PSYCH REVIEWER SENSATION AND PERCEPTION 1.

Is the activation of a sense organ using physical energy that processes the receiving of stimulus from the external environment 2. These are meaningful sensory experiences that result after the brain combines hundreds of sensations 3. Is the sorting out, interpretation, analysis and integration of stimuli carried out by the sense organs and brain 4. Six of the major human senses 5. This is the study of the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experience of them 6. It refers to the process in which a sense organ changes or transforms physical energy into elec. Signals that become neural impulses which may be sent to the brain for processing 7. Refers to the decreasing response of the sense organ the more they are exposed to a continuous level of stimulation 8. Are specialized cells that detect and transmit stimulus information to sensory nerves and the brain 9. Sensory receptors (3) 10. Detection of light, perceived as sight 11. Detection of pressure, vibration and movement perceived as touch hearing and equilibrium 12. Detection of chemical stimuli detected as smell and taste 13. Is a complicated phenomenon 14. 3 aspects to the perception of light 15. Is determined by the amplitude of the wave, how high or how low the wave actually is 16. It is determined by the length of the wave 17. Long wavelength (color) 18. Short 19. It refers to the purity of the color people receive 20. The surface of the eye is covered in a clear membrane 21. It is the rounded transparent covering over the front of your eye 22. Clear watery fluid 23. This fluid is continually replenished and supplies nourishment to the eye 24. The light from the visual image then enters the interior of the eye through a hole 25. A round muscle 26. The colored part of the eye 27. Controls the amount of light entering the eye 28. Behind the iris, suspended by muscles is another clear structure 29. The flexible lens finishes the focusing process begun by the cornea and changes its shape from thick to thin in a process which allows the eye to focus on objects that are close or far away 30. Located at the very back of the eyeball 31. Is a thin film that contains cells that are extremely sensitive to light 32. Light sensitive cells 33. Are the business end of the retina 34. Are receptors of the retina that are sensitive to light but they are not very useful for color vision 35. Are receptors of the retina that we use for color perception 36. Occurs as the eye recovers its ability to see when going from a brightly lit state to a dark state 37. Is the recovery of the eyes sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness 38. This is the area in the retina where the axons of the three layers of retinal cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve, insensitive to light 39. The point where the optic nerve exits the eye has no receptors

40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82.

Theories of perception of color (2) This theory suggests that there are 3 kinds of cones in the retina 3 kinds of cones Acc. To this theory perception of color is influenced by the relative strength with which each of the three kinds of cones is activated Occur when the visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is no longer present The receptor cells are linked in pairs working in opposition with each other It is caused by defective cones in the retina of the eye Kinds of color blindness (2) People either have no cones or have cones that are not working at all People with this kind of color blindness either have red or green cones are not working They would see the world in blues yellow and shades of gray The process by which we identify from which a sound is coming Refers to the sounds intensity Is the subjective experience of a sound being high or low which the brain calculates from specific physical stimuli Is the unit to measure loudness How soft or loud a sound is Richness in the tone of the sound Cycles or waves per sound , a measurement of frequency Structure and functions of the ear (3) Outer ear consist of 3 structures The outer visible part of the ear that serve as kind of concentrator, funneling the sound waves from the outside into the structure of the ear Is also the entrance to the auditory canal Ear canal The short tunnel runs down to the tympanic membrane Ear drum Channels the sound through the eardrum, hammer, anvil and stirrup to the inner ear Is a tiny bone cavity that is sealed at each end by membranes It pick up and increases or amplifies vibrations The 3 tiny bones are collectively called Makes the connection with the end membrane the oval window Act like levers that greatly amplify vibrations which in turn cause the oval window to vibrate Is to transduce sound waves into neural impulses and send them to the brain Transmit sound waves to cochlea Is a tubular fluid filled structure that is coiled up like a snail It contains receptors for hearing and its function is transduction Lines the inner wall of the cochlea and runs its entire length States that each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane In this theory the pitch a person hears depends on where the hair cells that are stimulated are located in the organ of corti States that pitch is related to how fast the basilar membrane vibrates Theories of hearing (2) Types of hearing impairments (2) Means that the sound vibrations cannot be passed from eardrum to the cochlea The problem lies either in the inner ear or in the auditory pathways and cortical areas of brain

83. 84. 85. 86.