OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition Chapter 2 - Ethernet

N. Abedpoor International Imam Reza University of Mashhad

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Chapter 2 Lab1- Ethernet

Ethernet Model Description Model Scope and Limitations

Model Architecture
Process Models Model Interfaces
Packet Formats
ICI Formats Ethernet Addressing

Lab 1 - Ethernet
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Ethernet Model Description

Background / Operational Description

Ethernet is a bus-based local area network (LAN) technology commonly used in the technical and business communities.
Detailed information about the Ethernet protocol is in the IEEE

802.3 Standard.

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Model Scope and Limitation

The Ethernet MAC model provided with OPNET implements the carrier sensing, collision detection, and retransmission mechanisms specified in the IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, and IEEE 802.3z Standard. Explicit modeling is performed for all features other than serialization of bit transfers to and from the physical layer. The following list itemizes the features provided in this model: FIFO processing of Transmission Requests Propagation Delay based on Distance Between Individual Stations Carrier Sensing from Physical Layer Collision Detection from Physical Layer Truncated Binary Exponential Backoff Transmission Attempt Limit of 16 Interframe Gap Timing for Deference Jam Sequence Transmission after Collisions 802.3 Minimum and Maximum Frame Sizes
Frame Bursting (1000BaseX Ethernet operating in half-duplex only)

Full- and half-duplex transmissions

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You can configure port-based VLANs on all generic bridge and switch models, and on any vendor-specific models that support this technology. Ethernet link models allow you to simulate point-to-point trunk links; a single trunk link can carry traffic for multiple VLANs as specified by IEEE 802.1q. To configure a VLAN, set the VLAN Scheme attribute to Portbased VLAN on the bridge or switch supporting the VLAN. You can assign VLAN identifiers to specific port numbers in the VLAN Port Configuration Table. (To find a links port numbers, use Link Interfaces on the Edit Attributes (Advanced) dialog box.) Note that you can assign only one VLAN identifier to a specific port. However, multiple ports can belong to the same VLAN.

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The Ethernet models also support Fast EtherChannel technology. This allows multiple Ethernet point-to-point links to be bundled into one logical full-duplex channel of up to 800 Mbps (for Fast Ethernet) or 8000 Mbps (for Gigabit Ethernet). You can use a Fast EtherChannel or Gigabit EtherChannel link in place of any regular Ethernet link (10BaseT, 100BaseT, or 1000BaseX). EtherChannel links support flow-based balancing of traffic, and are useful for upgrading bottleneck links in Ethernet LAN networks. NoteYou can only use EtherChannel links when Ethernet is running in full-duplex mode.

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The Ethernet models can be deployed either in a bus (10Base2) or a hub (10BaseT, 100BaseT or fast ethernet, and 1000BaseX or gigabit ethernet) configuration. The following list itemizes the main differences between these two configurations: Connections from the MAC processes to the hub are via duplex point-to-point links, as opposed to a bus medium. Collision Detection in the hub configuration is handled by the hub, rather than individual MAC processes. Deference mechanism is handled by the hub, rather than a separate deference process. Ethernet hubs cannot be directly connected to one another. Instead, a bridge must be used to link two or more hubs together.

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Model Architecture
The following diagram illustrates the relevant portions of a typical 10Base2 node model using the process models defined for the Ethernet model suite.

Figure 2-1 Node Model Structure Surrounding Ethernet

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Model Architecture
The following diagram illustrates the relevant portions of a typical node model.

Figure 2-2 Node Model Structure Surrounding Ethernet Hub

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Model Architecture
The following diagram illustrates the relevant portions of a typical hub node model.

Figure 2-3 Node Model Structure Surrounding Ethernet Hub

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Process Model
The following table enumerates the process models used by the Ethernet model suite. Additional details on these process models are provided in subsequent sections.

Table 2-1 Ethernet Process Models (Part 1 of 2)

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Process Model

Table 2-1 Ethernet Process Models (Part 2 of 2)

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Model Interface
Packet Formats The following table enumerates the packet formats used in the Ethernet model suite.

Table 2-2 Ethernet Packet Formats

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Model Interface
ICI Formats
The following table enumerates the interface control information (ICI) formats used in the Ethernet model suite.

Table 2-3 Ethernet ICI Formats

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Model Interface
Ethernet Addressing
Each MAC entity has a physical address, specified by the station_address attribute of the eth_mac_v2 (and ethernet_mac_v2) process models. When using these models in conjunction with the Spanning Tree Bridge models, the Ethernet addresses must be unique for the entire OPNET network to support correct bridge address learning. The addresses can be automatically assigned to meet this requirement.

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Lab1- Ethernet
The Ethernet is a working example of the more general Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) local area network technology. The Ethernet is a multiple-access network, meaning that a set of nodes sends and receives frames over a shared link. The carrier sense in CSMA/CD means that all the nodes can distinguish between an idle and a busy link. The collision detect means that a node listens as it transmits and can therefore detect when a frame it is transmitting has interfered (collided) with a frame transmitted by another node. The Ethernet is said to be a 1persistent protocol because an adaptor with a frame to send transmits with probability 1 whenever a busy line goes idle.

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In this lab you will set up an Ethernet with 30 nodes connected via a coaxial link in a bus topology. The coaxial link is operating at a data rate of 10 Mbps. You will study how the throughput of the network is affected by the network load as well as the size of the packets. NOTES: Create Project: Name the project <your initials>_Ethernet Name the scenario Coax make sure that Create Empty Scenario Choose Office for Network Scale X,Y = 100

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NOTES: Create the Network: Use Rapid Configuration. BUS Topology Choose ethcoax from Model List

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NOTES: Configure Coaxial BUS Advanced Edit Attributes

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NOTES: Configure the Network Nodes Select Similar Nodes Edit Attributes

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NOTES: Configure the Simulation Select Similar Nodes Edit Attributes

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NOTES: Configure the Simulation

To examine the network performance under different loads, you need to run the simulation several times by changing the load into the network. There is an easy way to do that. Recall that we promoted the Interarrival Time attribute for package generation. Object Attributes Tab

Office Network.node_0.Traffic Generation

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Make Sure Office Network.*.Traffic Generation Parameter added in the list of simulation object attributes Click the Values button and Add all nine values.

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Save Scalar file

Assign <your initials>_Ethernet_Coax to the Scalar file text field.

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NOTES: Choose the Statistics

Choose Individual Statistics - Expand the Global Statistics hierarchy a) Traffic Sink check the Traffic Received (packets/sec) box b) Traffic Source - check the Traffic Sent (packets/sec) box

to collect the average of the above statistics as a scalar value by the end of each simulation run: Simulation menu - Statistics (Advanced) be sure Traffic Sent and Traffic Received appeared under the Global Statistics Probes. Set the Values. Save.

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NOTES: Run the Simulation

Click Configure/Run Simulation button Duration 15 Second RUN Close and Save Project

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NOTES: Rerun the Simulation

When you rerun the simulation, OPNET IT Guru will append the new results to the results already in the scalar file. To avoid that, delete the scalar file before you start a new run. (Note: Deleting the scalar file after a run will result in losing the collected results from that run.) File Model Files Delete Model Files (.os): Output Scalars Select the scalar file to be deleted In this Lab : <your initials>_Ethernet_Coax

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NOTES: View the Results View Results (Advanced) from the Results menu Load Output Scalar File Select <your initials>_EthernetCoax Create Scalar Panel from the Panels menu
Horizontal : Traffic Source.Traffic Sent (packets/sec).average Vertical : Traffic Sink.Traffic Received (packets/sec).average

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The resulting graph should resemble the one below:

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