Name of student: Physics Teacher:

&*r**,r

LEi(o$*

K*4

Physics

OCR

.A2 Syllabus H55B replacing 7BB3

Module: G485 Fields , Particles and Frontiers of Physics

Topic:

5.1.2 5.1.3

Magnetic fields Electromagnetism

These questions have been taken from recent papers qp to ?049, based on speclfication 3883.

The old specification is a close but not perfect match and some parts of the new specification are not covered.
I

.f

Rernember a separate formulaldata sheet is available in the examination. You may need to look althis to answer these questrons

I
speed v close to the North Pole- Fig- 5-1 t {a} An aircraft is flying horizontally at a cqnstant The vertical component B of the Earth's maginetic
shows the airciaftliewed irom above. field is indicated bY crosses.

B(into page)

v
-----l*

O
.

&cro-J i^"'*t Q o (oppos,k ; d!cho'^ h

Fig.5.1
(i)

lnd"cpd e-rl*o".F)

A wire stretches from wing tip P to wing tip Q. Each free electrol'"!*t9."---"'in tle wire experiences a force along the wire. Write down an expression for this force-

F
(ii) (iii)

L:)SgV

.tll

mark with an arrow the direction of this force-

tll

e
\

s,\u*'\ v
I

t\.t/ \)
d\

l:."--

ix"

t; a

-t trfrdlj. i3 i #^r..a*J
*
t^}b;a.r

iL {#^dr-rcqc,'
tt t-iL,*

t O
-

t:

&

t\";u"+

un \ h

\_

fr"i?tA\: b."*:'*E'lt ilc tF*fllJi '

10

-L, (b)
The vertical component B of the Earth's magnetic field is 5.0 x 1O-T. The aircraft flying ai 200ms-1. The distance PQ between the wing tips is 40m.

(i)

Calculate the force exerted by the magnetic field on each electron in the wire. *ttr .:l f* - | f e.. ..

l*

=.

Lg_.-"

; .{' h{..'.** lt l't: }t l^ ' ,. '*l';"- 0)

=. t'e
.

At;'

: e*d-[

rorce

=...i.:.F.x.t.'l--:l

.O

et

(ii)

Hence, or othenruise, calculate the voltage induced between the wing tips.

vt'; b it+

U ii-b 'l)
^
;iftq:

* $*cF{f*r*

0 O

voltage

=.........i;-:*

u
[-lirtal

t3l
: 10J

fTurn over

3
L
Fig.6.1 shows a simple transformer used for demonstrations in the laboratory. lt consists of two coils linked by a laminated soft iron core. The primary coil is connected to a signal generator and the secondary coil to a voltage sensoL interJace and computer. The number of turns on the secondary coil is double that on the primary coil.
tron core

c(t'xc'( \oop! U,wt

b
Fig.6.1

(a) (i) Draw on Fig.6.1 the complete

current in the primary coil.

paths of two lines of magnetic flux linked with the

(ii)

Define the term magnetic flux.

IrU,,r
'.v..'..'........'.

O,

Ferctctq'-t lu-r" 0N " " " "

-

0 fiit'._')

l2l

(iii)

Explain how magnetic flux linkage differs from magnetic flux.

For
Examine Use

(iv)

+i'*$d..iX -fl.v x... li nta4* i n 5**mdcx+ -# -t -i.-' -. :. - -tre*rqt ...v.".1ry#..CI - .CI,llft+i Qptr-olF-- ....-.-.-..--.- t3l ....trr.d*$*r

E ;.

-.

--

-.

---

(b)

Fig.6.2 shows the computer screen in the demonstration where the number of turns on the secondary coil is double that on the primary coil30 20
10

voltage/V

/
0
1

20

3t

-10

,ll

"time/mS

'

,-2o -30
Fig.6.2

(i)

Show that the frequency of the supply is 50 Hz.^

i=rorng {=+ #,9'=

=
(ii)
rl
Ytr
Calculate the amplitude of the supply voltage,

sa-fi+

no $arL

fl\n0ru:*,

:-

"t v5

f{s

i)

e,';c
o
amplitude =

v t21
[otal:12]
[Turn over

S
below' Read the short passage before ansi'vering the questions

For Examiner's

identical positively-charged Fig.6.1 shows a section of a mass spectrometer. A beam of through a slit S' A chamber ions, all travelling at the same speed, enters an evacuated plane of the diagram causes the ions to uniform magnetic field directed verticaliy out of the T' path Spf. ine beam exits the chamber through the slit at move along the semicircular

region of magnetic field

'k^lr"orl
Fig.5-1
(a)

Clr,hs:t cf
C-t c'Li-

,\

the ion beam draw an arrow to indicate the direction of the force on t1l

"#
(b)
)
1

ions for a beam of ions of greater Describe and explain the changes to the path of the mass but ihe same speed and charge' -\

r'.\ tt'

\L/.......-....

For Examin
Use

(c)

The speed of the singly charged ions is 3'0 x 10s m s-1 density 0.60T. ffre masl of each ion is 4'0 x 10-26kg'

in the magnetic field of flux

(i)

field is about Show that the force on each ion in the beam in the magnetic 3 x 'l o-14 N.

F=BSv

3'QXtor O ts \'ior{c*ttc /( F : O.bS c.bs F &_a*x ro-r\ *_ rgnro-\

(ii)
Calculate the radius of the semicircular path'

QA=

t'bl*,o-'ec.

fr.d&'l';
12)

f= f,ttv'
f f=

f : ff\d tt'-

G:ofto')l^ t:o1.>-"*x
e-t
ts tO-rq

l'

c.

t"*Y
radius =

f='l-8tt11r-t\ 1- -- C 'ilS n",

[D ..f :t?.-'.k5

rur

[Total: 12]

[Turn over

rffrir

rrilt

ffil ililt ililt llllt ililt ililt til llil

Fig.4..1 shows a square flat coil of insulated wire placed in a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B. The direction of the field is vertically out of the paper. The coil of side x has Nturns.

region of uniform magnetic field

Fig.4.1

(a)

{i) Define the term magnetic flux.

f;l*tx: fli:A (nqnrl*{ 1- 8)

(ii)

............... I2l

(b) The coil of side x = 0.020m is placed at position Y in Fi1.4.2. The

ends of the 1250 turn coil are connected to a voltmeter. The coil moves sideways steadily through the region of magnetic field of flux density 0.032T at a speed of 0.10ms-1 until it reaches position Z. The total motion takes 1.0 s.

:c,: :j .300281 1.

r*-v,

lEgl|t iltil !|lilEFilt ilgfl tFllt tlgilltFEt ilgt

tEst

8
,0.03 r0.04 t0.05 ,0.06

=n
-S:i

r'=
-

ltr

0.0 0.01 0.02

O.07 ,0.08 ,0.09

,0.10

distance/m

+0.020 m ,,.
1,

at
^r5

a.t
5=

'

0.10 m

s-1

!]

:j:ii:;:i:.riiirrt i::::ri:::r.:!:.r::.:i

'' "t

region of uniform magnetic field B = 0.0327

coil positioil dt f = 0

coil position at f = 1.0s

Fig.4.2

(i)
I

Show that the voltmeter reading as the coil enters the field region, after f = 0.2 s, is B0 mV. Explain your reasoning fully.

lr-

(r\
\,
ff\

?r:

J'j

\,

tjj

no n\o$t

u
-il,

$c clAtu'-t]
I
':l

N[}
.,1
1.,

'

l3l

{ii)

,i;

t|r't
*E

On Fig.4.3, draw a graph of the voltmeter reading against time for the motion of the coil from Y to Z. Label the y-axis with a suitable scale. l4J

0 Uynt Pos,
/c
t.,r,

'c{.
,silcwr

Y
LJ,J

il^ ilg
iF,lJ
:

L'l
{.{-,t

e\i- OA,F*ee,\' O-L * 0'L{ O tr -o't

Fig.4.3

T=
Itr\J

O Squt'* pu\:a s'!.o..Pes

[Total: 10]

;H

2824 Juna4

[Turn over

q
A single-tui"n square coil of side 0.050 m is placed in a magnetic field *f flux density il Ft2AT mrnnitrrrio t t tE:r,,,rvee

F$
Fgnme./.q

of

iisr

ia!

The coil is placed in thr.ee different orieiitatiCIns io the field as shcwn in Fig' s'1{a}' {b} anri /ni

-il
(a)

(c)

Fig.6.1
in Fig.6.i(a-i, ii-re piarte of tiie coii is pei'peiidicuiar to the iieid. iri ii-ri, ii is ai43" ia iile field ind in {l), ii is parallel to the tield. Calcutate ihe value. giv'ing a suitable unii' of ihe magnetis flux linking the coilfor the pcsiticn shov.'n in

{i}

Fig. 6.1{ai

$= hh
Ts

"=.

*.*sn *'*5 A = L'f,n iUs

*.GLJ

O_)_ 0
magnetic tru*
=

b:f,.I1.0- -"*',..b*!L, isl

(iil^ fls' u.i (b)

{sFr cc- i*-

Tn*'

= *ia *i^ i+s

g.o*lrs -r
masnetic riux =

0f[.0*t
(iii)

.*

0
.#.hlt9.Jnn--*-h- ir: I rne

Fig. 6.1ici.

0
illcrgllEtlu ---^^.1^
41,,..

ItUA =

LJ

r i-

unii..l4'-:&

[ii

r,t*

l0
1r-\

tvt

The ccil is rataied in the !"nggnetic fleld to genetate an e.m'f' acrc$s its ends, T{re q,aPh .; cf the *.,ariatlcn ef e:rn.f. with tirne !s shawn in Flg' 6.2-d

...

--,.

.1.

150 100 50

d *",o'* []mPWdq
O l-t'hrto Pn"/
time/ms i
.

voltage/mV

-50
-100 -150
F!9. b.2
{r,
til

Cn Fig. ,.Zmark.with an X, a point on the graph ai a ti;ii rryhen the flux linking the nnil ic e mavirt.,rrrn iil
Give

, t:\ til,

lour

reasoning for lrour chalce of position X.

".-"i"':"'_"" """'."""" "'.i,",."'1" "":".1" " "" " " "" "" !l':'

":"-"':,'r4J

r11

(iii)

The rite of rotation of the coilis doubled. Cn Fiq. 6.2 draw a grapir sha,rging ai leasi i3i twa cycles of ihe e.m.f.'nc"v i'enerafed aciiss the ends cf ihe c'cil. ITofal:'i1I "J a--.-"'

ff..-*

^t.alrLarrr tasgr

'! t

For
Examtnef s Use

b (a) Define magnetic ftux density.

&:.}r*
.

1fr*ore"
*

. I=.gJtrgor.V . . *.-: i*-gt-* C ****.

B*ryn*&l+ $svx.*{$Ae*4 U

ff

(b) to the plane of the tube. Protons move with a speed v along a circular path within the tube'
evacuated tube

-+o
Fig.5.1

path of proton

&ocord "*"U" hroarJ clr-ck

'

(i)
(i

the protons On Fig. 5.1 draw an arrow at P to indicate the direction of the force on t1l ior them to move in a circle within the tube'

i)

I
(iii)

for the force F on a proton in terms of the

F:661s

r1l

IL
(iv)

F'r*"0
(

Calculate the value of the flux density B needed to contain protons of speed 1 .5 x 107 m s-1 within a tube of radius 60 m. Give a suitable unit for your answer.

o b=ryt = ry Lr o lvr
3
[,bJ F lo-"t X

l.s rto-1 t' lrr 'Kldt"l F bO

> O.OO2.!3
B = .-9..1

0
N,lg"J
8Ollp.
-unjt.

(v)

State and explain what action must be taken to contain protons, injected at twice the speed (2v), within the tube.

-....f......... hJo nr,-u

tsl

[Total: 13]

','

[Turn over

i3
t

For Examinefs
Use

molten sodium' through a tube' This question is about forcing a liquid metal, such as )\

(a) The liquid metal is in a tube of square

cro.ss-section, side w, made of electrically ,,insulating mateiiat, See Fig.5.1. Two electrodes are mounted on opposite sides of the between the electrodes' An tube and a magnetic fieH Lf flux density B fills the.region electrodes, perpendicular to the electric currenti purr", across ttre tune between the and the field provides the force to magnetic field. The interaction between the current
move the liquid.

--==l.-

square tube containing flowing liquid

r
(i)

ope^

'

etcl E] [ t" Fig.5.1

direction of the force on the Draw on Fig.5.1 an arrow labelled F to indicate the li{uid metallExplain how you determined the direction.

;-"s--#t**.41- W
(i

#\#{:*k

*"u0

.121

i)

(iii)

Data for this device are shown below'

B

1=800A w=25mm
Calculate the {orce on the liquid metal in the tube'

0.157

F:0.\gxg*sr\&5rt\es

0
force = ...3-:.S..,....... N I2l

3's

r+
(b) To monitor the speed of flow of the liquid metal, a similar arrangement of electrodes and magnetic field is set up further down the tube. See Fig. 5.2. A voltmeter is sonnected across the electrodes instead of a power supply.

Fig.5.2

(i)

Explain, using the law of electromagnetic induction, why the voltmeter will register a reading which is proportional to the speed of flow of the metal.

.,.4...

Votrye .lr.l...id*x*.d.. a.e-nsr. /_nou,*q.. .ryutal_. *r it-- s,rf, d=fux linsr O

.

State how and explairi why the voltmeter density across the tube is doubled.

[Total:10]

2824 Jan(A

[Turn over

i{
between two large A nitrogen atom is initially stationary at point P in Fig.5-1, midway charged. parallel plates in an evacuated chamber. The nitrogen atom becomes

Far Exaniner's
Use

horizonlal of gravity' There is an electric field between the plates. lgnore any effects

t Fig. 5.1

(a)
[tq

oge nl( on ther nitrc rce c >n of the electric forc ection The dire ic 3n. r the eon gn nol the cha rge e sig >n the are asor
. !-

rds. State with

q$ 1*' )'

'*"'"'
,

't*-fr

a, -

i-r...

'

"-.'tH- - -r-: *...r.S"--+--.1.

_

d..

L.:

t1l
1

.6

1o-1e C

.-.

,,'i

l2l
,-l,

U
:
F

t-

d \

*1-!

; r-.r-k'
Icl;-. i'

t:

gs'

a,

,, ,'-*.-q
;-r, 04 &;

(c) The electric field ,L: r ' : (\

r

strength

the plates
:,f
: .-

no

is alo

nr;i Pt i t t\ c-1. calculate

c',t\LrL''

l2l
the

separation of the Plates.

..t \lj

v 5:

d..flt.

-!a -l*'

.='-.

-+

r6
(d) The ion passes through a hole in the lower plate at a speed of 6.5 x 104 m s-]. lt enters a region of uniform magneiic field of flux density O.17 T perpendicularly into the plane of Fig. 5.2.

For Examinef s
Use

0 v
X X X X X X X X X

sqni Gc,ttt

h. .,3hu d
hns

XX
Fig. 5.2

XX

magnetic field into the plane of the paper

frvr,',\ a)

a)+ d) Crn,.s'ut}'q'h
t1l

.c g*'0
C

(i) (ii)

Sketch on Fig. 5.2 the semicircular path taken by the ion.

Calculate how far from the hole the ion will collide with the plate. Use data from (b).

f =

f.Y,x
bQy'.

| = $.3n i0''o

6 ,( 6,SllO{

rnr/

O. t*l x /.bxf0-t1

f '= SScon+ O du*bcnu i sc = o'tl

:...t.[....... m tst
[Total: 13]

[Turn over

if fi *fi
This question is about the electron beam inside a television tube.

0 aqu&lt".\
-\P0,GCl
ht,r.r lC*uV

-7.0 kv

OV

ft

tti e u[q' k

*n*."c/
C' 'tnV (-' J
region of magnetic field
I {-^-' r\-(

ctl

1',ruiY

+u

P[rLk gtc"
cathode
I

0 c.sril'"'u.r
{tttc.ci l:>
\

anode

Fig. 5.1 [!gfr,'-cC'U(a) Fig. 5.1 shows a section through a simplified

tube.

Fig.5.2
model of an electron gun in an evacuated TV

(i)

On Fig.
anode.

5.1

draw electric field lines to represenl the field between the cathode and the

l2l
speed from the cathode, are accelerated
kV.

(ii) The electrons, emitted at negligible

through a p.d. of 7.0 5.0 x 107ms-1.
r P. i - ;,
ua-

Show that the speed of the electrons at the anode is about

j'

,1

U/
/\C

fir
{r
U*Suu"{.-f'
l2l

,.,rU,-/L

(b) Some electrons

pass through a small hole in the anode. They enter a region of uniform magnetic field shown by the shaded area in Fig. 5.2. They follow a circular arc in this region before continuing to the TV screen.

(i) (ii)

Draw an arrow through the point labelled P to show the direction of the force on the electrons at this point. t1l
State the direction of the magnetic field in the shaded area. Explain how you arrived at your answe.

r,\.

..:.. i............ -.......'1.,...,........,..

i.

r........... :*'

lltilr llllt ilffi llil

'959752312'

llilllllll lllll

lllll lllll

llllllll

r8

(iii)
finv

Calculate the radius of the arc of the path of the electron beam when the value of the I magnetic trux ounJivl= 4.0 *

io:tr.

e-

h"D
oo*to-3x

rc

W
0

Yt.

rf\v sqr

|=

3:f flc-],'5-

t:3-k*lt"-"
/'("rrd'q

?'+ r/o-L

0
radius =

.?.:S.*tA..L

f+f

{c)

The region of uniform magnetic field is created by the electric current in an arrangement of coils. Suggest how the end of the electron beam is swept up and down the TV screen.

f:
t{_;

Cuersnk. i * .cei {s .lD .Lhrrrr ftr &ut'd Choneg* ih$,t nrL.r& c*1Le" .-fi Xrel h c"l*cng* rloiJo.efr.c*'* O

te$s:is
..Lr.f{.....rru...

rtrt

t,

$"rd tpt*v(f)
Jt*-,.rt

So *6e"rgx ddf

etftd ft?114
,....,..,...

r.l LAJ

[Total: 13]

lTurn over
r

lilill lilil fifl

fiilr ilut ilil1

llilllllll lllll

llll

llll

r
tCI

i1
A spark plug is the device in a petrol engine which ignites the fuel-air mixture, causing an explosion in the cylinder.

(a)

A potential difference of 40 kV is needed across a gap of 0.60 mm to produce the spark which ignites the fuel vapour. Calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength in the spark gap just before the spar(

/ i'
::

".,;

'

\v
t--, \

U/

(i''

(b) The electrical supply in a motor car is 12V" To achieve 40 kV two coils are wound on tf," same iron core, shown schematically in Fig.5.1.The secondary coil is in series with the spark gap. The primary coil is in series with the battery and a switch. \ccp =*. C.\e- Ytt;*' , .r,'ret-, \lr'{',tt,'*rr-Lr. :I -t"cv-a-i tron core

rl*:Pc:l
f

-t

12V

spark gap

C-sb'SEir1:]
(i)

(ii)

both coils is the

..d \)'

rF'r \3

(iii)

Explain why a potential difference is produced across the spark gap as the switch is
opened"

t1l

L.o"*roou
I

J
ililil ilil lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll llll llll

zCI
(iv)

-l

Explain how each of the following factors influences the size of the potential difference across the spark gap:

...........t21

2 the ratio

: Yi;k Gfu

of the number of turns between the primary and secondary coils.

h.n...

m, ..id*o-|. hcf\S.ar.r.nsj:b

Luo.*roou
I

[Turn ou",
ililil lilil ililillllllllil lllll lllll llllttilll

llll

llll

jPJ

$
I
=8 c-l

i0d ;"qi

:Oi

\\
-

Fig.5.1 shows a horizontal copper wire placed between the opposite poles of a permanent magnet. The wire is in a state of tension and is clamped at each end. The length of the wire in the field of flux density 0.032T is 6.0cm.

.r

$ fi .,$l
icr

Uf

ti

c'rci

tqr

jg
lLt
r(J

i9

ffi
',,

{t
;i$l

,iQ
:.rg

i.0

clamp

jg
r(J

:g

Fig.5.1

io
ie,

iq

(a)

A direct current l is passed through the wire.

,,9

ig

(i) (ii)
A-'

On Fig.5.1 draw and label an arrow F to indicate the direction of the force on the wire.
t1l

a :n

is
is
ilj

Calculate the magnitude F of the force when I = 2.5 A'

,, L I i{ .= :-- . .*...= -i., :i- ..'

i io :n
.n :v
,rr
!!-

,u

Iti i
rlJ i.{i

i ..t\
'.;4

:d

E_ T_

::F

',n

ti
:,f
,t !i

(b)

The direct current is changed to an alternating current of constant amplitude and variable frequency, causing the wire to oscillate. Fig. 5.2 shows how the acceleration of the wire at the cenire p6int between the poles varies with time when the frequency of the current is at the fundamental natural frequency of the wire.
750

le

:i

't
:.U

:(:
'

500 acceleration /ms-2 250

0

rt
,:)

.t :l

tA

ru

l{

time/ms

i{
!

i'C

-250 -500 -750 Fig.5.2

1:{

:T

.L

ir
i

i{ ',

::i

i\
:t

:7

i{ -i

Illilil ilill illll lllll lllll lllll lllll llllllllll llll llll

i .}
i{

2:,*

(i)

Calculate the frequency of the alternating current.

:1

::

r,
f

requency

(ii)

Explain wheiher the maximum acceleration of all points on the wire beiween the poles is the same or not. A sketch may help your answer.

. ..........t31

(c)

The amplitude of vibration of the wire at the centre point between the poles varies with the frequency of the current as shown in Fig. 5.3.
7.5

amplitude/mm

O cffry,Yi,.t<
Fql
5 tr,of-Lr-f'

s L',1Ui3

.u' t{t tl\*1l'

lr"Lq: I l{rc'"tc
u. tLr-i

l\L\ Lrtst :k

5.0

2.5

P}r pr-r;r, &cl

\-l ftrsvi

\ t\' -)[J

f
lJa] rr rl i'i U /-2fLrta
r^,'(, t{,r /vv

e{vL
- i. L-!'
f,*.

\',u\tq- f{ri nn

"""

,-\ twiS '-i

(i)
(i i)
(

freouencv/Hz t" P <r-L

Fig.5.3

ti"'q.

State the term used to describe this

effect.

.........,..;...;.

!-J

...............111

Add the scale to the frequency axis of Fig. 5.3.

t1l

iii)

A student sticks some small pieces of paper to the wire to see the vibration of the wire more easily. However this increases the damping of the vibration. On Fig. 5.3 sketch the graph that you would expect to see for greater damping. l3l
[Total: 13]

rn over
r

ilfir ililililt ililt ilil ililt ililt ililt ililt

ilil

ilt

FI

r
\L

z3
This question is about changing the motion of a beam of electrons travelling in a vacuum. parallel Fig. +.r shows a simple devLelor accelerating or decelerating electrons. lt consists of two conducting plates, labelled P and Q, each with a hole at its centre.

beam of electrons

OV

Fig.4.1

(a) On Fig.4.1. draw at least six arrowed

(b)

lines to represent the electric field between the plates.

121

plates, The electrons, all travelling at 4.0 x 1 06 m s-1, pass through the holes in P and Q. The a distance of B.O mm apart, are maintained at 0V and -36V as shown in Fig' 4'1 ' Calculate

(i)

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i)

the electric field strength E between the plates

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the magnitude Fof the force on an electron when between the plates

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iii)

the loss of kinetic energy Ae of each electron between P and Q,

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(iv) the decrease in velocity Avof each electron between

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P and Q.

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(c)
The plates are rotated through g0". Fig. 4.2 shows the same beam of electrons, travelling at 4.0 x 106ms-1, entering the region between the plates, but now parallel to the plates. A uniform magnetic field is applied into the paper in the region between the plates.
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X

beam of electrons
X
X

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X

magnetic field into paper

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-36V

0
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A d.c. supply is connected across the coil with three turns.

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Fig. 5.1 shows a soft iron ring of variable circular cross-section. lt has four coils containing 2,3, 4 and 5 turns wound around it. The cross-sectional area of the ring is different for each coil.

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iii) Write down one of the other two quantities in (ii) above. State in which coil this quantity
has the largest value. Give a reason for your answer.

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(b)

Fig.7.1 shows a simple a.c. generator used for demonstrations in the laboratory. lt consists of a magnet being rotated inside a cavity in a soft iron core. The output from
the coil, wound on the iron core, is connected to an oscilloscope.

to oscilloscope

soft iron core

Fig.7.1

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Skeich on the grid of Fig.7.2 a typical output voltage which would be seen on the oscilloscope screen. State and explain, using Faraday's law and/or the terms given in (a), how doubling each of the following factors will alter this output voltage: . ihe speed of rotation of the magnet . the number of turns on the coil Finally, explain how the output voltage would be different if the soft iron core were removed, leaving the magnet and coil in the same positions.

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Quality of Written Communication

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ln this question, four marks are available for the quality of written communication.

(a)

Faraday invented ihe concept of a field of force. Starting from the definitions of electric, gravitational and magnetic field strengths, discuss the similarities and differences between the three force fields.

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Quality of Written Communication [4]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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