UNIT-1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Write the basic op-amp circuit and explain the circuit operation. [7] 2.

A 741 IC op-amp connected to function as a olta!e follo"er. #he input si!nal is 1 .Assumin! that amplifier !ain is the onl$ error source% determine the output olta!e that occurs "ith an op-amp "hich has &a' t$pical !ain% &b' minimum !ain [2] (. )*etch an op-amp olta!e follo"er circuit and also basic op-amp circuit connected as a olta!e follo"er and explain the operation of the circuit. [+] 4. A 741 op-amp is used in a non-in ertin! amplifier "ith a olta!e !ain of +,.calculate the t$pical output olta!e that "ould result from a common mode input "ith a pea* le el of 1,,m . [4] +. )*etch an op-amp non in ertin! amplifier and also basic op-amp circuit connected as a non-in ertin! amplifier and explain the operation of the circuit [+] -. A 12, m si!nal is to produce a 12 output from an op-amp non in ertin! amplifier. A 1+* . resistor is a ailable for use as /2.determine the suitable resistance for /(. [(] 7. )*etch an op-amp in ertin! amplifier circuit and also basic op-amp circuit connected as an in ertin! amplifier And explain the operation of the circuit. [+] 0. 1iscuss the limitation on the input olta!e ran!e of an op-amp. 1ra" the necessar$ circuit dia!rams to explain the limitations. )tate a t$pical op-amp input olta!e ran!e. [7] 2. 1efine the follo"in! parameter "ith respect to op-amp% i. 3)//% ii. 4ffset olta!es% iii. Input impedance% i . )le" rate [1,] 1,. 5xplain in ertin! summin! amplifier and difference amplifier circuit and deri e the expression for output 6olta!e [1,] 11. 1efine C7// and common mode input. "ith a neat representation deri e an expression for 6o&cm' [+] 12.An op-amp has a specified input olta!e ran!e of 80 and an output olta!e ran!e of 814 "en the suppl$ olta!e is 81+ .calculate the maximum output olta!e that can be produced%&a'"hen the op-amp is used as a olta!e follo"er and &b'"hen it is used as an amplifier "ith a olta!e !ain of 2. [4] 1(. A 741 op-amp has a 81+ suppl$. Calculate the t$pical time re9uired for the op-amp output to mo e from its ne!ati e extreme to its positi e extreme. [(] 14. )*etch the circuit of a direct coupled olta!e follo"er and explain and also "rite the e9uation for input impedance% output impedance [4] 1+. A 1:. load is to ha e + de eloped across it from a 1+ source. 1esi!n suitable circuit as sho"n belo" fi! &a' and &b' and calculate the load olta!e ariation in each case "hen the load resistance aries b$ -1,;.use a 741 opamp. [+] fi!

1-. 1esi!n an in ertin! amplifier usin! an <=(+( >I=5# op-amp to ha e a olta!e !ain of +, and output amplitude is to be 2.+ . [7] 17. )*etch the circuit of an op-amp direct coupled non in ertin! amplifier .Write the e9uation for determinin! suitable alues for each resistor usin! 741 and also "rite the e9uation for input impedance% output impedance and olta!e !ain for the same. [0] 10. A non-in ertin! amplifier is to amplif$ a 1,,m si!nal to a le el of ( .usin! a 741 op-amp desi!n a suitable circuit and also calculate t$pical input and output impedance. [7] 12. )*etch the circuit of an op-amp direct coupled in ertin! amplifier .Write the e9uation for determinin! suitable alues for each resistor usin! 741 and also "rite the e9uation for input impedence %output impedance and olta!e !ain for the same. [0]

?@I#-2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. 1ra" a circuit of a capacitor coupled olta!e follo"er usin! op-amp and explain its operation [0] 2. 5xplain hi!h Ain capacitor coupled non-in ertin! and in ertin! circuit and obtain the expression for a closed loop !ain in these circuits. [12] (. 1esi!n a hi!h input impedance olta!e follo"er usin! 741 op-amp. #he lo"er cut of fre9uenc$ for the circuit is to be +, BA% and the load resistance /l is (.2*. and also determine the minimum theoretical input impedance of the circuit. [-] 4. ?sin! <=(+( >I=5# op-amp% desi!n a hi!h Cin capacitor coupled non-in ertin! amplifier to ha e a lo" cutoff fre9uenc$ of 2,, BA. #he input and output olta!es are to be 1+m and ( respecti el$% and load resistance is 12*.. [-] +. What is the si!nificance of selectin! upper cutoff fre9uenc$ for an op-amp circuitD 5xplain "ith neat dia!ram ho" upper cutoff fre9uenc$ is set for in ertin! and non-in ertin! amplifier. [7] -. 1escribe a non-in ertin! amplifier usin! sin!le polarit$ suppl$. [4] 7. A capacitor coupled non in ertin! amplifier is to ha e a suppl$ of E24 suppl$% a olta!e !ain of 1,,%an output amplitude of + %a lo"er cutoff fre9uenc$ of 7+hA%and a minimum load resistance of +.-*..usin! 741 op-amp% desi!n a suitable circuit [7] 0. A capacitor coupled in ertin! amplifier has the components /1F2.7:.% /2F1,,*.% /lF1.+*.% C1F(.2G=% C2F.-0G=. 1etermine the circuit olta!e !ain% input impedance% lo"er cutoff fre9uenc$% and the impedance of C1 at f1. [+] 2. 5xplain the miller fre9uenc$ compensation techni9ue emplo$ed in IC 741. [-] 1,. ?sin! fre9uenc$ and phase response plot% explain the 4p-amp stabilit$ for a hi!h !ain amplifier and lo" !ain amplifier. [7] 11. 5xplain ho" op-amp circuit can be compensated for% i. stra$ capacitance effect% ii.load capacitance effect. [1,] 12. Write a note on Cin mode compensation . [+]

1(. 5xplain the operation of fre9uenc$ compensatin! methods and sho" ho" it effects op-amp fre9uenc$ response.si!n a non-in ertin! amplifier to amplif$ a 1,,m si!nal b$ a factor of (. )elect suitable fre9uenc$ compensation for <m1,0 op-amp "ith maximum input bias current of 2nA. [4] 1+. 1esi!n an in ertin! amplifier to ha e A F1,, and 6sF+,m .use 7,2 op-amp "ith maximum input bias current of 2,,nA. [+] 1-.?sin! a 71+ op-amp %desi!n the in ertin! amplifier to ha e a maximum si!nal olta!e of ,.+ and a olta!e !ain of 1,.)elect a suitable compensatin! components. [(] 17.1etermine the upper cutoff fre9uenc$ for &a' a olta!e follo"er circuit usin! a 741 op-amp and &b'a unit$ !ain in ertin! amplifer usin! a 741 op-amp. [2] 10. 1esi!n a capacitor coupled olta!e follo"er to ha e a lo"er cutoff fre9uenc$ of 12,BA. #he load resistance is 0.2:. H the op-amp used as a maximum input bias current of -,,nA. [+] 12. 1esi!n a capacitor coupled olta!e follo"er usin! <=(+( >I=5# op amp ha in! lo"er cut off fre9uenc$ of 1,,BA H max input bias current of 2,,pA. #he load resistance is 4.7:. [+] 2,. 1esi!n hi!h Cin capacitor coupled olta!e follo"er usin! an op amp ha in! lo"er cut off fre9uenc$ of +,BA. #he load resistance is (.(:..If open loop !ain is 1, . =ind alue of input impedance of circuit. ?se 741 op amp. [+] 21. 1esi!n a capacitor coupled non-in ertin! amplifier ha in! olta!e !ain of about 7+ H the source olta!e is 1,m6. I>&max' F+,,nA% lo"er cut off fre9uenc$ F1,,BA and load resistance of (.(:.. [+] 22.1esi!n a hi!h Cin capacitor coupled non-in ertin! amplifier usin! <=(+( >I=5# op amp to ha e a lo" cut off fre9uenc$ of 2,,BA. #he input H output olta!es are 1+m6 H (6 respecti el$ H the min load resistance is 12:.. [+] 2(.. 1esi!n capacitor coupled in ertin! amplifier usin! op amp 741 to ha e 6olta!e !ain of 1,,. Assume si!nal olta!e of 1,m6 H load resistance of 4.7*. ha in! fre9uenc$ of 12,BA. [+] 24. 1esi!n capacitor coupled in ertin! amplifier to operate in a fre9uenc$ ran!e of 2+BA to 2 :BA. #he load resistance is 47,.. #he re9uired 6olta!e !ain is 1,,% "hile si!nal 6olta!e is 1,m6. ?se 741 op amp. [-]

2+.An op-amp 741 is used as a olta!e follo"er. i'=ind the cut off fre9uenc$ limited rise time. ii'=ind the sle" rate limited rise time if the output amplitude is to be 76. iii'1etermine the maximum undistorted pulse output amplitude% if output rise time is not to exceed 1 Gsec. 2-. 1esi!n a capacitor coupled non-in ertin! amplifier is to ha e a E246 suppl$% a 6olta!e !ain of 1,,% an output amplitude of +6% a lo"er cut off fre9uenc$ of 7+BA and a min load resistance of +.-:.. ?se 741 op amp. 27. 1esi!n a hi!h Cin non-in ertin! amplifier usin! 741 op amp to operate "ith a E(-6 po"er suppl$. #he load resistance is 12:.. #he lo"er cut off fre9uenc$ is to be 1+,BA H 6olta!e !ain is to be 7. 20. A capacitor coupled difference amplifier is to ha e t"o input olta!es "hich each ran!e from 2,,m6 to 26. #he lo"est si!nal fre9uenc$ is (,,BA% the load resistance is (.(:. and the olta!e !ain is to be +. 1esi!n a suitable circuit usin! >I=5# op amp.

[4]

[+]

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UNIT 3 1. ?sin! potential di ider explain the operation of lo" resistance olta!e source. [-] 2. 7ention the desi!n steps of lo" resistance olta!e source usin! Aener diode and the operation of the same [-] (. What is the need of 3recision olta!e sourceD 5xplain the operation and desi!n steps of 3recision olta!e source. [-] 4. 1esi!n a olta!e source usin! a Aener diode to pro ide approximatel$ 76 output. #he minimum load resistance is 2,,.. #he suppl$ olta!e is 81+6. [+] +. With the neat representation of 3recision Current sin* or 3recision Current source explain the operation and the desi!n steps . [+] -. Write short notes on current to olta!e and olta!e to current con erter. [+] 7. 5xplain Instrumentation Amplifier. [0] i' /e9uirements of instrumentation amplifier. ii' 1escribe each sta!e of instrumentation amplifier H effect of common mode si!nal. iii' Compare the sta!es of instrumentation amplifier. 0.What is precision rectifierD Bo" do the$ differ from con entional rectifierD [(] 2. 5xplain precision half "a e rectifier. 4r briefl$ explain saturatin! precision half "a e rectifier and @on )aturatin! precision half "a e rectifier. [0] 1,. With the anal$sis "rite a note on precision full "a e rectifier . [+] 11.1eri e the expression for the output olta!e of hi!h input impedance full "a e precision rectifier [+] 12. 1esi!n a adIustable pea* clippin! circuit to clip at approximatel$ 8 &(6 to +6'. #he circuit is to ha e unit$ olta!e !ain before clippin!. [+] 1(. What is limitin! circuitD 5xplain the operation of pea* clipper. [-] 14. 5xplain the operation of adIustable pea* clipper. [4] 1+. ?sin! a >I=5# op amp% desi!n an inte!ratin! circuit to produce a trian!ular output "a eform "ith pea* to pea* amplitude of 46. #he input is a 8+6 s9uare "a e "ith a fre9uenc$ of +,,BA. [+] 1- 5xplain the operation of dead Aone circuit. [+] 17. What is a pea* detector circuitD 5xplain the operation of 3recision rectifier pea* detector. [-] 10. >riefl$ explain differentiatin! and Inte!ratin! circuit. [1,] 12. With neat circuit dia!ram% explain olta!e follo"er pea* detector. [+] 2,. )tate the necessit$ for sample H hold circuit and also "ith neat circuit dia!ram% explain op amp )ample and Bold circuit. [+] 21. 1esi!n a precision olta!e source to pro ide an output of 26. #he a ailable suppl$ is 8126. Allo" for approximatel$ 81,; tolerance on the Aener diode olta!e. [+] 22. With neat circuit dia!ram% explain the operation of precision clampin! circuit. [-] 2(. 1esi!n a current source to produce an output of 1,,mA to a load "hich as a maximum resistance of 4,.. ?se an <71,0 op amp H a 3o"er 74)=5#. #he a ailable suppl$ olta!e is 8126 "ith 61) &7AJ' F1,,6% I1 &7AJ' F21,mA H /1 &4@' F+ .. [+] 24. 5xplain the operation of current amplifier "ith !rounded H floatin! load. [+]

2+. 1esi!n a 3recision Current sin* to pro ide 7+mA throu!h a load "hich as a maximum resistance of +, .. #he suppl$ olta!e is 81+6. ?se 741 op amp "ith 61) &7AJ' F-,6% I1 &7AJ' F1+,mA H /1 &4@' F7.+ .. 2-. 5xplain the operation of current source "ith floatin! and !rounded load. 27. With neat circuit dia!ram% explain the operation of precision clipper circuit. 20. 1esi!n a non-saturatin! precision half "a e rectifier% to produce a 26 pea* output from a sine "a e input "ith a pea* alue of ,.+6 H fre9uenc$ of 17BA. ?se bipolar op amp "ith suppl$ olta!e of 81+6. 22. 5xplain the operation of current sin* b$ usin! bipolar transistor and po"er 74)=5#. (,. 1esi!n an instrumentation amplifier to ha e an o erall !ain of 2,,. #he input si!nal amplitude is 1+m6. ?se 741 op amp "ith 81+6 suppl$. (1. Write a note on t"o output precision rectifier. (2. 1esi!n a precision full "a e rectifier circuit% to produce a 26 pea* output from a sine "a e input "ith a pea* alue of ,.+6 H fre9uenc$ of 17BA. ?se bipolar op amp "ith suppl$ olta!e of 81+6. ((. ?sin! bipolar op amp "ith suppl$ olta!e of 81+6% 1esi!n the hi!h input impedance precision full "a e rectifier circuit. #he input pea* olta!e is to be 16 H no amplification is to occur. (4. 5xplain the operation of s$mmetrical precision clipper circuit. (+. What is clampin! circuitD 5xplain the operation of diode clampin! circuit. (-. ?sin! bipolar op amp% desi!n a s$mmetrical precision clippin! circuit to clip a 1,, :BA sine "a e at 8(6 le el. (7. An op amp pea* clipper circuit is to amplif$ its input b$ a factor of 1, and to limit the output olta!e to a maximum of 876. 1esi!n a suitable circuit. (0. A olta!e follo"er pea* detector is to be desi!ned% the pulse t$pe si!nal has a pea* alue of approximatel$ 2.+6 "ith a rise time of +Gs H the output olta!e is to be held at 2.+6 for a time of 1,, Gs. #he maximum output error is to be approximatel$ 1;. Calculate the re9uired component alues H specif$ the output current H sle" rate of the operational amplifier. (2. 1esi!n a differentiatin! circuit to !i e an output of +6 "hen the input chan!es b$ 16 in a time of 1,, Gs. ?se an op amp "ith a bipolar input sta!e.

[+] [4] [+]

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[+] [+] [4] [-] [+] [+]

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?@I#-4

1. What is a summin! amplifierD 5xplain in ertin! and non-in ertin! summin! amplifier. 2. =ind /1 and /f in the loss$ inte!rator so that the pea* !ain is 2,db and the !ain is (db do"n from its pea* "hen "F1,%,,,radKs. ?se a capacitance of ,.,1G=. (. ?sin! 741 op-amp explain subtractor H adder-subtractor circuit. 4. )tate the features of instrumentation amplifier and obtain the expression for its output olta!e. +. 5xplain transconductance amplifier and transresistance amplifier.

[-] [+] [0] [7] [0]

-. With the output "a eform explain half and full "a e precision rectifier. 7 .7ention the applications of lo! amplifier and explain "ith the expression for its output olta!e. [+]

[0]

0. =ind the output olta!e &64' for the adder-subtractor circuit sho"n in fi!.

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2. 4btain the expression for antilo! amplifier output olta!e. 1,. 5xplain the schematic of multiplier. 5xplain fre9uenc$ doublin! and obtain the expression for its output olta!e. 11. With neat circuit dia!ram for di ider% pro e that 6, F

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12. >riefl$ explain the anal$sis of a differentiator and explain practical differentiator. [-] 1(. 1esi!n an op amp differentiator that "ill differentiate an input si!nal "ith f7AJF1,,BA. [4] 14. )*etch the output "a eform produced b$ an op-amp inte!ratin! circuit "ith a s9uare "a e input%explain the circuit and output "a e form . [+] 1+.With the circuit of an op-amp used as a non-in ertin! Aero crossin! detector s*etch t$pical input and output "a e forms and explain. . [+] 1-. )ho" that the output of an op amp inte!rator to a step input of ma!nitude 6 olts is !i en b$ [-] . Compare this result "ith the output obtained from a lo" pass /C circuit. [-]

17. )*etch the circuit of a capacitor coupled crossin! detector.sho" the "a e forms at arious points in the circuit and explain the operation "ith neat input and output "a eforms. [4] 10. >riefl$ explain the operation of in ertin! )chmitt tri!!er circuit. 5xplain ho" to adIust the tri!!er points. [+] 12. A capacitor coupled Aero crossin! detector is to handle a 1:BA s9uare "a e input "ith a pea* to pea* amplitude of -6. 1esi!n a suitable circuit usin! 741 4p amp "ith a 8126 suppl$. 5stimate the minimum op amp sle" rate to !i e a reasonabl$ undistorted output. Also calculate the lo"est sine "a e input fre9uenc$ that can be applied "ithout the phase shift error exceedin! (,. [+] 2,. 1iscuss the desi!n process for an op-amp non-in ertin! )chmitt tri!!er circuit and explain ho" to adIust the tri!!er points. [+] 21.Write a note on free runnin! multi ibrator and one-shot multi ibrator. [12] 22. ?sin! 741 op amp "ith a suppl$ of 8126% 1esi!n an in ertin! )chmitt tri!!er circuit to ha e tri!!er points of 826. [+] 2(. 1ra" the circuit of a #rian!ularK/ectan!ular "a e !enerator "hich has fre9uenc$ and dut$ c$cle controls.sho" all "a eforms and explain the circuit operation [0] 24. discuss the desi!n procedure for a #rian!ularK/ectan!ular "a eform !enerator and "rite the e9uations for calculatin! the component alues. [+] 2+. A trian!ularKrectan!ular si!nal !enerator is to be desi!ned to ha e a +6p-p trian!ular output% a fre9uenc$ ran!in! from 2,,BA to 2 :BA and a dut$ c$cle adIustable for 2,; to 0,;. >ipolar op amp "ith a suppl$ of 81+6 is to be used. 1etermine suitable component alues. [+] 2-. 1ra" the circuit of a 3hase shift oscillator.)*etch the output and feedbac* olta!e "a eforms and explain the circuit operation [+] 27. 1esi!n a phase shift oscillator to ha e an output fre9uenc$ of (.+ :BA. ?se 741 op amp "ith a suppl$ of 8126. [+]

20. >riefl$ explain the operation and desi!n of "ein >rid!e oscillator. 22. 1esi!n an adder circuit usin! an op amp to !et the output expression as 64 F -& ,.161 E 62 E1,6(' "here 61% 62% 6( are the inputs. (,. =or the non-in ertin! inte!rator in fi!. sho" that

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(1. 1esi!n a non on ertin! )chmitt tri!!er circuit% to ha e ?#3FE(6 H <#3F-+6. ?se a 741 op amp "ith suppl$ olta!e of 81+6. (2. With neat circuit dia!ram% explain clamper circuit. ((. ?sin! >I=5# op-amp% desi!n an astable multi ibrator to ha e a 826 output "ith a fre9uenc$ of 1:BA. (4. 1esi!n a monostable multi ibrator circuit to ha e an output pulse "idth of 1ms "hen tri!!ered b$ a 26% 1,,micro-sec input pulse. ?se a 741 op-amp "ith a 8126 suppl$ (+. 1esi!n a "ein brid!e oscillator to ha e an output fre9uenc$ of 1+:BA. ?se >I=5# op amp "ith a suppl$ of 8126. UNIT 5

[+] [-] [+] [2] [4]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. 1efine i. <ineK Input /e!ulation ii. <oad /e!ulation iii. /ipple reIection i . >oostin! IC re!ulator output current [12] 2. Write a note on series op-amp re!ulator. [+] (. 5xplain first order and second order lo" pass filter. [0] 4. 1esi!n a second order >utter"orth lo" pass filter ha in! a upper cutoff fre9uenc$ of 1:hA. 1etermine its fre9uenc$ response. [-] +. Write a note on a' @arro" band pass and b' Wide band pass filter. [-E-] -. 1esi!n a +, BA acti e notch filter. [+] 7. 1esi!n a "ide band reIect filter ha in! fBF4,, BA H f1F2 :BA ha in! pass band !ain as 2. [+] 0. >riefl$ explain a' @arro" band reIect H b' Wide band reIect filter. [12] 2. 1esi!n a second order >utter"orth hi!h pass filter ha in! a lo"er cutoff fre9uenc$ of 1 :BA. [+] 1,. 1esi!n a "ide-band pass filter ha in! f<F4,,BA% f BF2 :BA and pass band !ain of 4. =ind the alue of L of the filter. [+] 11. With the neat functional dia!ram of +++ timer explain the operation of IC +++. [7] 12. )*etch the bloc* dia!ram of IC +++ connected to function as a monostable multi ibrator and also explain "ith the deri ation for pulse "idth [0] 1(. 1esi!n a monostable multi ibrator for 1,,ms pulse "idth usin! IC +++. [(] 14. )*etch the bloc* dia!ram of IC +++ connected to function as a astable multi ibrator and also explain "ith the deri ation [0]. 1+. =or a astable multi ibrator "ith /AF-0 :.% />F(.( :. H CF,.1G=% calculate i. #BIMB ii. #<4W iii. =ree runnin! fre9uenc$ i . 1ut$ c$cle. [0] 1-.?sin! +++ timer IC s*etch )chmitt tri!!er circuit and explain it "ith the "a eform [+] 17. >riefl$ explain the basic bloc* schematic of the 3<<. [0] 10. 1esi!n an astable multi ibrator for an output fre9uenc$ of 1 :BA but a ariable dut$ c$cle of (,; to 7,;. Assume 6CCF 8126. [+] 12. 1efine i. <oc* in ran!e ii. Capture ran!e iii. 3ull-in time [2] 2,. >riefl$ explain the anal$sis of an analo! phase detector. [+] 21. With neat representation explain olta!e controlled oscillator and obtain the expression for 6C4 output fre9uenc$.

22. 1eri e the expression for loc*-in ran!e and capture ran!e 2(. <ist the applications of 3hase loc*ed loop and explain an$ three applications 1. =re9uenc$ multiplication K di ision 2. =re9uenc$ translation (. A7 detection 4. =7 demodulation +. =re9uenc$ shift *e$in! demodulator. [1+] 24. Write short notes on 1. <o" pass filter 2. 7onolithic phase loc*ed loop (. successi e approximation 1AC [2,] 2+. >riefl$ explain "ei!hted resistor 1AC H dra" the transfer characteristics of (-bit 1AC. [1,] 2-.With the neat representation of explain /-2/ ladder 1AC. [0] 27. With the functional dia!ram of A1C% explain A-1 con erters. [1,] 20. =or a boostin! IC re!ulator "ith 65>&4@' F16 and NF1+.Calculate the output current comin! from 70,+ H IC comin! from transistor L1 for loads 1,,.% +.% 1.. [+] 22. )pecif$ suitable component alues to !et 64F7.+6 for the adIustable re!ulator usin! a 70,+ re!ulator. [+] (,. 1esi!n a astable multi ibrator usin! IC+++ timer to !enerate. i. fre9uenc$ 1 :BA "ith ,.7+ dut$ c$cle. ii. =re9uenc$ 1 :BA "ith ,.+ dut$ c$cle [-] (1. =or a +-- 6C4% E6F1,6% /2F 1.2:. and /1F/(F1,:. "ith C1F,.,,1G= i. Calculate the fre9uenc$ of output. ii.Calculate the ariation in f4% if 6c is aried bet"een 7.76 and 2.+6. iii.1ra" the s9uare "a e output if the modulatin! input is sine "a e. [2] (2. =or the monolithic 3<< IC +-+ as in =i! 1. Calculate free runnin! fre9uenc$% loc*-in ran!e and Capture ran!e "here /1F1,:.% C1F,.,1 G=% C2F 1, G=. [+] ((. =or the circuit sho"n in =i!. Calculate the chan!e in loc*-in and capture ran!e if suppl$ olta!es are chan!ed as follo"s E6F126 and O6F -126. [-]

[0] [0]

(4. Calculate output fre9uenc$ f4% loc* ran!e Pf< and capture ran!e delta fC of 3<< if /# F1:.% C#F,.1G=% and filter capacit$ CF1, G= . What is the effect of filter capacitor on capture ran!e. (+. An 0 bit 1AC has an output olta!e ran!e of ,-2++6. 1efine its resolution in t"o "a$s. (-. #he di!ital input for a 4 bit 1AC is ,11,. Calculate its final output olta!e.

[+] [+] [+]

(7. =ind out step siAe and analo! output for 4-bit /-2/ ladder 1AC "hen input is 1,,, and 1111. Assume 6refFE+6.

[+]