a culminating project where they create their own plant or animal that is endemic, indigenous, or introduced. The new plant or animal that the student create must have a back story about how it arrived to Hawaii, what distinguishing features have helped it adapt to this environment, and if it is endemic, indigenous, or introduced. After they have their paper plan, students will be given craft materials such as clay, construction paper, googly eyes, markers, tape, scissors, glue, pipe cleaners, puffy balls, etc. to make a three dimensional model of their plant or animal. After they are finished with the project, they will present their created plant or animal with a short speech about it using prompts from the worksheet.

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