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Manual release date: 6 / 8 / 2006. Written by, Nancy Whitehead. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, without prior consent from GEOSOFT Inc.
Manual release date: 6 / 8 / 2006. Written by, Nancy Whitehead. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, without prior consent from GEOSOFT Inc.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
Manual release date: 6 / 8 / 2006. Written by, Nancy Whitehead. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, without prior consent from GEOSOFT Inc.
Droits d'auteur :
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formats disponibles
Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
The software described in this manual is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the license. Manual release date: 6/8/2006. Written by, Nancy Whitehead. Please send comments or questions to info@geosoft.com Copyright Geosoft Inc. 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, reading, or otherwise, without prior consent from Geosoft Inc. Program Copyright Geosoft Inc. 2006. All rights reserved. Geosoft and Oasis montaj are registered trademarks of Geosoft Inc. GEOSOFT, Oasis are trademarks of Geosoft Inc. Windows, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Geosoft Incorporated 8 th Floor 85 Richmond St. W. Toronto, Ontario M5H 2C9 Canada Tel: (416) 369-0111 Fax: (416) 369-9599 Web Site: www.geosoft.com E-mail: info@geosoft.com
Cont ent s Geosoft License Agreement 1 Finding More Help Information 3 Contacting Technical Support 3 Tut or i al 1: Dr i l l hol e Tool s 4 Before you begin 4 Starting a New Project 4 Naming a Drillhole Project 5 Converting an old Wholeplot Database to a Drillhole Project 5 Refresh Drillhole Project 6 Subset Drillhole Project 6 Importing Data 6 Current X and Y Channels 6 Importing Data Files 6 Importing Collar Data 8 Importing Survey Data 12 Importing Geochemical Assay Data 14 Importing Geological Data 16 Saving your Databases 16 Quality Control and Quality Assurance Tests 17 Tut or i al 2: Pl an Maps and Dat a I nt egr at i on 19 Quick Display of the Plan Map 19 Data Integration 21 Displaying a Grid 21 Hiding groups on a Map 22 Tut or i al 3: Sec t i on Maps and Dat a I nt er pr et at i on 24 Selecting Holes 24 Selecting Holes using the Hole Selection Tool 25 Verifying Selected Drillholes 27 Creating a Drillhole Section Map 28 Section Plots 28 Geological Interpretation using CAD Tools 39 Zoom for Better Viewing Detail 40 Create a New Group 40 Tut or i al 4: St r i p Logs and Composi t i ng Tool 42 Creating a Strip Log Plot 42 Using the Compositing Tool 46 Tut or i al 5: Dr i l l 3D Tool 50 Working with the Drill 3D Tool 50 Selecting an Area of Interest 50 Verifying Selected Drillholes 52 Creating a Drill3D Map 53 Working in the 3D View 62 Accessing the 3D Tool 63 3D Tool and 3D Viewer 63 View Tab 63 Planes Tab 64 Axis Tab 64 3D Con 64 Appendi x 1: Set t i ng Dr i l l hol e Pr ef er enc es 66 Appendi x 2: Set t i ng QA/QC Opt i ons 69 QA/QC Collar data options 69 QA/QC - Dip-azimuth survey options 70 QA/QC East-North survey options 70 QA/QC From-To data options 71 QA/QC Point data options 71 Appendi x 3: AGSO Roc k Code Fi l e 73 1 Geosoft License Agreement GEOSOFT agrees to supply the Licensed Program(s) as specified in my purchase order. Geosoft shall grant me a non- transferable, non-exclusi ve license to use the Licensed Program(s), subject to the Terms and Conditions herein contained. Should there be a separate signed agreement between you and Geosoft, or between your company and Geosoft, pertaining to the licensed use of this software, that agreement shall take precedence over the terms of this agreement. 1. DEFINITIONS: In this Agreement: "Licensed Program(s)" means the actual copy of all or any portion of Geosofts proprietary software technology, computer software code, components, dynamic link libraries (DLLs) licensed through the Geosoft license server, including any modifications, improvements or updates provided by GEOSOFT. Effective Date is the date the Geosoft license is installed. This date is recorded by the Geosoft License server when the Licensed Program(s) is installed. "Services" means the Services described on Section 4. "Termination" means the occurrences contemplated by Section 6 and 7. 2. LICENSE: GEOSOFT grants to me a non-transferable and non-exclusive license to use the Licensed Program(s) for my own purposes whereby the Licensed Program(s) are being used only by myself, on one computer, at any one time. Title and all intellectual property rights in and to the License Program(s), including, without limitation, copyright, trade secrets and trade marks, shall remain with GEOSOFT. I agree to refrain from raising any objection or challenge to such intellectual property rights, or from assisting or causing or permitting other(s) to do so, during the term of the Agreement and thereafter I may not assign this Agreement or any part thereof or sub-license the rights granted herein, or lend, rent, time-share, sell or lease the software without the prior written consent of GEOSOFT. I may not attempt to reverse engineer, de-compile or disassemble the software. I may not make any attempt to circumvent the License Manager that controls the access to the software use. 3. TERM: The Term of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until termination, as described in Section 6. 4. SERVICES: (i) According to the terms of my initial purchase, GEOSOFT shall make available to me, without additional fees such corrections and improvements to the Licensed Program(s) as may be generally incorporated into the Licensed Program(s) by GEOSOFT. (Normally this will be for a period of twelve (12) months). (ii) GEOSOFT has a strong commitment to customer service and product support. GEOSOFT offers me, subject to applicable Service Charge(s), continuing support in the form of email or telephone advice and other assistance in problem diagnosis and the correction of errors or faults in the Licensed Program(s) during the life of this License. When a problem occurs which appears to be related to errors or faults in the Licensed Program(s), I may contact GEOSOFT and GEOSOFT will make an honest effort to solve the problem. However, GEOSOFT cannot guarantee service results or represent or warrant that all errors or program defects will be corrected. Also it is to be noted that each Licensed Program is designed to operate on a Windows NT (sp 6 or later), Windows 2000 or Windows XP platform. (iii) Further, if I request service relating to the modification of the Licensed Program(s) to meet a particular need or to conform with a particular operating environment, GEOSOFT may, at its discretion, modify the Licensed Program(s) to meet these particular needs, subject to applicable Services Charge(s). However, all intellectual property or other rights which may arise from such modifications shall reside with GEOSOFT. 5. PROTECTION AND SECURITY OF LICENSED PROGRAM I agree that all additions, modifications, revisions, updates and extensions to the Licensed Program(s) shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions in this agreement. I acknowledge that all copies of the Licensed Program(s), provided by GEOSOFT or made by me pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, translations, compilations, partial copies, modifications, derivative materials and/or updated materials, are proprietary, and the property of GEOSOFT, and may not be distributed to any other persons, without GEOSOFTs prior written consent. I will not provide or otherwise make the Licensed Program(s) available to anyone in any form without GEOSOFT's prior written consent. 6. TERMINATION: This agreement shall terminate upon the termination date, if any, specified in your purchase agreement with Geosoft. This agreement may be terminated only upon thirty-days prior written notice to GEOSOFT. GEOSOFT may terminate this Agreement upon prior written notice effective immediately if I fail to comply with any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement. 2 This Agreement shall terminate automatically upon the institution, or consenting to the institution of proceedings in insolvency or bankruptcy, or upon a trustee in bankruptcy or receiver being appointed for me/us for all or a substantial portion of my/our assets. 7. EVENTS UPON TERMINATION: I shall forthwith discontinue use of the Licensed Program(s), on the day Termination shall occur and agree not to resume such use in the future without written authorization from GEOSOFT. I shall uninstall and remove all software from my computer. Within thirty days after Termination, I shall destroy all physical and digital copies of the Licensed Program(s). This obligation relates, without limitation, to all copies in any form, including translations, compilations, derivatives and updated materials, whether partial or complete, and whether or not modified or merged into other materials as authorized herein. 8. WARRANTY: GEOSOFT does not warrant that the functions contained in the Licensed Program will meet my requirements or will operate in the combinations which may be selected for use by me, or that the operation of the Licensed Program will be uninterrupted or error free or that all program defects will be corrected. Each Licensed Program shall be furnished to me in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. No warranties, either express or implied, are made to me regarding the Licensed Program. THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 9. LIMITATION OF REMEDIES I agree to accept responsibility for the use of the programs to achieve my intended results, and for the results obtained from use of said Program(s). I therefore accept complete responsibility for any decision made based on my use of the aforementioned Licensed Program(s). In no event shall GEOSOFT be liable for any damages arising from performance or non-performance of the Licensed Program(s), or for any lost profits, lost savings or other consequential damages, even if GEOSOFT has been advised of the possibility of such damages, or for any claim against me by any other party. 10. GENERAL: I agree that this Agreement is a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement with GEOSOFT. This Agreement supersedes all previous Agreements with respect to the Licensed Programs, with the exception of a current signed Technical Service Agreements. GEOSOFT is not responsible for failure to fulfill its obligations under the Agreement due to causes beyond its control. Should any part of This Agreement for any reason be declared invalid, such declaration shall not affect the remaining portion which shall remain in full force and effect as if this Agreement had been executed without the invalid portion thereof. The relationship between the parties is that of independent contractors. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute or create a partnership, association, joint venture or agency. The provision of this Agreement shall be binding upon me and GEOSOFT and my respective successors and permitted assigns. This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario and applicable laws of Canada. 11. YEAR 2000: The Licensed Programs have been tested to conform to DISC PD2000 1:1998 Year 2000 Conformity Requirements (www.bsi.org.uk/disc/year2000/2000.html), with the exception of clause 3.3.2, paragraph b. Section 3.3.2 paragraph b) requires that inferences for two-digit year dates greater than or equal to 50 imply 19xx, and those with a value equal to or less than 50 imply 20xx. The Licensed Programs will recognize all two digit years as 19xx. This is to prevent errors importing historical data that pre-dates 1950. All dates that follow 1999 must use four digit dates in the Licensed Programs. 3 Finding More Help Information There are several other functions included in the basic Oasis montaj help system that may be useful to your work. The entire documentation for the system is available through the online help system. This electronic library of information enables us to constantly update the information and provide you with the most up-to-date information available. The best way to find information in this system is to use the Search tab to perform a full-text search of all help topics. If you still cant find the information youre looking for, the Online Books help system contains complete Geosoft manuals and tutorials in Adobe PDF format. Contacting Technical Support The list below provides contact information for Geosoft Technical Support around the world.
North America Geosoft Inc., 85 Richmond St. W., 8th Floor Toronto, Ont., Canada M5H 2C9 Tel +1 (416) 369-0111 Fax +1 (416) 369-9599 Email: tech@geosoft.com Europe and North Africa Geosoft Europe Ltd. 20/21 Market Place, First Floor Wallingford, Oxfordshire United Kingdom OX10 OAD Tel: +44 1491 835 231 Fax: +44 1491 835 281 Email: tech.eu@geosoft.com South America Geosoft Latinoamerica Ltda. Praa Floriano 51 / 19 Andar CEP: 20031-050, Centro Rio de J aneiro, RJ , Brasil Tel: (55-21) 2532-0140 Fax: (55-21) 2532-7197 Email: tech.sa@geosoft.com Australia and Southeast Asia Geosoft Australia Pty. Ltd 350 Hay Street Subiaco, WA Australia, 6008 Tel +61 (8) 9382 1900 Fax +61 (8) 9382 1911 Email: tech.au@geosoft.com South and Central Africa Geosoft Africa Ltd. Buren Building, Second Floor Kasteelpark Office Park c/o Nossob & Jochemus Streets Erasmuskloof X3, Pretoria Tel: +27 12 347 4519 Fax: +27 12 347 6936 Email: tech.za@geosoft.com
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 4 Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools In this tutorial, we will guide you through the key steps necessary to start a new drillhole project and import and verify geological and geochemical data. The procedures in this chapter will show you how to: Start a new drillhole Project (page 4) Import drillhole data (page 6) Apply quality control and quality assurance tests to data (page 17) Before you begin In this tutorial we will be using four drillhole datasets (Collar.csv, Survey.csv, Assay.csv and Geology.csv) that are included with the tutorial dataset in the C:\Program Files\Geosoft\Oasis montaj\data\target directory or on the Geosoft web site. Copy these data files into a working directory such as, D:\Tutorial. Then, open a new Oasis montaj project File|Project|New (e.g., Drillhole.gpf) and load the Drillhole menu GX|Load menu (drillhole.omn). For more information on working in Oasis montaj see the Oasis montaj Quick Start Tutorials from the Help|Manuals and Tutorials menu. Starting a New Project The montaj Drillhole Plotting system has been developed using Geosofts unique three-dimensional database structure. These databases are linked by a common project name that provides easier data management. When you start a new drillhole project the "Collar" database is created and displayed in the project window. Each individual data type will have its own databases. The common project name links the databases. For example, separate databases for collar, survey, assay, and geology are created and linked by project. In a project named "Prospect" the following databases could be created: Prospect_Collar.gdb (collar information) Prospect_Survey.gdb (hole dip-azimuth survey information) Prospect_Geology.gdb (geology information The Geology label is user specified) Prospect_Assays.gdb (assay information - the "Assay" label is user-specified) Note: When the montaj Drillhole Plotting system is used, it scans the open project for all the project databases currently loaded in the project to see which data is available. If you close one of the project databases, it will not be visible to the system and will not be used when processing your data. While working with a drillhole project, if you wish to hide one of the databases, minimize it instead of closing it in order that the montaj Drillhole Plotting system can continue to access it. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 5 Naming a Drillhole Project The drillhole project name will be added, as a prefix, to all of your project databases (collar, survey, assay, geology, and other types of related information). TO NAME A DRILLHOLE PROJECT: 1. On the DH-Data menu, select New project. The Drill Hole New Project dialog is displayed.
2. Specify a New project name (Prospect) and specify the Maximum holes as (500) and you can leave the Maximum data fields per dataset to the default value of (100). We recommend that you specify a number that is representative of the final estimated project size. This strategy ensures that you have enough space available in your project while not consuming excessive storage space. 3. The Project directory displays your current working directory to change this, click the [Directory] button to specify a new working directory. 4. Click the [OK] button. The collar database with the project name (Prospect) is displayed. Converting an old Wholeplot Database to a Drillhole Project Use the Convert to Project menu item to convert an old-style Wholeplot drillhole database into a new montaj Drillhole Plotting drillhole project. Old-style Wholeplot drillhole databases contained not only the collar table, but tables for survey, assay and lithology data. With many holes, this became unwieldy. The new drillhole project divides the data into separate databases, one contains the collar table, one contains the survey information, and there is one database for each type of assay or lithology (geology) data. TO CONVERT AN OLD DRILLHOLE DATABASE TO A DRILLHOLE PROJECT: 1. On the DH-Data menu, select Convert to Project. The Convert old Wholeplot Database to New Multi-DB Project dialog is displayed. 2. Using the Old Wholeplot database file dropdown list, select the database to convert. Then, specify the New Drillhole project name (e.g. Prospect2). 3. Click the [OK] button and the Wholeplot database is converted into a new montaj Drillhole Plotting project. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 6 Refresh Drillhole Project Use the Refresh Project menu item to refresh the constituent drill project databases from the original data sources. Note: This dialog works only with databases that have been created using the wizards for the ASCII, XLS/Database or ODBC imports on databases created since Oasis montaj v6.0. There are two Import mode options available for refreshing a drillhole project, Overwrite and Append/Merge. For more information on refreshing your drillhole project, click the [Help] button on the Refresh Drill Project Data dialog. Subset Drillhole Project Use the Subset project menu item to export a subset drillhole project to a new drillhole project. The project can be subset by selecting all holes, selected holes, or holes selected from the two-panel selection tool. For more information on sub-setting a drillhole project, click the [help] button on the Export to a new Drill project dialog. Importing Data The Drill Hole Import Wizard guides you through the import process, and automatically displays your data in a Spreadsheet window. The spreadsheet window is similar to Excel in appearance with specialized Earth Science capabilities, including built-in data manipulation tools. The purpose of this tutorial is to help you become aware of the key components and capabilities of the Drillhole import process to prepare you for plotting your results in plan and section maps. In this exercise, you will be importing collar, survey, geochemical assay, and geology data. Current X and Y Channels The Drillhole system has implemented current" X and Y (and Z) channels. This feature enables users to select the channels that they would like to use as the current X and Y (and Z) channels (for example, East, North, and Relative Level). Markers have been added to the channel header to indicate which channels are currently defined to be the "current" X, Y (and Z) channels. The markers are little rectangles on the right side of the header cell, and contain "x", "y" (or "z") in reversed display (like the triangle protection symbol on the left). The "z" will be used in Drillhole databases, where DH_EAST ="x", DH_NORTH ="y" and DH_RL ="z". Importing Data Files During drilling, the geologist acquires and integrates data from different sources and formats, including: Drillhole locations - Collar information containing (at a minimum) Hole ID, Easting, Northing and Relative Level (Elevation). Note, that in the data Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 7 example below, the Azimuth, Dip, and Depth are also included in the collar file.
Surveys (Optional) Hole deviation information in either Hole ID, Depth, Azimuth, Dip format or Hole ID, Depth, Easting, Northing, Elevation format. Note that, a survey file is only required if a hole has actually been surveyed and the dip and azimuth change at depth.
From to Data From-To data is data acquired over specified depth intervals down the hole; for example, at a 1 m interval with a measurement starting at 0 m and extending to 139 m. In this tutorial, we will import two types of From- To data: a geochemical assay dataset and a geological rock codes dataset.
Point Data Point data is data acquired in discrete measurements made at a specific depth, for instance 85.6 m. In this example, a Geophysical property log (borehole geophysics) in Single Point data format. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 8
The Drillhole system automatically detects the type of data that is being imported, as discussed above. There are two ways to define drillholes and add data to your project in Drillhole: Import data already stored in CSV/text or XLS/database data format. A common example is a geochemical assay file, which is commonly delivered to you on disk or via email by an assay laboratory in Excel XLS format. Depending on project needs, you may also initially have geological data, collar data or survey data in text or data files. Manually enter data. If you are performing a grassroots exploration project, you may only have one or two holes to work with initially. In this case, you may just want to add some basic collar location or projected survey information to your project. In this part of the tutorial, we will work through the import process of collar, survey, assays and geology data from CSV files. The purpose is to demonstrate standard data formats and show how Drillhole handles each of these situations. Importing Collar Data When entering data in Drillhole, you must start with collar data. The system creates a unique collar database that you can use to view all drillholes in the project at a glance. You can also plot an initial plan map showing all holes for review purposes. A collar file must exist before survey or assay data can be imported, and before plans and sections can be created. The Drillhole system enables the import of data stored in CSV/text or XLS/database data format. In this section, we will work through the import process of collar, survey, assays and geology data from CSV format files. The purpose is to demonstrate standard data formats and show how Drillhole handles each of these situations. Note: For information on importing XLS/Database file formats, see the online help topic Importing Databases using the Search tab in the online help system (Help|Help Topics). TO IMPORT COLLAR DATA: 1. On the DH-Data menu click Import, and then click the Text file. The Drill Hole ASCII Import dialog is displayed. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 9
2. Using the [Browse] button, select the Collars.csv file from your working directory. Note: The Import Mode enables either a previously created database to be overwritten (Overwrite) or new and/or updated drillhole information can be added to a previously created database (Append/Merge). For more information, click the [Help] button. 3. Click the [Wizard] button. The Drill Hole Import Wizard dialog is displayed. 4. Note that the system has determined that the Data Input format is ASCII Data and has intuitively predicted that the Types of Data to import is Hole Collar Data.
Tip: The Drill Hole Import Wizard enables you to easily import data from any ASCII spreadsheet or data file. The Import Wizard supports both Delimited and Fixed Field ASCII files. The Import Wizard also imports Microsoft Excel Comma Seperated Value (CSV), Comma Delimited, White Space Delimited and Tab Delimited data files. The window at the bottom of the dialog box shows the file that is being imported. For more information about Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 10 the Drill Hole Import Wizard settings click the [Help] button on the individual Wizard dialog boxes. 5. Use the horizontal scroll bar to see all of the fields in the file or simply click the [Next>] button. The system displays the second dialog box in the Drill Hole Import Wizard.
6. In this case, the system has determined that the File Type containing the data is Delimited (i.e. separated by commas). 7. In the four fields in the middle of the dialog box specify which line in the file contains the data headings (i.e. channel names), data units (m or ft etc.), which line to begin importing data and the number of lines to display in the preview window. 8. Click the [Next>] button. The system displays the third dialog box in the Drill Hole Import Wizard. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 11
9. Specify the Column delimiters as Microsoft Excel CSV for the type of character used to separate the column text. In this case, the system displays the data in columns by drawing lines in the preview window indicating the way in which it is preparing to import your data. 10. Click the [Next>] button to continue. The system displays the fourth and final dialog box in the Drill Hole Import Wizard. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 12
11. The Import Wizard has scanned your data and determined the type of data with which you are working (i.e. Channel Type). It is always good practice to review your data to ensure that the wizard has selected the correct columns. The Parameters area in the dialog box shows the name and type of data of the column highlighted in the preview window. Note: In the Parameters section, the Data Type for channels that contain alphanumeric data (for example, sample numbers, rock codes etc.) must be classified as String. 12. Click the [Finish] button. The system imports the data (Collars.csv) and displays it in the spreadsheet window. 13. At this point, we recommend that you examine the database carefully. Start by confirming that all columns of data in the original CSV file are present in the database. Note: If you have problems with your data file, the system will attempt to open an ASCII file (dhimp_collar.log) and display a list of warnings or errors. If you have not yet configured a text editor in your system, you may be prompted for one. In this case, search your system for your text editor (i.e. Notepad), which can be located in the Windows directory. Importing Survey Data Various types of surveys (acid, gyroscope, magnetic orientation, etc.) can be used to record hole depth (depth measured from the drillhole collar). For Drillhole, you can use survey data in one of two forms: Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 13
Before importing data, you must make sure that you have all fields as shown in one of these configurations (i.e. these fields are required on import). By convention: Depth is the distance measured into the hole from the collar, increasing from zero. Azimuth is in degrees, increasing positively in a clockwise sense from North (i.e. N is 0 degrees, E is 90 degrees). Depth, Easting, Northing and Elevation are in the same units as default units set in DH-Data\Preferences dialog. TO IMPORT SURVEY DATA: 1. On the DH-Data menu click Import, and then click the Text file. The Drill Hole ASCII Import dialog is displayed.
2. Using the [Browse] button, select the Surveys.csv file from your working directory and click the [Wizard] button. The system scans the file and displays the first of four dialog boxes from the Drill Hole Import Wizard. 3. Note that, the system has determined that the Data Input Format is ASCII Data. The Types of Data to import should default to Dip-Azimuth Survey. Hole Depth Azimuth Dip Hole Depth Easting Northing Elevation Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 14
4. Continue clicking the [Next>] button and work your way through the remaining three dialog boxes. Watch the sequence of screens and note the differences from the Collar Import procedure. 5. In the final dialog box click the [Finish] button. The system imports the data (surveys.csv) and displays it in the spreadsheet window. Importing Geochemical Assay Data Geochemical assay data are typically acquired by obtaining core or rotary drill samples over specific depth ranges (From-To ranges) and sending samples to an assay laboratory. Numerical results are typically returned from the laboratory in electronic format and can be imported quickly into the system. Before import, you must make sure that your data files contain the following information HOLE ID, FROM, TO and a series of ASSAY results. TO IMPORT GEOCHEMICAL DATA: 1. On the DH-Data menu click Import, and then click the Text file. The Drill Hole Ascii Import Wizard dialog is displayed.
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 15 2. Using the [Browse] button, select the Assays.csv file from your working directory and click the [Open] button. The system returns you to the Drill Hole ASCII Import Wizard dialog box and displays the file name you wish to import. 3. Click the [OK] button. The system scans the file and displays the first of five dialog boxes from the Drill Hole Import Wizard. Note that the system has determined that the Data Input Format is ASCII Data. The Types of Data to import should default to From-To Data.
4. Continue clicking the [Next>] button while watching the sequence of dialog boxes and the differences from the previous import procedures. Note: When importing Assay data all elements are assigned the Class ASSAY (Channel Type). Standards and Duplicates are also identified, enabling Chimera Geochemistry users to extract the information using the normal Chimera tools. 5. Before the import is complete, the system displays a fifth dialog box. The purpose of this dialog box is to enable you to specify a unique name or description for your data. The name chosen will be appended to the corresponding holes in the database for easier access and recognition of your data. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 16
6. Specify a Data Name for this data and click the [Finish] button. The system i mports the data (Assays.csv) and displays it in the spreadsheet window. Importing Geological Data The system provides a versatile environment for adding a wide variety of geological parameters ranging from rock codes, extended text descriptions, alteration types, contact data such as fractures or faults, and other core log information that is important in your drilling project. In general, this type of information consists of text but you can also add numerical values, for instance, if you want to retain numeric codes for statistical purposes or you want to run your own advanced classification strategies in Drillhole. TO IMPORT GEOLOGICAL DATA: 1. Repeat the steps in the procedure above, using the geology.csv file. 2. You are now ready to begin working with your data. If this was a real project, more results can always be added later just as easily with the Import Wizard. Saving your Databases It is always a good habit to save changes you make to your databases, including new databases. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 17 TO SAVE YOUR DATABASES: 1. Select (highlight) the database to be saved, and click the Save Database Changes button ( ) on the main toolbar. The database will be saved in your current working directory. Quality Control and Quality Assurance Tests The Drillhole system provides the tools to enable you to perform Quality Control and Quality Assurance tests on each of the five different data types (Collar Data, Dip/Azimuth Survey, Easting-Northing Survey, From-To Data, and Point Data). The Drill hole - QAQC tools dialog asks you to select the type of data to perform the QA/QC tests on. For each data type there are different sets of options you can enable/disable using the [Options] button. The individual QA/QC tests are run automatically during data import. Each test produces its own log file; e.g. Collars (Collars.log), From-To (FromToData.Log), All data (QAQC.log). If no problems are found you receive a message, such as: "No problems were detected with the Dip-Azimuth Survey data." Note: The QA/QC tool also reports on the unregistered holes for each database. That is, lines in the databases which do not correspond to any entry in the collar table. For more detailed information on the options available for each data type, click the [Help] button on the Drill Hole QAQC tools dialog. TO RUN THE QA/QC TEST: 1. On the DH-Data menu click QAQC. The Drill hole - QAQC tools dialog is displayed.
2. From the Data Type to QAQC dropdown list, select the data type you want to perform the QA/QC test on. To see the list of options that the select data type will use for testing, click the [Options] button. In this case, the QA/QC Collar data options dialog is displayed. Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 18
3. Once you have modified your test options, click the [<Back] button to return to the Drill hole - QAQC tools dialog. 4. Click the [OK] button to run the test. If no errors are found the Drillhole QA/QC dialog will be displayed telling you that no errors were detected.
5. Click the [OK] button to close the Drillhole QA/QC dialog. Note: If you run this test on a data type that you do not have in your current project, for example in this case Easting-Northing survey you will be prompted with the DrillholeQA/QC dialog telling you No East-North survey data exists in this Drillhole project and, if you run this test on a data type that has some errors the data log file will be displayed in your project, displaying the problem samples. . Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration 19 Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration Plan maps provide surface views of drillhole collars, co-ordinates, positioning grids, drillhole traces and other information, such as the title block and a list of the holes. In the Drillhole system, plan maps represent an important organizational and navigational tool that enables you to quickly display drillhole collars and evaluate drilling progress, display drillhole traces to help establish subsurface drilling coverage, and construct drillhole sections. The ability to plot a Voxel slice on a Plan map is now available. Use the Voxel|Gridding|Grid Voxels menu to create a Voxel (.Geosoft_Voxel) using the 3D Kriging gridding method. For more information on creating a Voxel, see the Creating a Voxel help topic (use the Search tab in the Oasis montaj Help file to locate the Creating a Voxel help topic). This chapter will show you how to: Quick display of the plan map (page 19) Data integration (page 21) In this tutorial we will be using two datasets (mag.grd and topo.grd) as well as the data imported in the previous tutorial. Copy these datasets into your working directory, e.g. D:\Tutorial. Quick Display of the Plan Map In this exercise, we will quickly construct a plan map showing all drillhole coverage in the project so far. TO CREATE PLAN MAP: 1. On the DH-Plot menu, click Plan map. The Plan Map Parameters dialog is displayed. Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration 20
2. On the Page Layout tab, in the Map Name Tag box, specify (Prospect). The Plan Map Parameters dialog includes intelligent defaults that enable quick plan map creation. You can accept the remaining defaults, and click the [OK] button. The PlanCProspect map is displayed.
Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration 21 3. For more information on the Plan Map Parameters, click the [Help] button on the individual tab dialogs. Data Integration The ability to quickly and easily integrate multi-disciplinary data into your plan (and section) maps is one of the advanced visualization capabilities of the Drillhole system. For example, you may have a magnetic grid supplied by a Geophysicist, or a topography grid that you want to place on your plan view for comparison with your drillholes. Displaying a Grid In this exercise, you will be working with a previously created magnetic grid file (mag.grd). Note that, a topography grid file (topo.grd) is also available for experimentation. The steps of opening grid files are the same for all supported grid formats. Note that, you can now also plot a Voxel slice on a Plan map from the Voxel tab. To create a Voxel using the 3D Kriging gridding method use the Voxel|Gridding|Grid Voxels menu. TO DISPLAY A GRID: 1. Select the Plan map with which you want to work (PlanCProspect.map). 2. On the DH-Plot menu, click the Plan map menu item. The Plan map parameters dialog is displayed.
Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration 22 3. Select the Plan Grid tab and check ( ) the Plot grid or image in plan view box. Using the [Browse] button, select the Grid or image file File name (mag.grd) from your working directory. 4. Leaving the Colour zones File name as the default, click the [OK] button. The grid is displayed on the PlanCProspect.map.
Hiding groups on a Map Sometimes, when you have many groups on a map you may not want to display all of them on your working or final map. The procedure below shows you how to hide a group (in this case a grid file) displayed in your map. The montaj Drillhole Plotting systems Light table technology provides individual transparency settings for every group or layer on a map (both raster images and vector line work). This is useful for adding transparency, or making completely transparent, individual (or multiple) map layers for display and plotting purposes. TO HIDE GROUPS ON A MAP: Make sure your plan map (PlanCProspect.map) is open and selected in your project. 1. On the Mapping toolbar, click the View/Group Manager button ( ). The View/Group Manager Tool is displayed. Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration 23
2. In the dialog box, highlight the group you want to hide, in this case we want to hide the grid (or aggregate) AGG_mag. 3. You can do one of two things; you can remove the check ( ) from the box directly in front of the group icon or 4. You can move the Transparency slider, at the bottom of the View/Group Manager Tool, all the way to the left (Transparency 0%).
5. Using one or both methods, make the grid hidden from view and click the [OK] button on the View|Group Manage Tool to close the tool. 6. The grid is no longer visible on the Plan map (PlanCProspect.map).
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 24 Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation Section maps provide cross sectional views of drillhole traces, co-ordinates, reference grids, assay values and geological units. In the Drillhole system, section maps represent an important tool that enables you to display drillhole traces to help establish subsurface drilling coverage and visualize the geology and related geochemistry beneath the surface. The ability to plot a Voxel slice on a Section map is now available. Use the Voxel|Gridding|Grid Voxels menu to create a Voxel (.Geosoft_Voxel) using the 3D Kriging gridding method. For more information on creating a Voxel, see the Creating a Voxel help topic (use the Search tab in the Oasis montaj Help file to locate the Creating a Voxel help topic). In this chapter, we will guide you through the following procedures: Select drillholes for viewing (page 24) Create drillhole section map (page 28) Geological interpretation using CAD tools (page 39) In this tutorial we will be using the following datasets (mag.grd, topo.grd, Lithology.csv, Regolith.csv) as well as the data imported in the previous tutorial and a surface grid (Au_Surface.grd). Make sure these files have been copied to your working directory, e.g. D:\Tutorial. Selecting Holes A key requirement for the geologists and geochemists that are evaluating and presenting drillhole data is the ability to select various combinations of drillholes for optimal visualization and plotting. The Drillhole system provides a comprehensive set of options for performing this task. The basic methods of hole selections are listed below. Selecting (or Deselecting) All Holes: Enables quick development of master plan maps or resetting of drillholes prior to making new selections. Selecting Holes by Name: Enables batch selection of multiple holes with systematic drillhole identifiers. Requires standard drillhole naming scheme for identifying related holes. For information on Name Mask parameters, click the [Help] button on the Select holes by name dialog. Selecting Holes by List: Enables custom selection of single or multiple holes via a list of all the holes in the database. Requires pre-existing knowledge of holes. Selecting Holes by Plan map: Enables rapid visual selection of single or multiple holes by using a polygon defining tool to select holes along regular or irregular sections, on a plan map. Useful for quick evaluation of project data. Select Holes by Collar table data: Enables custom selection of holes based on values from a channel in the collar table channel. Once a channel from the Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 25 collar table has been selected, the two-panel selection tool is displayed with all the available items which can be selected. Select one or more, and then all holes with corresponding matching values will be selected. Select Holes by polygon File: Enables the selection of holes based on a polygon (PLY) file. This is useful for claims boundaries, etc. Select Holes by the Selection Tool: Enables interactive selection of single or multiple holes by area. The Hole Selection Tool includes a plan view of the drill survey area as well as display and selection tools. In addition, the system also enables you to save and load your selections. Save and/or Load Selections: Enables you to save the current hole selections, or load previous hole selections from a selection file (*.sel). Selecting Holes using the Hole Selection Tool In this exercise, you will be selecting holes by area using the Hole Selection Tool. TheHole Selection Tool enables interactive selection of single or multiple holes using a dialog that displays a plan view of the drillhole survey area. TO SELECT HOLES USING THE HOLE SELECTION TOOL: 7. Make sure your plan map (PlanCProspect.map) is open and selected in your project. 8. On the DH-Plot menu, select Select holes|Selection Tool. The Hole Selection Tool dialog is displayed. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 26
9. Using this tool you can select All holes, Selected holes and holes that include Full Traces or Hole Labels. 10. The drill hole plan view area can be modified using the Zoom In button ( ), the Zoom Out button ( ) and the Zoom Data Extents button ( ). 11. Using the Selection Tools you can click the [Select All] or [Select None] buttons, or depending on the Selection Mode you can Select/Deselect single holes ( ), Select/Deselect using rectangle tool ( ) or Select/Deselect using polygon tool ( ). 12. For this tutorial we will select the nineteen drillholes in the centre of the survey area along 12400N (AX E001, AXE003, AXE005, AXE007, AXE009, SKC238, SKC 239, SKC 247, SKC 251, SKC 254, SKC268, SKR016, SKR017, SKR018, SKR019, SKR020, SKR021, SKR022 and SKR023). 13. To do this, first deselect all holes by clicking the [Select None] button. Then set the Selection Mode to (Select) and using the Select/Deselect using rectangle tool select the drillholes as shown in the image below. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 27
14. When finished click the [OK] button and 19 drillholes in the centre of the survey area will be selected for plotting. Verifying Selected Drillholes There are a variety of methods available in the Drillhole system to determine the holes selected. In this exercise, we will use the Select Holes from List. TO VERIFY SELECTED DRILLHOLES: 1. On the DH-Plot menu, select Select holes|From list. The Select Holes from List tool is displayed. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 28
2. Using this tool you can scroll down through the list of drill holes in the Selected and Not Selected lists to verify that the correct holes have been selected. 3. Using the arrow button select or deselect additional drillholes as needed. Click [OK] to exit the dialog. Creating a Drillhole Section Map In the Drillhole system, section maps represent an important tool that enables you to display drillhole traces to help establish subsurface drilling coverage and visualize the geology and related geochemistry beneath the surface. Section Plots Drillhole section plot options are provided in easy-to-use tab menus, enabling quick access to all the settings from a single dialog. The dialog include sensible defaults; enabling easy creation of drillhole sections. In this exercise, we will construct a East-West section displaying the nineteen selected drillhole traces. The drillhole section map will include the following: Local topography profile plotted across section Geology data displayed along traces using rock code patterns Assay data displayed along traces in a bar chart format Plan map window containing collar locations and magnetic data grid Profile window containing Au assay data profile Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 29 TO CREATE A SECTION PLOT: 1. On the DH-Plot menu, click Section. The Page Layout tab of the Section Parameters dialog is displayed.
2. From the Template dropdown list, select (landscape A4) and for organizational purposes you may want to specify the Map Name Tag the same as the "Project" name (i.e. Prospect). 3. To specify the section map layout, click the [Map Layout] button. The Section Map Layout dialog is displayed.
4. This dialog enables you to specify the layout of your section map. To accept the layout and return to the Page Layout tab, click the [OK] button. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 30 5. Select your Legend parameters and specify the Titles text. To determine Map scale based on the data extents and the selected map template, click the [Auto] button. 6. To specify the section location parameters, select the Section Location tab.
7. Select Section Azimuth as (E-W) and click the [Default] button to set the Location and Orientation parameters. Note: If you select multiple sections each section will be displayed in individual maps. To plot multiple sections on a single map, see the Stacked Sections option. 8. To plot a topography profile across the section, select the Topography tab and select the Plot topography box to enable the topography parameters. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 31
9. Click the [Browse] button and the Select File Type dialog will be displayed.
10. Use this dialog to specify the type of file to be displayed on the section as Gridded topography. You can select any one of the following data types, Gridded topography (GRD, DEM), Datamine Wireframe (DM), or Surpac Vision DTM data. Click the [OK] button and the Select topography grid dialog will be displayed. Using this dialog select the topography grid file (topo.grd) to use to calculate the topographic profile across the section. 11. Click in the Line style box. The Line Attributes tool will be displayed. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 32
12. Use this tool to define the line attributes of the topographic profile. Click the [OK] button to accept the line attributes and return to the Section Parameters dialog. Note: To plot a second or third topography profile, check the appropriate boxes to enable their parameters. 13. To plot geology and assay data along the hole traces in the section, select the Data tab. Note: The Plot boxes enable/disable the Data selection dropdown list. This is a convenient way to select or de-select individual data plots, without clearing or re-selecting the data from the Data lists. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 33
14. Using the Data dropdown lists, select the data channels available in the current project to plot (Au [Assays] and Rock [Geology]). Note: The selections combine the name of the channel, along with the identifier for the project database in which the channel is found. 15. Using the Plot Type dropdown lists, select the plotting types (Bar plot and Rock patterns). Note: Plot Types displayed are based on the data type of the selected Data. Numeric channel selections include; Bar plot, Grid: Kriging, Grid: Min curvature, Grid: TIN based, Numeric bands, Post values, Profile and Structural Ticks. String or text channel selections also include; Comments, Post text, Rock patterns, and Text bands. 16. Click the [Define] button beside the Bar plot Plot Type to define the bar plot parameters. The Bar Plot Parameters dialog is displayed. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 34
17. Using this dialog, you can define the plotting parameters for the Au Assay bar plot. Select the Fill as a Zone File (Au_edited.itr) and click the [Define] button to display the Define Colour Zones dialog.
18. Use this dialog to specify the # Zones, the Distribution and the Maximum Value of the zones. Click the [OK] button to close the dialog and return to the Bar Plot Parameters dialog. 19. We will leave the rest of the parameters to the default values. Click [OK] to return to the Section Parameters dialog. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 35 20. Click the [Define] button beside the Rock patterns Plot Type to define the rock parameters. The Pattern Bands Rock Codes dialog is displayed.
21. In the Plot Parameter box, select Left side (the Bar plot is being plotted on the right side). Then, using the Rock Code File [Browse] button, locate the (Lithology.csv) file from your working directory. Leave the remaining parameters to the default values and click the [OK] button to return to the Section Parameters dialog. Note: An example Rock Code file (AGSO.csv) is also available in your C:\Program Files\Geosoft\Oasis montaj\csv directory. For a detailed view of this file, see Appendix 3: AGSO Rock Code File (page 73). 22. To specify the plan map window parameters, select the Plan View tab. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 36
23. To enable the plotting of a Plan view window on the Section Map, select (check) the Plot plan view box and specify the Trace Style as (Collars) and then to enable the plotting of a grid in the plan view window, select the Plot grid or image in plan view box. Using the [Browse] button, locate and select the grid file to display (mag.grd). 24. To specify the profile window parameters, select the Profiles tab. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 37
25. To enable the plotting of a profile window, select the Plot grid data profiles box. Using the [Browse] button, locate and select the grid file to use (mag.grd) to calculate the profile across the section. Selecting the Line Type box displays the Line Attributes dialog and clicking the [Define] button displays the Profile Options dialog. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 38
26. Use this dialog to specify the profile parameters and click the [OK] button to return to the Section Parameters dialog. 27. Click the [OK] button on the Section Parameters dialog. The section map (S12401NProspect.map) is displayed. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 39
EDITING A GROUP: To edit a group click the View|Group Manager button ( ), the View|Group Manager Tool is displayed. 28. Select (highlight) the group you want to edit. Once a group is highlighted in the View/Group Manager Tool, you can change the properties for that group (moveable, hidden, masked). You can also change the rendering or layering order of the groups by using Geosofts Drag-n-Drop capabilities. 29. To edit the selected group, click the [Edit] button. The selected group will be in edit mode. Hatch marks will be displayed around the group. 30. To resize the entire group, right-click and from the popup menu select, Select All. Sizing handles will now be displayed around the group. 31. When you are satisfied with your changes, right-click and from the popup menu select, End Editing. Note: There are many additional section-plotting options that you can include. As you become more familiar with the system, we recommend that you experiment with the other options to create a custom map of your own. Geological Interpretation using CAD Tools This section is designed to introduce you to the basic map editing and CAD functions available in the montaj Drillhole Plotting system. In this exercise, we will show you Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 40 how to use these tools to draw an interpretation from your geological drillhole data using the following steps: Zoom for better viewing detail Create a new group Drawing lines or polylines ZOOM FOR BETTER VIEWING DETAIL There are six different Zoom options available on the Navigation Bar to enable you to enlarge an area of interest for better viewing detail. For more information on these tools, see the online help topic Navigation Tools Bar using the Search tab in the Oasis montaj Help (Help|Help Topics). CREATE A NEW GROUP Before you add new lines or polylines to your map, you must create a new map group. TO CREATE A NEW GROUP: 1. On the DH-Plot menu, click New group. The Create a new empty group in a view dialog is displayed.
2. Using the View dropdown list, select Section and then, type Interp in the New group name box. 3. Click the [OK] button and the Map Group Editing Bar will be enabled.
Drawing Lines or Polylines You can use the Line ( ) and the Polyline ( ) tools to draw linear features, for example drawing geological interpretations of similar rock types between the drillhole traces. TO DRAW POLYLINES TO CONNECT SIMILAR FEATURES: 1. On the Map Edit toolbar, click the Draw a polyline ( ) button. 2. Draw polylines connecting similar rock types between the drillhole traces. Click the cursor on the place you want the line to start, and then move the mouse, clicking wherever you want to change direction. Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 41 3. When you are finished, right-click the mouse button and select Done from the popup menu. For more information on using CAD tools, see the online help topic Draw Interpretations using the Search tab in the Oasis montaj Help (Help|Help Topics).
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 42 Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool Drillhole strip log options are provided in an easy-to-use tab menu, enabling quick access to all the settings from a single dialog. The dialog includes sensible defaults; enabling easy creation of strip logs. Using the strip log tab dialog you can display up to 16 data/graph type selections in each plot. The compositing tool works with strip log plots to calculate and annotate composite intervals on up to five data selections at once. Creating a Strip Log Plot In this exercise, we will construct a strip log of drillhole SKC247. The strip log will include the following data: Weathering (Geology) Post text & Rock code patterns Rock (Geology) Post text & Rock code patterns Sample (Assay) Post text, Numeric bands & Post values Altered (Geology) Post text Magsus (Geology) Profile Sulphide_pct (Geology) Profile Vein_pct (Geology) Profile TO CREATE A STRIP LOG: 1. On the DH-Plot menu, click Strip Log. The Page Layout tab of the Strip Log Parameters dialog is displayed.
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 43 2. Specify the Layer Name Tag as (Prospect) and in the Holes to plot box, select the Specified hole(s) radio button and from the hole/mask dropdown list select (SKC247). 3. To Plot Legend check the box and type your legend text in the appropriate boxes. 4. To specify the hole trace parameters, select the Hole Trace tab.
5. Specify the Depth Ticks tick interval as 20. 6. To plot the geology and assay data along the hole traces in the strip log, select the Data tab. Note: The Plot boxes enable/disable the Data selection dropdown list. This is a convenient way to select or de-select individual data plots, without clearing or re-selecting the data from the Data lists. Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 44
7. Using the Data dropdown lists, select the data channels available in the current Drillhole project you want to plot (see dialogs above). Note, to advance to the second screen, click the Arrow button(s) ( ) above the [Define] buttons. Note: The selections combine the name of the channel, along with the identifier for the project database in which the channel is found. 8. Using the Plot Type dropdown lists, select the plotting type for the data. Note: Plot Types displayed are based on the type of selected data. 9. To specify the legend parameters, select the Legend tab. Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 45
10. To enable the plotting of a legend, check the Plot Legend box. 11. Select the Location as (Right) and in the Width (cm) box specify (10). 12. To enable the plotting of data information, check the Plot data info box and then select the data information you wish to plot in the legend. 13. Click the [OK] button on the Strip Log Parameters dialog. The strip log map (SKC247Prospect.map) is displayed in the map window and the Project Explorer. Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 46
Using the Compositing Tool The Drillhole compositing tool works with strip log plots to calculate and annotate the average values of assays over specified intervals, on up to five data selections at once. This tool has the added feature of multiple undoes and provides the option to output the intervals to a text file. TO CREATE A COMPOSITE ON A STRIP LOG PLOT: 1. Open and select (highlight) the strip log plot you are working with (SKC247Prospect.map). 2. On the DH-Plot menu, click Compositing Tool. The Compositing Tool dialog is displayed. Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 47
3. You can specify the interval over which to determine the composite value by manually entering the interval in the From and To boxes, or you can select the range of depths interactively from the strip log map, by clicking the [Range] button. Note: When the [Range] button is clicked, the cursor changes to a cross. Click once on any location in the map to define the top or bottom of the interval. The "Box" cursor is then displayed. Move the cursor up or down to the other end of the interval and click a second time to select the full interval. Control is then returned to the compositing tool, and the "From", "To" and "Range" buttons are updated to the selected interval. In addition, the composite values for any selected data will also be updated. 4. Select the range of Au values as shown below:
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 48 5. The selected range and calculated length will be displayed in the From, To and Length boxes. Using the Selected data dropdown list, you can select up to five of the plotted hole graphs, select (7: Au(ppm)). Note that, the graphs are numbered beginning on the left of the Composite map. 6. Click the [Options] button to select how the composite value label is to be displayed with the selected data. The Labelling Options dialog is displayed.
7. Using this dialog you can specify labelling options when plotting composite intervals on the strip log map. For more information on labelling options, click the [Help] button. Click the [OK] button to return to the Compositing Tool.
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 49 8. Click the button to plot that particular composite value to the selected data on the strip log map.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 50 Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool The Drill3D Tool developed for Geosofts Drillhole system enables you to display drillhole, surface and other data types in an interactive three-dimensional environment. Drillholes are displayed in their true three-dimensional location and can have up to two different data types plotted along their trace. Grids created in sectional views (e.g., from Target or Interactiv IP applications) can be displayed directly into the 3D view, in their correct orientation, using Geosofts on-the-fly technology. Other grids and images (including bitmaps and jpegs) can be opened and easily located in any specified orthogonal plane. 3D Voxel grids can also be displayed in a 3D drillhole map and modified using the 3D Tool. 3D Voxels can be created in Oasis montaj using the Voxel|Grid Voxel (GRIDVOX GX) menu item. Using the 3D Tool you can interactively control the transparency of the individual planes, enabling the data to be displayed with a cumulative (light-table) effect. Data such as MapInfo tables and 2D DXF files can be imported directly into the 3D environment and drawn on any surface displayed in the current 3D view. The View|Group Manager Tool enables you to toggle on/off individual groups in the 3D view, enabling changes to the displayed data, without having to recreate 3D maps. All data in the Oasis montaj environment is dynamically linked; from the database through cross-section and map through to the 3D environment. Working with the Drill 3D Tool You can begin creating a Drill3D view once all the appropriate project information has been imported into your drillhole database. The data files provided for the previous tutorials will be used in this tutorial. This tutorial begins with project data (collar, survey, assay, and geology) already imported into the Drillhole system and the Plan map created, opened and displayed. Selecting an Area of Interest To begin, we need to select the area that we would like to concentrate on from the project Plan map. This will enable us to display only the area of the project that is of interest to us. TO SELECT DRILLHOLE: 1. Make sure your plan map (PlanCProspect.map) is open and selected in your project. Note that, using the View|Group Manager you can hide (uncheck) the grid (AGG_mag). Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 51
Note: Because we had previously selected holes to plot sections, we need to first deselect all holes. Then, we will select a new different group of holes for 3D plotting. 2. On the DH-Plot menu, select Select holes|Deselect all holes. All drillholes will be deselected. 3. On the DH-Plot menu, select Select holes|From plan map. The Define polygon dialog will be displayed.
4. Click the [OK] button to interactively define a polygon on your map. 5. Using your mouse, define a polygon around the holes in the centre bottom portion of the drill area, as shown below. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 52
6. When finished, click the right mouse button and select Done from the popup menu. The system selects the holes within the defined boundary. Verifying Selected Drillholes There are a variety of methods available in the Drillhole system to determine the holes selected. In this exercise, we will use the Selection Tool. TO VERIFY SELECTED DRILLHOLES: 1. On the DH-Plot menu, select Select holes| Selection Tool. The Hole Selection Tool is displayed. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 53
2. Using this tool you can verify that the holes from the correct location have been selected. 3. If additional holes need to be added or removed there are a number of methods for doing so using the Hole Selection Tool? For more information click the [Help] button, click [OK] to exit the dialog. Create a 3D Voxel Grid The ability to create a 3D Voxel grid using the 3D Kriging gridding method and to display the Voxel grid in a 3D Drillhole section map is now available. In addition to creating and displaying 3D Voxel Models, additional tools are available enabling users to report and modify information about Geosoft Voxel Models, including statistical and coordinate system information. Users can also import Geosoft (GDB and XYZ) files, GOCAD and UBC (3D Model and MSH) files and export Geosoft Voxel files (.Geosoft_Voxel) to Geosoft (GDB and XYZ), GOCAD and UBC files. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 54 TO CREATE A DRILLHOLE 3D VOXEL GRID: 1. Select the holes you would like included in your 3D Voxel grid using one of the DH-Plot|Select holes menu items. 2. Then, select (highlight) the project database containing the data you want to make into a 3D Voxel. For example, select Prospect_Assays.gdb. 3. On the Voxel menu, select Grid Voxels. The Create Voxel from Database dialog is displayed.
4. In the Voxel file to Generate box, specify the name of your new Voxel file as Au_voxel. Note that the extension (.geosoft_voxel) will be added to your voxel name. 5. In the Error Voxel to Generate box, specify the name of the error voxel file (optional) as Au. Then, using the Channel to Grid dropdown list, select Au. The remaining default parameters are acceptable. 6. To access advanced gridding parameters, click the [Advanced>] button. However, you can leave these parameters to the intelligent default values and click the [OK] button to continue, the Place a Voxel in a 3D view dialog will be displayed.
7. Click the [OK] button and the 3D Controls dialog is displayed. This dialog is used to specify the 3D Voxel viewing parameters. We will accept the default parameters and click the [OK] button to create the voxel file Au_voxel.geosoft_voxel and display the Voxel in a 3D view. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 55
8. When you display a 3D Voxel grid in the 3D Viewer the 3D Tool is also displayed. The 3D Tool now also includes a Voxels tab that enables you to modify a variety of Voxel parameters to enhance your view of the Voxel. For example, you can specify the transparency of the Voxel and the data range for the Data, and the X, Y and Z coordinates of the Voxel. For more information, select the Voxel tab on the 3D Tool and press the <F1>key, to display the 3D Voxel Tab online help topic. 9. You can close the 3D Viewer window and the map file (Au_voxel.map) as we will be using the Voxel grid file when we create our Drill3D Map. Creating a Drill3D Map Drill3D provides a new perspective to traditional drillhole data. You can now view borehole traces and gridded data from different anglesin 3 dimensions, making it easier to spot the relationship between surface and sub-surface features. 1. On the DHPlot menu, select 3D Map. The 3D Map Parameters dialog will be displayed. The first tab Page Layout is displayed by default. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 56
2. In the Map Name box, enter a map name (Drill3D). 3. The following page layout parameters can be controlled from this tab; selecting paper size using the Template dropdown menu, specifying the Margins (cm) that surround the plot area, the Background Colour of the 3D view, the Axis Colour and Font used for annotating the 3D view, selecting to Plot Legend (right side of map), including company Logo (image file) and specifying the map Titles. 4. For the purpose of this tutorial, well just accept the intelligent default values and selected the Hole Traces tab. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 57
5. This tab dialog includes the following drillhole trace parameters; Width and Colour of the hole trace, the Hole Labels including location, annotations, text size, colour and font, and Depth Ticks (annotations etc.) along the hole trace. Change the Tick Interval (m) to (50) and we will accept the remaining default values and select the Data tab.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 58 6. The Data and Plot type is selected from dropdown lists, just as you would select data for your Plans or Sections. For this exercise, we selected Au (Assay) to be plotted as Numeric bands and Rock (Geology) as Post Text. Note: In Drill3D only two sets of data can be plotted down hole along the trace (Left side and Right side). When these data appear in the 3D Viewer, the point-of- view will always remain the same, no matter how the image is rotated, panned or zoomed; i.e. the Au numeric band will always appear down the left-hand side of the trace in this 3D view. 7. Plan oriented Gridded data can also be created from this tab. In this case, we will grid the Au data using a minimum curvature technique (Kriging and a TIN based technique are also available). 8. To define the Gridded data parameters, click the [Define] button. The Minimum Curvature Gridding dialog is displayed.
9. The Data channel (column) to be gridded is displayed as Au (Assay). You can add a File name tag to the grid; this is useful when distinguishing between grids created using different gridding parameters. 10. For this tutorial we will use the default Colour zone file (note that, this is the same Colour zone file used for the Numeric bands). 11. In the Location section of the tab, specify the Relative Level as (225) and we will leave the Averaging Interval to the default value of (1) This means that data within one metre of this elevation will be used to create the grid, the values being averaged for this thickness. 12. We also specified in the Multiple Grids section that we wanted (3) grids in total, incrementing at (50) metres downwards (i.e. 225RL, 275RL and 325RL). 13. To specify that the log of the data be used to create the gridded image (which should be done with all log distributed Assay data), we selected the [Advanced Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 59 gridding options] button. The Minimum Curvature Advance Options dialog box is displayed.
14. Using the Log option dropdown list, select (log) and in the Log minimum box, specify (0.01). Note that, the minimum value for the Au channel (column) is 0.01. Click the [OK] button to return to the previous dialog. 15. The final parameter on the gridding parameters dialog is the Transparency. Using the slider you can control the level of transparency of the gridded data in the 3D view. For this exercise, we set the slider to approximately half way or 50%. 16. Click the [OK] button to return to the previous dialog. 17. Select the Topography tab. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 60
18. Check the Plot topography box to enable the topography parameters. 19. Using the [Browse] buttons, locate (in your working directory) the Topography grid file topo.grd and the Overlay grid on topography file mag.grd. Note that, in this case we are using the topography grid to display the surface relief and colouring the surface using a magnetic grid image. 20. Check the Grid Clipping box, and specify 10 metres (ground units) for the Border size. 21. Using the Transparency slider set the transparency of this plane to approximately 50%. Then, select the Voxel tab. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 61
22. Check the Plot voxel file box to enable the voxel parameters. 23. Using the [Browse] button, locate (in your working directory) the Voxel grid file Au_voxel.geosoft_voxel. Then, using the [Browse] button, locate (in the Geosoft tbl directory) the Colour zone file colour.tbl. 24. Using the Transparency slider set the transparency of the Voxel to approximately 50%. 25. The final tab Load/Save is used to save the map and data parameters to file for either sharing with other users or so these particular map settings can be used at a later date. For the purposes of this tutorial, we will not save. 26. Click the [OK] button and the Drill3D map will be created and display in your current project. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 62
27. Using the Voxel tab on the 3D Tool move the Transparency slider approximately 50% and change the left Data value box to (0.3) (i.e. window the data between the lowest value and 0.3). Your Drill3D.map should look similar to the map above. Working in the 3D View The Drill3D map includes drillhole traces and attributes, grid and or image files, and map surrounds. Using the View/Group Manager Tool ( ) you can view the different views and groups in the 3D map.
Note: To select the View/Group Manager Tool in the Project Explorer, select the Drill3D.map file in the Project Explorer, right-click and from the popup menu select Show View/Group manager tool for this map. Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 63 Accessing the 3D Tool 1. Open and select (highlight) the Drill3D.map and on the Map Tools Bar click the Select or change the current view ( ) button. 2. On the map (Drill3D.map) select the 3D view, right click and from the popup menu select 3D Viewer. The 3D Viewer and 3D Tool will be displayed.
3D Tool and 3D Viewer The 3D Tool consists of a dialog with five tabs and a 3D Viewer. Each tab enables you modify different aspects of the 3D View within the 3D Viewer. tab enables you to modify the overall view of the 3D View on a map. tab enables you to modify the individual planes within each 3D View tab enables you to add labels, axis, and a box around the 3D View. tab enables you to adjust the rendering resolution in the 3D tool. tab enables you to modify the appearance of the Voxel in your 3D View VIEW TAB The View tab displays the visualisation controls for viewing in 3DRotate, Zoom and Pan (these controls can also be selected from the popup menu, displayed when you right click in the 3D Viewer). The Centre button resets the focus point of the view and the current 3D View is centred in the 3D Viewer (independent of the zoom). The Slider bar controls the brightness of the image. The Inclination, Declination and Distance are the current viewing parameters, relative to the central point. Inclination and declination can be fixed, so when Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 64 rotating, that particular angle will always be used (e.g. fixing inclination at 25 degrees will only allow a rotating view around the central point where the point of view is locked at 25 degrees above the horizon). PLANES TAB The Planes tab enables you to modify the individual planes within each 3D View. This tab controls the display and viewing characteristics of surfaces and images displayed in the 3D Viewer. All the planes in the 3D view are listed in the drop down box; in the example in this tutorial the three gridded image of Au are listed as planes (225RL,275RL and 325RL) and the topography that we draped the magnetics image over is listed as surface (by default). If the Plane is a flat surface, i.e. the image is not draped over a topographic relief surface, only the Offset and the Transparency can be controlled. If the Plane has a topographic surface (i.e. has X, Y and depth components) there are additional controls: Sample the sampling resolution of the relief surface grid (16 to 512, 256 is the default) Base the base value of the grid relative to the Z-axis. Zero (0) implies that the relief surfaces Z values are relative to the Z-axis. Scale the vertical exaggeration of the relief surface. A scale of 1 indicates that the relief surface is to true scale. Clip min and max minimum and maximum values in the relief grid. These can be set to clip higher or lower values in a surface. AXIS TAB The Axis tab enables you to annotate the X, Y and Z-axis with whatever nomenclature you wish to use. For clarity, we entered; Easting, Northing and Depth for this tutorial. 3D CON The 3Dcon tab enables you to set the rendering resolution for 3D Views. Full rendering occurs every time you modify the 3D view and the view is redrawn, fast rendering occurs when the image is constantly in motion; for example while rotating, zooming or panning. For users with graphics cards that are of low memory (below 64Mb) and/or slower processors, then it is recommended to leave these at the default settings while working in the 3D environment as it makes heavy use of the resources in the video card. Note: The controls on this tab are system controls and changes made to this tab will affect all 3D maps in your Oasis montaj system. For more information on working in 3D Views download the technical note, Drill3D from the Geosoft web site at: http://www.geosoft.com/resources/technotes/index.asp Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 65 VOXEL TAB The 3D Voxel tab enables you to modify the appearance of the Voxel in your 3D view. For example you can select the Colour Tool, Voxel statistics, add a Box around the Voxel, display Voxel grid lines, specify the transparency of the Voxel and the data range for the Data, and the X, Y and Z coordinates of the Voxel. For more information on working in 3D Views download the technical note, Drill3D from the Geosoft web site at: http://www.geosoft.com/resources/technotes/index.asp
Appendix 1: Setting Drillhole Preferences 66 Appendix 1: Setting Drillhole Preferences Drillhole preferences are global variables, and remain set for a given installation of Drillhole. This means they remain the same for different data sets and projects. The values are stored in the Advanced Settings dialog. Note: Drillholes Advanced Settings (Edit|Settings|Advanced) have been upgraded in version 6.0. Advanced settings are now displayed in a Metadata Browser, which makes it easy to see all your settings. The settings metadata browser replaces the Geosoft.ini file found in previous versions. TO SET DRILLHOLE PREFERENCES: 1. On the DH-Data menu, click Preferences. The Drill Hole Preferences dialog is displayed.
2. You can use this dialog to set the specified global variables as shown in the chart below: Map template Select a standard template to be used to define the map layout. The map layout includes the media size, map margins and page orientation. Rock codes list file (*.csv) Two rock codes data files (asgo.csv and rockcode.csv) are provided, and can be found in the C:\Program Files\Geosoft\Oasis montaj\user\csv directory. You can specify one of these files or your own standard rock codes list file (in CSV format). If you generate your own CSV files these should be stored in the /Oasis montaj\user\csv directory. Appendix 1: Setting Drillhole Preferences 67 Structure codes list file (*.csv) The structure codes and their associated colours are normally used with point (single-depth) data and are used to colour structure symbols such as structural ticks, tadpole plots, and symbols in Stereonet plots. Resurveying method Resurveying is the mathematical process whereby a series of measurements of dip and azimuth taken at depths down a borehole are converted into (X, Y, Z) coordinates. Two methods are currently available: Radius of Curvature method is the original resurveying method used in previous versions of Drillhole. It synthesizes the trace as a collection of circular segments, each starting and ending at a single (dip, azimuth, depth) location. Polynomial Fit method models the traces as the polynomial of a given order which best fits the set of (dip, azimuth, and depth) values. The higher the order specified, the better the fit, with a trade-off in the overall smoothness of the hole trace. Order for polynomial fit This parameter is used for the Polynomial Fit resurveying method, described above. The order of the polynomial is reduced to no greater than the number of (dip, azimuth, depth) values, and a maximum of 20. The larger this number, the more accurately the dip and azimuth are matched at each surveyed hole depth. The smaller the number, the smoother the final hole traces. Hole discretization interval The resurveying process calculates the hole location at a spacing determined by this interval. This interval also determines the accuracy of intersection and cut-off points, such as when a hole leaves or enters the current view "slice", and also averaging functions used when plotting graphs of data down the holes. Hole survey dip angle sign (downward) Drillhole has always used the convention that dip is negative downward, so that vertically downward is 90.0. Normally, though, vertically down is +90 degrees, and selecting the "positive" setting will cause Drillhole to interpret all dip values in a Drillhole database in this manner. This simplifies the import of data from other packages or formats where dips are positive downward. This convention is applied at plotting time, so if all your holes go up instead of down change this convention to correct things. Right/left for posted data Use the dropdown list to select the method for posting data on a map. Two methods are currently available: Hole reference, the side on which data is plotted is decided with reference to the direction of the hole. If you turn the map so that the collar is "up" and the hole runs down, then left and right are as viewed at that time. Map reference, Drillhole looks at the orientation of the hole on the current map, and adjusts the plotting side accordingly. This is done with reference to the collar orientation, so cases where a hole plots nearly horizontally in a map can give somewhat unpredictable results. N-S Sections face. Use the dropdown list to select the direction N-S sections face. By default, N-S sections are defined with an azimuth of 0 degrees, facing west; so that South is to the left and North is to the right, and the northing value increases from left to right. Traditionally, N-S sections have been defined with an azimuth of 180 degrees, facing east; so that North is to the left, South is to the right, and Appendix 1: Setting Drillhole Preferences 68 the northing value decreases from left to right. Auto-convert negatives on Import? If Yes, all values in channels set to be ASSAY type are scanned on import, and those values less than zero are replaced by positive values one-half the size (e.g. values are multiplied by 0.5). Use mask channel for plotting/export? If a default mask channel is specified (see note below), then you may use enable the usage of the mask channel to select and deselect individual data points when plotting data, or exporting data to a file. Note: As of v5.1.3, the initial values in the mask channel are set to 1, so all points are automatically selected upon import of data. Previous to v5.1.3, these values were initialized to dummy "*", so they must be re-set manually to 1 in order for your data to be selected once you enable the use of the mask channel. Failure to set any values to 1 may result in errors such as the inability to determine the range of selected data (since no data is selected). Default mask channel If a mask channel is specified, and if the use of a mask channel is enabled (above), then only those data values where the corresponding mask value is not a dummy "*" will be used for plotting, or when exporting data. (NOTE: that "0", although logically a "NO", is treated as a non-dummy, so the data remains selected. Only the dummy "*" can be used to mask out data. Values can be set to dummy by selecting them in the database, then pressing the space bar.) When plotting, those points or intervals which are "masked out" will not appear, nor will depth ticks appear for these values. If no mask channel is specified, no masking occurs, even if the "use mask channel" value is set to "yes". The default mask channel has its "Class" set to "MASK", and so is recognized inside Chimera as a valid mask channel. Only the "Mask" channel or those channels with "MASK" class are listed in the drop-down box. Azimuth magnetic declination correction Many down-hole surveys are conducted with a Kodak-Eastman survey device, which records the azimuth in relation to a magnetic compass bearing. In this case the azimuth values recorded in the collar table and dip-azimuth survey databases do not give the "true" azimuth measured relative to north. This value will be added to the collar table and survey database azimuth values before the resurveying of holes for plotting in plans, sections etc. For instance, if magnetic north is 10 degrees west of true north, and the stored azimuth values are given relative to this value, put the value "-10" as the correction. An azimuth of 10 will then be corrected to 0 (true north) before the hole is re-surveyed. In effect, holes are rotated around the collar position by the correction angle. 3. Click the [OK] button to accept the Drillhole Preferences. Note: For more information on Drillhole Preferences, click the [Help] button. Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options 69 Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options The Drillhole system provides the tools to enable you to perform Quality Control & Quality Assurance tests on each of the five different data types (Collar Data, Dip/Azimuth Survey, Easting-Northing Survey, From-To Data, and Point Data). The Drill hole- QAQC tools dialog asks you to select the type of data to perform the QA/QC tests on. For each type there are a different set of options you can enable/disable using the [Options] button. All are enabled by default except the hole curvature test. This parameter requires you to specify a value for the curvature -- if it is set it to 0 or left blank the test doesn't run. The system saves the settings to the geosoft.ini file in your C:\arcgis\arcexe83\Geosoft\user\ini directory. The individual QAQC tests are run automatically during data import. Each test produces its own log file; e.g. Collars (Collars.log), From-To (FromToData.Log), All data (QAQC.log). If no problems are found you receive a message such as: "No problems were detected with the Dip-Azimuth Survey data." The following sections detail the QA/QC options available for each data type. QA/QC Collar data options The following table lists the options for the Collar data type. Option Description Dummy East, North or RL Values of East, North or RL that are dummy values are flagged. Duplicated Locations Duplicated collar locations are flagged. Though multiple holes can be drilled from the same collar, this may indicate a data entry error. Reversed Easting/Northing A simple test is performed on each collar location: The area covered by all the collars if each hole location (one at a time) is specified with Easting and Northings reversed is compared to the original area. This test succeeds because reversing the two values generally produces a location far away from the rest of the collars, and the total area covered by all the holes changes markedly. This test can break down if more than a single collars Eastings and Northings are reversed. Dip out of range 90 to 90 Dips outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy dips are set to 90 or 90, depending on the defined dip sign convention. Azimuth out of range -360 to 360 Azimuths outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy azimuth values are set to 0. Dip sign discrepancy If a dip value has the opposite sign of the current dip convention, it is flagged. This would indicate a hole heading back to the surface. Top of hole depth less than 0 While the collar may be located at a distance down the hole from the original Top value, it cannot be located before the start of the hole itself. This error is reported just once per hole in any single database. Hole depth less than 0 The hole depth should be greater than or equal to 0. Hole depths in the range 0 to 1.0 are reset to 1.0 on import so that the start of the hole will plot on maps. This error is reported just once per hole in any single database. Hole depth less than top of hole The total depth of the hole must exceed the location of the start of the hole. Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options 70 QA/QC - Dip-azimuth survey options The following table lists the options for the Dip-azimuth survey data type. Note: All are enabled by default except the hole curvature test. This parameter requires you to specify a value for the curvature -- if it is set it to 0 or left blank the test doesn't run. Option Description Dummy Depth Values of depth that are dummy values are flagged. Depth less than hole top Values of depth less than the defined hole top depth are flagged. This error is reported just once per hole in any single database. Depth greater than hole bottom Values of depth greater than the defined hole bottom depth are flagged. The hole bottom depth is automatically reset to the maximum hole depth defined in the survey. This error is reported just once per hole in any single database. Duplicated Depths Duplicated depth values are flagged. Only one dip-azimuth value can be defined at a single depth. Out-of-sequence Depths Depths that decrease from the previous value are flagged. Depths should increase. Out- of-sequence depths may indicate an error in the depth values. In practice, depths are sorted before the hole is re-surveyed. Dummy Dip or Azimuth Flags dip or azimuth values which are undefined. The last dip and azimuth for a hole may be left undefined (dummy). Dip out of range 90 to 90 Dips outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy dips are set to 90 or 90, depending on the defined dip sign convention. Azimuth out of range -360 to 360 Azimuths outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy azimuth values are set to 0. Dip sign discrepancy If a dip value has the opposite sign of the current dip convention, it is flagged. This would indicate a hole heading back to the surface. Max curvature - degrees per meter (or feet) One indication of erroneous depth, dip or azimuth values is the creation of a hole that bends crazily at a certain location. Curvature is the mathematical description of how fast the borehole bends. If this value is left blank, or zero, no check is performed. A maximum of 10 degrees per meter means that it would be okay if the hole could be formed into a circle with a circumference of 36 meters. QA/QC East-North survey options The following table lists the options for the East-North survey data type. Note: All are enabled by default except the hole curvature test. This parameter requires you to specify a value for the curvature -- if it is set it to 0 or left blank the test doesn't run. Option Description Dummy East, North or RL Values of East, North or RL that are dummy values are flagged. Duplicated Locations Duplicated depth values are flagged. Only one dip-azimuth value can be defined at a single depth. Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options 71 Reversed Easting/Northing A simple test is performed on each surveyed location: The horizontal (East-North) distance between successive hole locations is measured, then compared with the distance if the East and North values in the second location are reversed. This test succeeds because reversing the two values generally produces a location far away from the rest of the points, but has the opposite effect if the values were reversed to begin with. This test can break down if more than a single locations Eastings and Northings are reversed. Broken trend in RL Generally a descending hole continues to descend and an ascending hole continues to ascend. This test flags locations where the change in successive RL changes sign. This can occur legitimately when a hole passes through the horizontal, but normally occurs due to an error in the RL value. Max curvature - degrees per meter (or feet) One indication of erroneous east, north or RL h values is the creation of a hole that bends crazily at a certain location. Curvature is the mathematical description of how fast the borehole bends. If this value is left blank, or zero, no check is performed. A maximum of 10 degrees per meter means that it would be okay if the hole could be formed into a circle with a circumference of 36 meters. QA/QC From-To data options The following table lists the options for the From-To data data type. Option Description Dummy From or To Values of depth that are dummy values are flagged. From greater than To Intervals are flagged if the From value is greater than the To value. Intervals cannot have negative thickness. From equals To Intervals are flagged if the From value is equal the To value. Some Point data sets are represented as From-To data sets with the From and To values equal, so this test is not always desired. From or To less than hole top No data can be plotted above the top of the surveyed hole. In practice, intervals are truncated to the top of the surveyed hole depth. This error is reported just once per hole in any single database. From or To greater than hole bottom No data can be plotted beyond the surveyed hole depth. In practice, intervals are truncated to the surveyed hole depth. This error is reported just once per hole in any single database. Duplicated From-To intervals Only a single data definition can exist for any given From-To interval, so duplicates will be ignored when plotting. Out-of-sequence Intervals Intervals that decrease from the previous value are flagged. Depths should increase. Out-of-sequence intervals may indicate an error in the depth values. In practice, intervals are sorted before plotting. Overlapping intervals Intervals are flagged if they overlap with the previous interval. The From of the second interval must be greater than or equal the To of the previous interval. Missing intervals Intervals where the From value is greater than the previous intervals To value are flagged. In practice, this situation is often valid. Its presence in data that is supposed to be complete in depth may indicate an error in one of the From or To values. Duplicated sample numbers In some data sets, such as geochemical data, each measurement is identified with a unique sample number or code. This test looks for duplicated sample numbers (codes). QA/QC Point data options The following table lists the options for the Point data data type. Option Description Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options 72 Dummy Depth Values of depth that are dummy values are flagged. Depth less than hole top No data can be plotted above the top of the surveyed hole In practice, no data points less than the surveyed hole top depth are plotted. Depth greater than hole bottom No data can be plotted beyond the surveyed hole depth. In practice, no data points greater than the surveyed hole depth are plotted. Duplicated Depths Only a single data definition can exist for any given depth, so duplicates will be ignored when plotting. Out-of-sequence Depths Depths that decrease from the previous value are flagged. Depths should increase. Out- of-sequence depths may indicate an error in the depth values. In practice, data are sorted by depth before plotting. Duplicated sample numbers In some data sets, such as geochemical data, each measurement is identified with a unique sample number or code. This test looks for duplicated sample numbers (codes).
Appendix 3: AGSO Rock Code File 73 Appendix 3: AGSO Rock Code File The following image displays the Rock Codes found in the AGSO.csv file, which is included with the Drillhole system and can be found in your C:\Program Files\Geosoft\Oasis montaj\csv directory. The image below includes the Code, Description, Pattern and Pattern Code for every rock code in the AGSO.csv file.