Module 5

Module 5
Creating a Class: Using Encapsulation
Java Programming Language
Objectives
Understand the concept of encapsulation Implement encapsulation in the Java language Use the static keyword Examine static imports

Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision G
Module 5, slide 2 of 20
Examining the Concept of Encapsulation

Unencapsulated data
day:int price:double year:int name:String symbol:String month:int

Encapsulation Steps
Encapsulation Step 1: Group-Related Data
MyDate
day : int month : int year : int
Stock
symbol : String name : String price : double

Encapsulation Steps
Group Data With Behavior
MyDate
day : int month : int year : int getDay() : int getMonth() : int getYear() : int setDay(int) : boolean setMonth(int) : boolean setYear(int) : boolean
Stock
symbol : String name : String price : double Stock(symbol : String) getSymbol() : String getName() : String getPrice() : double setName() setPrice(double)
Verify days in month

Encapsulation Steps
Implement Access Control
MyDate
-day : int -month : int -year : int +getDay() +getMonth() +getYear() +setDay(int) : boolean +setMonth(int) : boolean +setYear(int) : boolean -symbol : String -name : String -price : double +Stock(symbol : String) +getSymbol() : String +getName() : String +getPrice() : double +setName() +setPrice(double)
+ symbol represents external or public access - symbol represents internal or private access

The Benets of Encapsulation

Protecting data integrity Application maintainability

Implementing Encapsulation in Java Technology

The package statement: A class in a package is visible and therefore accessible to all other classes in the same package. A class marked public is visible to classes in other packages. A class not marked public is hidden to classes in other packages. The class statement encapsulates attributes, constructors, and methods into a single unit that can be compiled.

Implementing Encapsulation in Java Technology

Access modifiers: Private Default Protected Public
Modier
private default protected public
Same Class
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Same Package
Yes Yes Yes
Subclass
Universe
Yes Yes Yes

Encapsulation Examples
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 package com.abc.util; public class Date { private int day; public Date() {//... } public void addDays(int days) { } int getDaysInMonth(int month) { } }

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 package com.abc.brokerage; public class Stock { private String symbol; public Stock(String symbol, double price) { } public String getSymbol() { } public void setSymbol(String symbol) { } }

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 package com.abc.brokerage; import abc.util.Date; class StockAnalyzer { private MyDate date; double sell(Stock stock, int quantity) { } public double buy(Stock stock, int quantity) { } }

Using the static Keyword

Class attributes Class methods

Class Attributes
Count
+counter : int = 0 -serialNumber : int
instanceOf instanceOf
c1 : Count
serialNumber=1
c2 : Count
serialNumber=2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
public class Count { private int serialNumber; public static int counter = 0; public Count() { counter++; serialNumber = counter; } }

Class Attributes
Accessing a static field
1 2 3 4 5 public class OtherClass { public void incrementNumber() { Count.counter++; } }

Class Methods
Class method example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 public class Count2 { private int serialNumber; private static int counter = 0; public static int getTotalCount() { return counter; } public Count2() { counter++; serialNumber = counter; }

Class Methods
Accessing a class method
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class TestCounter { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Number of counter is " + Count2.getTotalCount()); Count2 count1 = new Count2(); System.out.println("Number of counter is " + Count2.getTotalCount()); } }

Class Methods
Missing instance reference variable
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 public class Count3 { private int serialNumber; private static int counter = 0; public static int getSerialNumber() { return serialNumber; // COMPILER ERROR! } }

Static Initializers
Static blocks execute only once Static blocks execute in the order of their appearance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 import com.mycompany.utilities.Database.*; public class Count4 { public static int counter; static { if (Database.tableExists(?COUNTER?)) { counter = Database.getSingleField('COUNTER'); } } } public class TestStaticInit { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("counter = "+ Count4.counter); } }

Static Imports
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 package com.myproject.shapes; static import Math.PI: public class Circle { private double radius; public Circle(double radius) { this.radius = radius; } public double area() { return PI*radius*radius; } public double circumferance { return 2*PI*radius; } }


Module 5 - Creating A Class Using Encapsulation

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Module 5 - Creating A Class Using Encapsulation

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Creating a Class: Using Encapsulation

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Examining the Concept of Encapsulation

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Verify days in month

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

The Benets of Encapsulation

Java Programming Language

Implementing Encapsulation in Java Technology

Java Programming Language

Implementing Encapsulation in Java Technology

Yes Yes Yes

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Using the static Keyword

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

Java Programming Language

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