HOLOHOLO HAWAII

A Field Trip to Explore Endemic Plants and Animals of Hawaii for Fourth Graders (ages 8-10)
ETEC 613 Annette Ahuna, Kelley Dudoit & Wendy Laros

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: Define Endemic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1 - Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1 - Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Endemic Plants of Hawaii
Part I: Exploring Plants Near the Beach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 4 5 6

8 Lesson 2: Part I Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Lesson 2: Part I Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Lesson 2: Part II Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Lesson 2: Part II Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Part II: Exploring Plants Upland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Lesson 3: Endemic Animals

Part I: Endemic Animals in the Ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Lesson 3, Part I Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Lesson 3, Part I Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Part II: Endemic Animals on Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Lesson 3, Part II Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Lesson 3, Part II Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Lesson 4: Endemic Plants and Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Lesson 4 Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Lesson 4 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Final Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Final Test Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Introduction

Do you like animals? What kinds of animals live in Hawaii? Do you like to climb trees? Have you ever climbed a Koa Tree? If you remember from our last lesson, we talked about where Hawaii is located on a map. Hawaii is very isolated out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. We also found out how plants and animals came to Hawaii naturally by wind, wings, or waves. You can now differentiate between what is native and nonnative in Hawaii. Remember, native means that something occurs in a place naturally. Non-native is when something was helped by humans to get to a place.

Hawaiian Monk Seal only found in Hawaii

Today, we have a really fun topic that expands your knowledge. Were going to talk about plants and animals that are native to Hawaii, but theres something else thats really Koa Tree Endemic to Hawaii special about them. Can you guess? These plants and animals are only found in Hawaii. If a plant or animal is native and found in only one certain place and that place only, its called endemic. Were going to take an imaginary field trip around the islands. As we go holoholo around Hawaii together observing plants and animals, we will highlight those that can only be found in our unique home. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to determine which plants and animals are endemic and which are not. As residents, we have a kuleana to learn about these plants and animals and take special care of them so that they can continue to live in the islands for generations to come. So please join us on this Holoholo Hawaii adventure. Along the way you will have the chance to earn shakas as you successfully complete each lesson. Earn all four shakas to be considered an expert on classifying endemic plants and animals in Hawaii.

Ready, lets go holoholo!

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII

Lesson 1: Define Endemic

The word endemic refers to something as being native and belonging to a certain place and that place only. The word endemic is used to describe a species of animal or plant. Endemic species are found in isolated places, such as islands and deserts. The islands that make up Hawaii are very isolated from other islands or land areas. Because of this, Hawaii has many endemic plants and animals. So, remember that endemic plants and animals belong to a certain place and that place only. Examples:

The silversword or hinahina is found only on Maui and Hawaii Island. These plants are not found anywhere else in the world. They are endemic to Hawaii.

The Hawaiian stilt or ae`o is a slender wading bird that is found on all the major islands except for Kaho`olawe. These birds can only be found in Hawaii making them endemic. They are also endangered.

Non-Examples:

Bamboo is not an endemic plant. It is found in many places in the world.

The feral pig is a not an endemic animal. They were introduced to the United States and now exist in 45 states.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 1 - Practice Test

Which of the following defines the word endemic? Choose the answer that best finishes this sentence: Endemic plants and animals _____________________________________. A. belong to a certain place and that place only. B. are found in many different places. C. were brought to a place by humans. D. are not found in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 1 - Answer Key

The right answer is highlighted in yellow. Which of the following defines the word endemic? Choose the answer that best finishes this sentence: Endemic plants and animals A. belong to a certain place and that place only. B. are found in many different places. C. were brought to a place by humans. D. are not found in Hawaii. .

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII

Shaka! You can define the word endemic.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 2: Endemic Plants of Hawaii

Part I: Exploring Plants Near the Ocean Now that you understand the word endemic, lets take an imaginary trip to the beach to explore plants near the ocean and take what we know to pick out the ones that are endemic to Hawaii. Remember Hawaiian endemic plants are not only native, they can only be found in Hawaii. You guys ready? Lets go holoholo! Examples:

Hinahina is locally common on Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai. This plant can be used to create beautiful haku lei. It is a native species that can only be found in Hawaii.

The maiapilo is a native species that can be found only in Hawaii. The plant is known for its beautiful fragrant flowers.

Non-Examples

Akulikuli is plant found near the ocean. While it is native to Hawaii, it can also be found in other parts of the world.

`Ilima are commonly known as the flower that represents the island of Oahu. The flower can be sewn together to create beautiful lei. While this plant is native to Hawaii, it can also be found in other parts of the world.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 2: Part I Practice Test

1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic plant that lives near the ocean: A. Naupaka kahakai or Beach naupaka is a very common plant in Hawaii and can be found next to many beaches. This is a native species in Hawaii and can also be found in other parts of the world. B. Commonly used to make BBQs, the Kiawe tree was supposedly first introduced to Hawaii from Paris by a missionary. They can now be seen throughout Hawaii and close to many beaches. Be careful when you see them near the beach because this tree has thick thorns on them that can poke all the way through your slippers. Ouch! C. The `akia shrub normally grows around 3-4 feet tall and has small orange fruits. It is native to Hawaii and cannot be found in other parts of the world.

D. Mangrove is very common in Hawaii. They are a non-native species that pose a serious threat to the native ocean plants and animals in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 2 Part I: Answer Key

The right answer is highlighted in yellow. 1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic plant that lives near the ocean: A. Naupaka kahakai or beach naupaka is a very common plant in Hawaii and can be found next to many beaches. This is a native species in Hawaii and can also be found in other parts of the world. B. Commonly used to make BBQs, the Kiawe tree was supposedly first introduced to Hawaii from Paris by a missionary. They can now be seen throughout Hawaii and close to many beaches. Be careful when you see them near the beach because this tree has thick thorns on them that can poke all the way through your slippers. Ouch! C. The `akia shrub normally grows around 3-4 feet tall and has small orange fruits. It is native to Hawaii and cannot be found in other parts of the world.

D. Mangrove is very common in Hawaii. They are a non-native species that pose a serious threat to the native ocean plants and animals in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 2: Endemic Plants of Hawaii

Part II: Exploring Plants Upland Endemic plants not only exist near the ocean, but can also be found up mauka (further upland). How many of you have been to a forest before? Were all the plants you saw the same? No, Im sure you noticed many different plants. Now lets use our imagination once again and get on the bus to go up mauka to explore what kinds of plant life exist up there. Lets use what weve learned to pick out the ones that are endemic. Remember, Hawaiian endemic plants can only be found in Hawaii. Examples:

The haupu`u fern has large triangle shaped leaves and can grow up to 20 feet tall! Its common throughout Hawaii and can be found on most of the Hawaiian Islands. Its native to Hawaii and can only be found here.

The na`u is a native Hawaiian gardenia that naturally came to the Hawaiian islands and cannot be found anywhere else in the world. While they look like the Tahitian tiare plant, the na`u has a smaller flower. Non-Examples:

Waiwi or strawberry guava is a non-native species that can be found in many places throughout the world. This plant is a threat to native plants. This plant is a non-example of an endemic plant.

Wawaeiole means rat feet. As you can see from the photo, this type of fern looks like just that. This fern is a native species that is found in many other places in the world. This is a non-example of an endemic plant.
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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 2 Part II: Practice Test

1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic plant that lives upland: A. The Koa tree is prized for its beautiful wood. The overharvesting of the wood in old Hawaii almost depleted the natural supply. Many conservation agencies have focused on planting Koa in our forests because it is native to the Hawaiian Islands and cannot be found anywhere else in the world.

B. White ginger is known for its beautifully fragrant or ono smelling flowers. The flowers can be sewn into beautiful lei. While this is a commonly known flower in Hawaii, it is nonnative.

C. Palapalai is a fern commonly used by hula dancers. It is a strong fern that can be braided together to make haku lei. It is a native plant in Hawaii that can also be found in other parts of the world.

D. The Christmas berry plant threatens the life of many native species in forest areas. While it is pretty to use, especially as Christmas decorations, it is a danger in our natural forests. It is not native to Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 2: Part II: Answer Key

The right answer is highlighted in yellow. 1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic plant that lives upland: A. The Koa tree is prized for its beautiful wood. The overharvesting of the wood in old Hawaii almost depleted the natural supply. Many conservation agencies have focused on planting Koa in our forests because it is native to the Hawaiian Hawaiian Islands and cannot be found anywhere else in the world. B. White ginger is known for its beautifully fragrant or ono smelling flowers. The flowers can be sewn into beautiful lei. While this is a commonly known flower in Hawaii, its non-native.

C. Palapalai is a fern commonly used by hula dancers. It is a strong fern that can be braided together to make haku lei. Its a native plant in Hawaii that can also be found in other parts of the world.

D. The Christmas berry plant threatens the life of many native species in forest areas. While it is pretty to use, especially as Christmas decorations, it is a danger in our natural forests. It is not native to Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII

Shaka! You can define the word endemic.

Shaka! You can identify endemic plants in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 3: Endemic Animals

Part I: Endemic Animals in the Ocean So, are you getting the hang of it? First, we talked about what endemic means. The word endemic refers to something as being native and belonging to a certain place and that place only. Second, we talked about endemic plants near the ocean and in the forests of Hawaii. Next, we are going to talk about a favorite subject for many of us animals that live in the ocean! Are there endemic animals in Hawaiian waters? Lets go holoholo and find out! Examples: The Hawaiian monk seal or `ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua is native to the Hawaiian Islands. They are the only endemic marine mammal of Hawaii and can only be found in Hawaii.

Bluestripe butterflyfish or kikakapu has bright blue lines with one black dot on its forehead and a larger one near its tail. This fish is endemic and can only be found in Hawaii.

Non-Examples: In Hawaii, Spinner dolphins or nai`a are about 5 to 7 feet long with a three tone coloration on their bodies. They swim in family groups called pods and like to eat fish. Spinner dolphins are native to Hawaii, but theyre found in other areas in the worlds oceans. The Raccoon butterflyfish or kikakapu is called raccoon because the black mask across the eyes resembles the black mask across the eyes of a North American land animal called a raccoon. These fish are very common in Hawaii and they are native, but not endemic. They are found in other places in the Indian and Pacific oceans.
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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 3 Part I: Practice Test

1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic ocean animal.

A. Humpback whales or kohola come to the warm waters of Hawaii in the winter to mate and have babies. They live in Alaska during the summer to feed.

B. The Saddle wrasse or hinalea lauwili is known for its red saddle. The family of fish known as wrasse is found in many parts of the world, but this type of wrasse with the blue face, red saddle, and green body is only found in the Hawaiian Islands.

C. The Moorish idol or kihikihi is a reef fish that is native to Hawaii. They also occur naturally on other reefs all over the world.

D. Bluestripe snapper or ta`ape is a Tahitian word. These fish are from Tahiti and were introduced by humans to the Hawaiian Islands in the 1950s.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 3: Part I - Answer Key

The right answer is highlighted in yellow. 1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic ocean animal.

A. Humpback whales or kohola come to the warm waters of Hawaii in the winter to mate and have babies. They live in Alaska during the summer to feed.

B. Saddle wrasse or hinalea lauwili is known for its red saddle. The family of fish known as wrasse is found in many parts of the world, but this type of wrasse with the blue face, red saddle, and green body is only found in the Hawaiian Islands.

C. The Moorish idol or kihikihi is a reef fish that is native to Hawaii. They also occur naturally on other reefs all over the world.

D. Bluestripe snapper or ta`ape is a Tahitian word. These fish are from Tahiti and were introduced by humans to the Hawaiian Islands in the 1950s.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 3: Endemic Animals

Part II: Endemic Animals on Land Now that we learned about the animals that live in the ocean, lets talk about the animals that live on the land in Hawaii. We have a lot of animals on land in Hawaii dogs, cats, cows, horses, and even pigs. Are any of these animals that we see all of the time endemic to Hawaii? Remember, Hawaiian endemic animals can only be found in Hawaii. Lets go holoholo and see what we can find! Examples:

The Hawaiian hoary bat or pe`ape`a is the only land mammal that is native to Hawaii. It is only found in Hawaii so it is endemic to Hawaii.

Nene or Hawaiian nene goose is considered flightless and lives on land. Its native to Hawaii and has relatives in other areas of the world, but its unique to Hawaii. The Nene is only found in Hawaii so it is endemic to Hawaii.

Non-Examples:

Cats live in Hawaii, but they also live all over the world. Cats are not endemic animals.

Dogs live in Hawaii, but humans brought them to the islands. They are not native nor are they endemic.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 3 Part II: Practice Test

1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land animal:

A. Mongoose was brought to Hawaii by people. The people brought them here to kill the rats, but it didnt work.

B. Rats live in Hawaii, but they also live all over the world.

C. The Short-Eared Owl or pue`o lives in forests and grasslands in the Hawaiian Islands. This bird only lives in Hawaii and nowhere else.

D. Cows live in Hawaii, but people brought them to the islands. They are also found all over the world.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 3 Part II: Answer Key

The right answer is highlighted in yellow. 1. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land animal:

A. The mongoose was brought to Hawaii by people. The people brought them here to kill the rats, but it didnt work.

B. Rats live in Hawaii, but they also live all over the world.

C. The Short-Eared Owl or pue`o lives in forests and grasslands in the Hawaiian Islands. This bird only lives in Hawaii and nowhere else.

D. Cows live in Hawaii, but people brought them to the islands. They are also found all over the world.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII

Shaka! You can define the word endemic.

Shaka! You can identify endemic plants in Hawaii.

Shaka! You can identify endemic animals in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 4: Endemic Plants and Animals

Did you learn a lot about the plants and animals that live in Hawaii during your imaginary field trips? Hawaii is definitely a unique place isnt it? Its actually the most isolated group of islands in the world being more than 2000 miles away from other islands or even continents. Remember that endemic plants and animals in Hawaii only can be found in Hawaii and no place else. They arrived in Hawaii naturally, by wind, waves, or wings and with no human assistance. These plants and animals adapted over time to live and survive in Hawaiis unique environment thus becoming the endemic plants and animals of Hawaii. Lets put everything we have learned together and use our skills to pick out both plants and animals that are endemic to Hawaii. Examples:

The ma`o hau hele or Yellow Hibiscus is an example of an endemic plant of Hawaii. The mao hau hele can only be found in Hawaii.

The Hawaiian Monk Seal is an example of an endemic animal of Hawaii. These seals can only be found in Hawaii.

Non-Examples:

The Umbrella Tree or Octopus plant is a non-example of an endemic plant. It is considered an invasive plant in Hawaii and can be found in many places around the world.

The mongoose is a non-example of an endemic animal. They were brought to Hawaii by the government in hopes they would help control the rat population. Mongooses are found in many parts of the world.
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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 4: Practice Test

Which pair of a plant and an animal correctly classifies an endemic plant and animal of Hawaii?

A.
and

Christmas Berry

Dog

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B.
and

Palapalai, Fern

Humpback Whale

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C.
and

White Ginger

Moorish Idol

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D.

and

Silversword

Hawaiian Hoary Bat

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Lesson 4: Answer Key

Which of the following pairs of plants and animals correctly classifies an endemic plant and animal of Hawaii? The right answer is highlighted in yellow.

A.
and

Christmas Berry

Dog

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B.
and

Palapalai, Fern

Humpback Whale

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C.
and

White Ginger

Moorish Idol

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D.

and

Silversword

Hawaiian Hoary Bat

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Final Test Please answer the following questions: 1. Plants and animals that are endemic
A. are found in many different places. B. are only found in one place. C. were brought to a place by humans. D. live only in Hawaii.

2. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic plant that lives near the ocean:
A. The hala tree can be found next to many beaches in Hawaii. Its leaves are commonly used for weaving things such as jewelry and baskets. This plant can also be found in other parts of Polynesia.

B. Akiaki grass grows well near the salt water. It is a native species to Hawaii and can also be found on beaches in other parts of the world.

C. The lantana brush feature pretty bunches of small colorful flowers. However, dont be fooled by its beauty. It also has tons of tiny thorns that will scratch you when walking through the plant. It is a non-native plant.

D. The koko shrub has pretty reddish leaves and can be found on beaches on most of the Hawaiian islands. It is known for having flowers that have a smell similar to stinky breath. It is only found in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII 3. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land plant:
A. Miconia is one of the most dangerous introduced plants in Hawaii. It can be found in wet areas and in some instances can grow up to 50 feet tall. It is non-native.

B. Ukiuki grass can be found in forests in Hawaii and in other places in the world. If plucked, the base of the grass can be eaten. The taste can be compared to artichoke leaves.

C. Pua a`alii by Hookena is a popular Hawaiian song that talks about the aalii blossom pictured above. The aalii can adapt to both dry coastal areas and in forest areas. It can also be found in Hawaii and other places.

D. The ohelo plant has berries that are red, orange or yellow. The berries can be plucked and eaten fresh, or they can be used to make jellies or jams. The ohelo is native and can only be found in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII 4. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic ocean animal:
A. Hawaiian Cleaner wrasse is a reef fish known for cleaning other fish and marine animals. They set up known locations called cleaning stations where other fish will line up waiting for their turn to be cleaned. These fish are brightly colored with a yellow head and purple tail. They are only found in Hawaii.

B. Parrotfish are brightly colored fish with teeth that are more like a beak so they resemble a parrot. Parrotfish are native to Hawaii, but they are also found in many other oceans in the world.

C. Manta rays or hahalua are found in Hawaiian waters, but they also live in many other oceans in the world.

D. Green Sea turtle or honu get their name from the green algae on their bodies. Like all sea turtles, green sea turtles are endangered. They are native to Hawaii, but Green Sea Turtles live in other areas of the world also.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII 5. From the pictures and descriptions below, identify the endemic land animal:

A. Horses live in Hawaii, but theyre not native. People brought them to the islands.

B. Chameleons live in Hawaii and like to live in the forest. Some people have them as pets. Theyre not native to Hawaii.

C. Coqui frogs live on some of the Hawaiian Islands but are not from Hawaii. Theyre native to Puerto Rico.

D. Nene or Hawaiian Nene Goose is considered flightless and lives on land. It is native to Hawaii and has relatives in other areas of the world. However, they are only found in Hawaii.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII 6. Use the two areas below to classify the plants and animals found in Hawaii into endemic and not endemic. Cut out the pictures on the next page and then glue the pictures onto the chart. Clue: There are four pictures of plants on each side and four pictures of animals on each side.
Endemic Plants and Animals Plants and Animals that are NOT endemic

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Here are the plants and animals of Hawaii for you to classify. Cut these pictures out and glue them onto the sheet with the two columns.

ma`o hau hele Yellow Hibiscus

`Ohelo

Wawaeiole rat feet

`Ilima

Christmas Berry

Koa

Na`u Hawaiian Gardenia

Bamboo

Dog

Hawaiian Monk Seal

Rat

Nene Goose

Pue`o

Cat

Saddle Wrasse Hina lea

Humpback Whale

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII Post Test Answer Key 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. See Below

Endemic Plants and Animals

Non-Endemic Plants and Animals

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII

Shaka! You can define the word endemic.

Shaka! You can identify endemic plants in Hawaii.

Shaka! You can identify endemic animals in Hawaii.

Shaka! You put it all together and are able to classify endemic plants and animals.

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HOLOHOLO HAWAII

More fun stuff to do!

Heres more fun stuff you can do to learn about Hawaiis endemic plants and animals: Ask your teacher if you can use the laminated photo cards of Hawaiis plants and animals. Pick out the endemic ones. Look in books for more plants or animals. Find other examples of endemic plants and animals of Hawaii. During computer time, go on the Internet and find one new example of an endemic plant and one new example of endemic animal of Hawaii that was not covered in this lesson. Choose a favorite endemic plant or animal from the photo cards, books, or the Internet, then: o Draw and color your favorite plant or animal on a sheet of paper. o Put the name of the plant or animal on the sheet. o Put your name on the sheet. o Share it with the class. ---------------------------------------------------

Mahalo for joining us on our Holoholo Hawaii adventure!

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