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Abstract
The idea of different rocks give different chemical reflection to
236
MALILI
Aliran airtanah
regional
0
Endapan aluvial
200
m
Batuan ultrabasa
35
0
30
25
0
0
20
150
10
0
0
Figure 9.33 Geological map and stratigraphic units of the study area
(Simanjuntak, 1991)
238
239
PREFIELD
SURVEY
REVIEW
REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL
CONDITION
FIELD OBSERVATION
FIELD
SURVEY
GEOLOGICAL
CONDITION
Observation on:
Soil, rock exposures
Sampling of:
Soil
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Major elements
Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K-, Cl-, SO42-,
HCO3Trace elements
Cr+, Co+, Ni+, As+, Zn2+, CN-
POSTFIELD
SURVEY
Results:
The local recharge-discharge system of
groundwater
The origin of trace elements contents on
groundwater
240
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.14 - 0.332
0.03 0.189
0.001 0.02
0.01
0.018 0.06
0.01
Concentration (mg/l)
700 1600
160 200
1056 2200
0.2 1
24.3 50.9
241
Value
Groundwater
River water
Rain water
Temperature (oC)
pH
Conductivity (S/cm)
Chemical properties
(Major
elements)
(meq/l)
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na+
K+
HCO3ClSO42CO3-
24 32,800
5,69 10,120
6 39
26
7,8 8,0
212 285
22
6.8
0.6
0,08 9,30
1,96 5,96
6,90 0,11
0,004 0,02
0,07 3,26
0,11 0,19
0,07 0,08
0,39 0,80
0,01 0,06
0,44 0,49
0
0 0,02
0,04
0,01
0,01
0,01 0,04
0,001
0,40
0,10
0,005
0,04
0,05
0,01
0,01
9.17.5. ANALYSIS
The data shows that the physical and chemical properties of
groundwater is similar to rain water. The condition is clearly proved by
Piper plot illustrating bicarbonate type groundwater and rain water
(Figure 9.35). The low conductivity shows low to moderate
mineralization process and fast contact time between groundwater and
the aquifer (Matthess, 1981; Freeze dan Cherry, 1979; Puradimaja,
1992). All the similar properties between the groundwater and rain
water data demonstrates that the groundwater in the area is part of
242
Olivine ([Mg,Fe]2SiO4)
243
10
0
100
G ro u n d w a te r
R iv e r w a t e r
SO
+ C
l
g
+ M
Ca
R a in w a te r
26
100
Mg
SO
+ K
Na
+ H
CO
100
10
0
1
CO
10
10
10
C l
C a
244
Effective Rainfall
Dug
well
Lapisan
Impermeabel
Infiltration
2m
Residual Soil
Water table
Ground
water
movement
Sari
Kompleks Mataair Zweembat di Kota Sabang-Nangroe Aceh
246
Abstract
The Zweembat spring complex, which is located in Sabang-
Nangroe Aceh Darussalam, is one of the main water source for the area,
consist of two groups: PDAM spring complex and TNI-AL spring
complex.
The TNI-AL spring group is a group of contact spring, with
water discharge varied between 27 l/sec to 35l/sec. The water source is
from Aneuk Laot lake, which flows rapidly through free aquifer of Tuf
Crystal and Tuf Lithic. This condition is indicated by the Deuterium
deviation of 30 and Oxygen-18 of 3 forming surface water
evaporation line; low bicarbonate ion (2,28-2,67 meq/l) and no trace of
sulphate ion.
The PDAM spring group is a group of depression springs with
10 l/sec of total discharge which originated from rain water recharge.
The water then flows slowly through free aquifer of Tuf Crystal and
Tuf Lithic, as shown by the data plots adjacent to meteoric water line
with Deuterium deviation 40 and Oxygen-18 7 . The water is
influenced by CO2 and SO2 gas emission from subsurface through
buried reverse fault, as indicated by high bicarbonate ion (4,65-5,04
meq/l) and sulphate (0,1-0,25 meq/l).
Key word: Stable isotope tracer, Deuterium, Oxygen-18, CO2 and SO2
gas emission, Volcanic deposit aquifer system
247
248
249
1.
2.
AIR PADA
AKIFER SISTEM
ENDAPAN
VOLKANIK
PENDUGAAN
ASAL MULA
DAN ALIRAN
Jarak (x 10 meter)
Tenggara
Baratlaut
Lapisan
Impermeabel
Lapisan
250
H (Deuterium)
O (Oksigen-18)
18
Kelimpahan relatif
()
0,016
0,2
Jenis
Stabil
Stabil
18
SMOW
Rcontoh air
18
rasio
D/H
dan
18
O/16O
SMOW
pada
spektrometer massa
Untuk keperluan kalibrasi, digunakan standard IAEA yaitu SMOW
yang menetapkan nilai 18O dan D= 0,0
kandungan
isotop
sepanjang
aliran
airtanah
253
Hidrasi
silikat
Reaksi
dengan H2S
D
()
T rendah
Reaksi dengan
mineral batuan
Pada T tinggi
18O
()
Gambar 9.39 Penyimpangan komposisi isotop terhadap garis air
meteorik akibat berbagai proses (Domenico dan
Shcwartz, 1990)
254
Kedalaman
(m)
Litologi
BH-01
1-5
BH-02
5-10
10-15
15-20
1-5
Tanah
Pelapukan
Tuf batuapung
BH-03
5-10
10-15
15-20
20-25
25-30
1-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
Breksi Andesit
Tanah
Pelapukan
Tuf batuapung
Breksi Andesit
Tuf Kristal
Tanah
Pelapukan
Tuf batuapung
Breksi Andesit
257
Konduktivitas
hidrolik
(cm/det)
7,2 x 10-5
1,4 x 10-3
5,6 x 10-4
7,3 x 10-4
6,4 x 10-5
3,4 x 10-4
5,8 x 10-4
8,3 x 10-4
4,3 x 10-4
4,3 x 10-5
4,4 x 10-5
8,4 x 10-4
6,4 x 10-4
7,5 x 10-4
259
260
Gambar 9.42. Peta sebaran titik uji geolistrik dan pemboran inti
(Tim DPPW, 2001)
9.18.4.3.2 Uji Geolistrik
Uji geolistrik dilakukan pada dua titik pengukuran GL 01 dan
GL 03 dengan arah lintasan baratlaut tenggara, yaitu pada sisi timur
laut danau. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan kisaran nilai resistivitas
antara 0 sampai dengan lebih besar dari 1000 m (Gambar 9.43.).
Hasil pengukuran resistivitas setelah divalidasi pada data pemboran
diperoleh perlapisan Tuf Kristal (0 - 10 m), Tuf batuapung (10 - 50
m), Breksi Andesit (50 - 1000 m), Lava Andesit (> 1000 m).
Perlapisan yang teridentifikasi mempunyai kemiringan ke arah
tenggara. Walaupun menunjukkan urutan perlapisan yang mirip, namun
secara detail ditemui variasi perlapisan yang sangat beragam.
261
Lapisan
Impermea
bel
Lapisan
Impermeabel
262
R2 = 1
R2 = 0,93
Gambar 9.44 Lokasi pengambilan contoh air untuk analisis kimia air
dan isotop stabil
263
Parameter analisis
1 Natrium (Na )
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 T1 T2 T3 T4
0,36 0,43 0,44 0,35 0,3 0,29 0,51 0,3 0,38 0,45 0,4 0,42
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
0,66 0,64 0,64 0,66 0,82 0,77
R1
0,72
R2
0,75
2 Kalium (K-)
0,07 0,06 0,09 0,06 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,06 0,07 0,09 0,08 0,09
0,05
0,05
3 Kalsium (Ca2+)
4,37
3,73
0,34
1,11
5 Bikarbonat (HCO3-)
1,34 1,48 1,48 1,38 1,28 1,38 1,68 1,38 2,67 2,57 2,28 2,47
5,34
4,55
6 Klorida (Cl-)
0,2
0,15
0,33
7 Sulfat (SO42-)
0,04 0,01
0,1 0,17
0,25
0,24
Sifat fisik
8 TDS (mg/l)
9 DHL (S/cm) pd T25oC
357
454
357
453
4,79 -6,71 4,92 1,16 0,92 -2,42 -6,02 2,62 -4,75 6,95 2,26 -0,72
-2,32
4,83
4 Magnesium (Mg2+)
1 0,93
0,9 0,96
0 0,01 0,01
0,5
0 0,01 0,01
Kode
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
DI1
DI2
DI3
DI4
RI1
RI2
PI1
PI2
PI3
PI4
PI5
PI6
TI1
TI2
-12
-11
-10
18O () terhadap
SMOW
-3,55
-3,65
-3,20
-3,61
-6,61
-6,66
-6,90
-6,79
-6,70
-6,53
-6,73
-6,47
-3,72
-3,61
-9
-8
-7
-6
D () terhadap
SMOW
-24,30
-29,10
-24,60
-26,80
-42,90
-44,20
-45,50
-40,40
-44,00
-39,70
-39,10
-44,00
-27,20
-21,00
-5
-4
-3
-15
-25
Populasi Mataair
PDAM
D( )
-35
Populasi Mataair
TNI AL
Garis penguapan air
permuk aan
D = 5,43 O 18 - 6,23
R 2 = 0,93
-45
-55
-65
-75
-18
O( )
Contoh Air Danau
Gambar 9.46 Grafik hubungan D dan 18O yang berasal dari contoh
air: mataair, Danau Aneuk Laot, dan air hujan
10
Lapisan
Impermeabel
Lapisan
akifer
akifer
Gambar 9.47 Model relasi aliran air Danau Aneuk Laot menuju
kelompok Mataair TNI-AL yang dipengaruhi oleh
kondisi musim
9.18.6.. KESIMPULAN
Kelompok Mataair Zweembat terdiri atas kelompok Mataair
TNI-AL dan kelompok Mataair PDAM. Masing-masing kelompok
mataair memiliki asal mula dan aliran airtanah yang berbeda,
berdasarkan sifat kimia-fisika serta parameter isotop stabil Deuterium
dan Oksigen-18.
Populasi Mataair TNI-AL terletak menjauhi garis air meteorik
dengan simpangan konsentrasi Deuterium sebesar - 30 dan Oksigen18 sebesar 3 , yaitu berada pada garis penguapan air permukaan.
12
13
Abstract
In North of Ciremai volcano (3078 meters) - West Java,
14
15
17
Figure 9.49. Geological setting of the study area ( adapted from Djuri,
1995)
18
20
22
23
Locatio
n
Alt
(m)
Date
Temper
atur of
air
(0C0
Temper
atur of
water
(0C)
pH
DHL (
S)
Disc
harge
(l/sec
Hort spring
PSB 1
50
10 Sep 2001
31,6
35,5
)
0,1
Hort spring
PSB 2
50
10 Sep 2001
29,4
33,8
9300
0,1
Hort spring
PSB 1
50
29 Mar 2002
32
48
0,3
Hort spring
PSB 2
50
29 Mar 2002
32
49
12350
0,2
Hort spring
PSB 3
50
29 Mar 2002
32
50
0,4
Hort spring
PSB 4
50
29 Mar 2002
32
53
0,3
Hort spring
PSB 5
50
29 Mar 2002
32
41,5
0,15
Hort spring
PSB 6
50
29 Mar 2002
32
49
8960
0,1
Hort spring
PSB 7
50
5 apr 2002
30,5
58
14100
0,3
10
Hort spring
PSB 8
50
19 Apr 2002
29
54
0,2
11
Hort spring
PST 1
37,50
10 Sep 2001
31,8
38,2
17130
0,005
12
Hort spring
PST 2
37,5
10 Sep 2001
31,8
37
10730
0,005
13
Hort spring
PST 3
37,5
10 Sep 2001
14
Mood pool
100
11 Sep 2001
31,5
31,5
7490
15
Hot spring
Cipana
s
Bobos
150
11 Sep 2001
28
36,5
835
0,35
16
Hot spring
150
09 Oct 2001
29
37,2
1103
0,2
17
Hot spring
150
5 Apr 2002
29
36,5
0,2
18
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Kedon
dong
Kedon
dong
Tig
herang
Bojong
150
26 Sep 2001
28,6
32,2
108
175
26 Sep8 2001
29
24
118
Tig
Remis
Tig
Nilas
Tig
Cicere
m
Tig
Pancar
225
26 Sep 2001
30.8
21,4
133
187,5
26 Sep 2001
31,9
23,3
139
312,5
03 Oct 2001
26,7
22
137
400
03 Oct 2001
32
22,2
159
19
20
21
22
23
Normal
spring
24
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Normal
spring
Cikeja
yaan
Cibuja
ngga
Kedon
dong 1
Gunun
g Jaya
Kedon
dong 2
400
03 Oct 2001
26,3
21,8
146
437,5
03 Oct 2001
28,1
23,2
144
150
09 Oct 2001
30,7
28,3
165
0,25
250
10 Oct 2001
29
26,8
136
0,25
125
24 Mar 2002
29
27,5
128
0,5
9.19.6.2. Temperature
The temperature of hot springs is ranging from 31,5 to 58 0C
(see table 9.15). Such temperature is much higher compared to normal
springs, which is ranging from 21,4 to 28,30T.
From fig 9.52, analysis on 27 temperature data on 24 springs
and I mud pool shows 13 hot springs (17 observations) in hyperthermal
area (PSBI-8, PSTI-3, Bobos springs, and Kedondong Springs), 6
springs in mesothermal, and 5 springs in hypothermal area. PST and
PSB spring group of Kromong zone are located at north of Kromong
(50 masl-meter above sea level). Bobos spring and Kedondong spring
are located at southeast of Kromong (150 masl).
An interesting point is shown on one mud pool location, which
shows acid water (pH = 2) of sulfuric-gas mud pool, which located near
Kedondong village (southeast Kromong). The mud pool data is
classified as mesothermal water. This pool is occurring in clay or shale
of Kaliwangu formation.
25
26
29
18
O concentration from
normal spring water (-7,96). This result can be the important clue to the
hydrogeological setting.
30
Location
PSB 2
PSB 6
PSB 7
Kedondong
Kedondong -2
18 O (0/0)
-4,7
-5,37
-3,18
-7,42
-7,96
CL (meg/I)
97,62
77,67
113
0,3
0,1
Fig 9.55 shows the plots between 180 concentrations vs. chloride
concentration. The plots show a good correlation between the 2
parameters. This means that the enrichment of chloride have
relationship with enrichment of oxygen- 18 isotope.
31
18
O between 20
32
33
36
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
38
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Binnie & Partners, Peta Isohyet Observasi Curah Hujan RataRata Tahunan Propinsi Riau, 1981
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
36.
41