Project Documentation

Figure shows the block diagram of Tunnel Management system Vehical 0ensor 11 Vehical 0ensor 1" Vehical 0ensor 12 Vehical 0ensor 1" 3 O + & 3 4 + 4 E Block ight !river Block ight !river !irect Block ight !river Block ight !river

Each Vehicle sensor consist of two sensor circuit whose output is given to Nand Gate and Output of Nand Gate is inverted and applied to the port pin. Hence three port pin are used to sense the six position in the tunnel , which will give output as logic 1 when Vehicle is passing through. Each sensor when activates control Block ight !river , each Block light driver consist of 1" #ega E! driven $% the transistor. &here is one 'ore Block ight !river !irect which not controlled $ut On directl% $% the suppl%. &his lights re'ains on even when the $lock lights are off. (e this are the 'ini'u' nu'$er of the light re'aining On Circuit Components : fig is as shown 1. Voltage divider Network )or'ed *sing !+ and +esistance of ,-./oh's

". && Nand Gate (c -,.. 2. 3ort 3in ie parallel port input of the co'puter ,. &ransistor invertor circuit 5. E! and 6urrent li'iting resistor of 1.. oh's Operation 7 8hen the circuit is switched on, the light e'itted $% the E! if following on the !+. !+ is light dependent resistor, it resistance it resistance when light is when light is following is ver% low and o$structed is ver% high.
Vcc

&'(k Vcc

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Vcc

#c

&'(k

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$and %ate !"#

!)"

Fig. Vehicle Sensing Circuit 8hen there is no vehicle the , the light is following on the !+ and output of the voltage divider is voltage which is logic . for the input of the N4N! gate Hence $oth the input of the N4N! gate are at logic . and output of the N4N! gate is logic 1, this output is applied as the input to the transistori9ed inverter circuit and hence output of the circuit is logic . , which is applied to port input pin of the co'puter. Hence when no Vehicle is passing the input to 36 port is logic . 8hen there is vehicle passing, the light is following on the !+ is $locked and output of the voltage divider is voltage which is logic 1 for the input of the N4N! gate Hence an% of the input of the N4N! gate are at logic 1 and output of the N4N! gate is logic ., this output is applied as the input to the transistori9ed inverter circuit and hence

output of the circuit is logic 1 , which is applied to port input pin of the co'puter. Hence when no Vehicle is passing the input to 36 port is logic 1 0uch three circuit co'prising of : voltage divider are connected in the pro;ect. !ight "ri*er Circuit Components : 1. &ransistor ". )ig shows E! the light driving 6ircuit. 0uch six circuits are driven $%

each output pin of the parallel port. Hence three parallel port pins are used . Each vehicle sensing circuit sense the !rive the section of 0ix light driving circuit.
Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc

T&

T,

T+

T.

T-

Fig. !ight "ri*ing Circuit Operation : 8hen the input to this circuit is is seen in the &unnel. &here is one six section circuit which is not driven $% the port $ut is per'anentl% on. Hence when there is no vehicle in the tunnel all the transistor driven sections are not on $ut this per'anentl% on , Hence 'ini'u' light is seen in the tunnel. ogic 1 transistor starts conducting and goes into saturation, due to which E! glow and ight

Circuit description )ig. shows the $lock diagra' for de vice control through the 36<s parallel port using Visual Bask. &he data out put port of the 36<s parallel port is used for controlling the devices or appliances. &he interface circuit re=uires regulated :V !6 to drive the loads. Eight #6&"E opto>osolator (6s are used to prevent da'age to the parallel port fro' short>circuit that 'a% occur across the interface circuit. !arlington arra% (6 * N"?O2 is used to drive the rela%s for controlling the devices. )ig. shows the circuit for device control using the 36<s parallel port progra''ed in Visual Basic. &o get the power suppl% for the circuit, "2.V 46 'ains is stepped down $% trans for'er @l, rectified $% $ridge rectifier +2151 and filtered $% capacitor 61 Al...p), "5VB. &he filtered output is fed to input pin 1 of regulator (6 -?.:. &he regulated :V !6 is used to power the interface circuit co'prising (6s #6&"E A16" through 16CB and * N"?O2 Aopt coupler #6&"E can $e replaced with ,N25. E!1 through E!0 connected across data output pins " through C, respectivel%, are used to indicate the status of the loads. Glowing of an% of these E!s indicates that the device connected to that specific output line is Don.< (6 * N"?.2 A)ig. 2B is a !arlington arra% rela% driver that can drive eight rela%s. 0ince (6 * N"?.2 has an internal freewheeling diode to =uench the inductive kick, no external free wheeling diodes are re=uired across the rela% coils. &he devices are connected through the rela% contacts to 'ains. &he rela%s are used to switch on or off the appliances.

&his 6#O0 (6 is an 1? pin dual inline package for decade counter latch and reset inputs. 4 carr%out pin is availa$le for cascading counters. &his pin is essential for increasing the nu'$er of digits fro' four to eight or 'ore. &he counters advance on negative edge of the clock. 4 high signal on the reset input resets the counter to 9ero a low sign on latch ena$le input latches the count at the output. 4 high signal on displa% ena$le input selects the nu'$er in the counter to $e displa%ed. 4 low signal selects the nu'$er in the output latch to $e displa%ed. &he displa% used for this chip is - seg'ent co''on cathode t%pe. &he (6 has input protection circuitr% consisting of a series resistor and a diode connected to the ground.