FUERZA TERRESTRE UNIDAD EDUCATIVA MILITAR TNTE HUGO ORTIZ GARCS PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT WORKSHOP

First Baccalaureate A

Structure of past simple positive I arrived yesterday. You arrived yesterday. He/she/it arrived. We arrived. They arrived. negative I didn't (did not) arrive. You didn't (did not) arrive. He/she/it didn't arrive. We didn't arrive. They didn't arrive. question Did I arrive yesterday? Did you arrive? Did he/she/it arrive? Did we arrive? Did they arrive?

Structure of present perfect simple positive I've (I have) seen him. You've done it. We've been there. They've eaten it. He's (he has) gone. She's (she has) gone. It's (it has) gone. negative I haven't (have not) seen him. You haven't done it. We haven't been there. They haven't eaten it. He hasn't (has not) gone. She hasn't gone. It hasn't gone.
USES

question Have I seen him? Have you seen her? Have we finished it? Have they been there? Has he been here? Has she finished? Has it gone?

Past simple The past simple is used to talk about actions in the past that have finished. It talks about 'then' and definitely excludes 'now'.

Present perfect The present perfect simple to look back on actions in the past from the present. It always includes 'now'.

These sentences are in the past with no connection Now look at these same situations seen from the to the present. present. I first got to know him 10 years ago. I started work here in 1989. I had too much to eat at lunchtime. Emphasis on action I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.) I've known him for 10 years. I've worked here since 1987. My stomach hurts. I've eaten too much. Emphasis on result I have bought a new bike. (This sentence expresses that I have a new bike now.)

The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished. I saw three movies last week. (Last week has finished. The simple past is used when giving older information. Martin crashed his car last year. (This is old information.)

The present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished. I have seen three movies this week. (This week has not finished yet.) The present perfect is often used when giving recent news. Martin has crashed his car again. (This is new information.) The present perfect is used when the time is not specific I have already seen that movie . (We don't know when.)

The simple past is used when the time is clear. I saw that movie on Thursday (We know exactly when.)

TIME EXPRESSIONS / SIGNAL WORD

PAST SIMPLE Yesterday We spoke to him yesterday. Ago He came in a few moments ago. last year/ month/week We made our last purchase from them over a year ago in 1999 She joined the company in 1999 the other day

PRESENT PERFECT Never I've never seen so many people here before. Ever Have you ever been more surprised? Since I've done a lot since we last talked about it. just I have just phoned Mary. already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently For

In British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important. In American English, you can normally use Simple Past instead of Present Perfect. We cannot accept this in our exercises, however, as this would lead to confusions amongst those who have to learn the differences. Typical time expressions used with the present perfect in British English but often used with the past simple in American English are 'already', 'just', 'yet'.

I haven't done it yet. (UK) I didn't do it yet. (US) I've just done it. (UK) I just did it. (US) I've already done it. (UK) I already did it. (US)

EXERCISES
A. Fill in the blanks with the past simple or present perfect of the verbs in brackets: 1. Mary (never/ go) to Paris, so shes very excited about her journey. 2. McDonalds (open) a new restaurant near my house, but I (not/ go) there yet. 3. My father (give up) smoking two years ago and he (not/ smoke) a cigarette since then. 4. Its ten years since I last (see) Jim. 5. She (live) in Rome for ten years, but she (not/ return) there since she (move) to Florence. 6. I need the car, Sue. Where (you/ park) it? 7. The postman (just/ deliver) the letters. Here you are, Sam! 8. I (learn) to drive when I (be) 20, but I (never/ enjoy) driving. 9. It (rain) since this morning. 10. Mum (buy) a new type of cheese. Do you want to taste it? 11. Luke (not/ ride) a motorbike since his accident. 12. I suppose you (not forget) that were meeting Terry tonight, ? 13. My mother (work) as a teacher until 2009, but since last year she (be) a cook. Shes happier now. 14. It (be) very hard to get used to living in a village after having lived in a big city for years. 15. I (not/ hear) much of Tom lately. 16. What time (you/ go) to the gym yesterday? I (not/ see) you. 17. Have a look at the hotel we (choose) for this summer holiday. 18. (Jim/ tell) you about his new girlfriend yet? B. Circle the correct option a, b OR c 1) The boy ________(spill) the water on the carpet. It is still wet. a. has spilled b. spilled c. have spilled 2) I _________(be) to Russia once ;however, I _____ (not/see) Kremlin Palace when I ______(be) there. a. has been to/ didnt see / was b. was/ havent seen / was c. was/ havent seen / didnt was 3) I _________(have) enough! I will quit my job tomorrow! a. had b. has had c. have had 4) The weather ________(not/be) nice yesterday. It_______(be) rainy and cold. a. has been / has been b. wasnt / was c. hasnt been / was

5) It ________(be) a busy and tiring week for all of us, now we deserve a great weekend! a. have been b. was c. has been 6) Melisa _________(not/come) home early last night because her car __________(break down) and she ________(have to/wait) for the car service to arrive. a. didnt come /broke down / had to wait b. havent come /broke down / had to wait

c. havent come / has broken down / had to wait 7) Jill ____________(just/graduate) from college and now she is looking for a suitable job. a. graduated b. just has graduated c. has just graduated 8) __________ you _________(cook) your famous chocolate cake? It smells wonderful here! a. Did you cooked b. Have you cooked c. Have you cook 9) The friends __________(argue) the last time they __________(meet). a. argued / met b. have argued / met c. argued / have met 10) I __________(never/watch) The Lord of the Rings series. I ___________(read) the books last year ,though. a. have never watched / read b. have never watched / have read c. watched / read 11) Cathy _____________(spend) all her life for her family and she is proud of it. a. has spend b. spent c. has spent 12) A: When is the last train to London? B: I am sorry! It ____________(already/leave). a. already has left b. left c. has already left 13) The old couple _________(be) married for almost thirty years. a. were b. have been c. been 14) My niece ___________(grow) into a beautiful young lady since I last _________(see) her. a. grew / saw b. has grown / has seen c. has grown / saw 15) Irem ___________(just/eat) her dinner, now she is waiting for her dessert to be served. a. has just ate b. has just eaten c. ate 16) Charlie _____________(not/go) on a vacation for a year. a. hasnt gone b. gone c. went 17) I am still looking for my bag in the house. I ____________(not/find) it yet. a. have found b. found c. havent found 18) We __________(not/buy) a new tree since last Christmas. a. have found b. found c. havent found 19) __________ Jack _______(take) a shower yet? a. Did Jack taken b. Has Jack took c. Has Jack taken 20) I ___________(not/play) tennis since I last ________ (hurt) my leg in the match. a. played / hurt b. havent played / hurt c. havent played / have hurt

C. Each of the sentences below has a mistake. Find it and correct it. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. I live in a house I have bought 7 years ago. The man who lives next door wrote four books about his travels. I have been listening to the recording several times today. Did you ever taste a cereal called quinoa? How many new words did you note down so far in this lesson? Caroline has been visiting Hong Kong five times already. Ive seen that programme on television last night How many times have you been asking for an explanation? My English improved a lot this year. In her previous job, Julie has spoken English a lot. Jack has worked here between 1996 and 1999. How many times did you go to the theatre this year? How long ago has Emma taken up golf? When I was 6 years old, I have got a bicycle for Christmas. So far I didnt make too many mistakes. Tony is still watching TV. He has watched it for 3 hours. I hate red meat. Since I was a child I have been hating it. How long have you attended these classes? There is no lesson today. The teacher has been on holiday. I can relax now. I finished this exercise!

D. Insert for or since

1. a) It was her 78th birthday last year, and .................. then she has stopped baking all the cakes
herself. b) Shes been baking cakes .................. years.

2. a) Its three years .................. I did any skating.

b) I havent done any skating .................. three years.

3. a) I havent had a good talk ................ we met.

b) Weve always talked ............... hours.

4. a) They havent had a holiday ................. years.

b) They have worked in the same office ............. 1999. E. Complete the following articles with the correct form of the verb in past simple or present perfect. London_______________________(to have) an underground system since the 19th century. The London underground _______________________ (to start) in 1863, when workers and engineers_______________________ (to build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line_______________________ (to go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station, and steam engines_______________________ (to pull) the carriages. Eleven more lines_______________________ (to open) since then. The world's first underground electric railway_______________________ (to open) in 1890. This line_______________________ (to go) from the City of London to Stock well. The most modern line is the Jubilee line, which_______________________ (to open) in 1979. Since the London Underground_______________________ (to begin), many other cities, like New York and Paris, _______________________ (to build) their own systems.

Have you ever had malaria? If you have, the chances are that you (get) ___________________ the disease in a hot country. Malaria is most common in tropical countries, especially those with wet and humid climates, where the mosquitoes which carry the disease can flourish. However, recently, malaria (become) ___________________ more common in Canada. According to a recent report, over 1000 people (contract) ___________________ the disease in Canada in1997 and the number (rise) ___________________ every year since 1994. This is an alarming trend. W h y i s t h e i n c i d e n c e o f m a l a r i a r i s i n g t h e r e ? T h e a n s w e r i s t r a v e l . M o r e a n d m o r e Canadians travel abroad every year, and some of them catch malaria. However, when a Toronto woman (become) ___________________ sick last year, her doctor (discover) ___________________ that she (never travel) ___________________ abroad in her life. She must have been bitten by a mosquito which (get) ___________________the disease from another sick Canadian

Miss Viviana Alvarado