Russia

Eastern Europe Constantinople

Silk Road

Black Sea

Bosporus Strait

Mediterranean Sea

Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire

Answer the questions in the blank boxes. Provide detailed information and support your answer with examples. Chapter begins on p. 269.

Why did Constantinople become the most important and successful of the two Roman capitals?

Role of Constantinople

Trade:
1. Black/Baltic/Mediterranean 2. Silk Road

Years of Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire:

1. 395 2. 1453

Protection from Invaders:

1. High Walls 2. Water Moat and Peninsula 3. Further from barbarians 1. 2. 3. 4.

What did it preserve?

Greco-Roman Culture Roman Territory Christianity Law, etc.

Accomplishments of Byzantine Emperor, Justinian

Fully explain all four of the accomplishments he is most well-known for in the provided space.
Justinian ruled with absolute power. Constantinople was the wealthiest city in the world with much territory and trade from Asia and Europe. Justinians Code over 5000 Roman Laws were reviewed and modified to create the laws of the Byzantine Empire. The Code became a model for later European societies. Preserved Christianity, art, architecture, aqueducts, forums, roads, law, territory, knowledge, language, and more. Justinian conquered most Roman territory around the Mediterranean. Byzantine Empire at its largest size.

Wealth and Power

Classical GrecoRoman Culture

Roman Law

Size of the Empire

Christian Influences in Byzantine Art & Architecture

Describe these famous achievements and explain where they could be found.

ICONS:

MOSAICS:

HAGIA SOPHIA:

Christian artwork of Jesus, Mary, Apostles, Saints, martyrs, and even the emperor.

Small pieces of glass, tile, or ceramic, laid in a pattern to create a design.

Currently a museum, and a one time a mosque, the structure was originally the largest church in the world for 1000 years. Uses Roman engineering.

Schism/Split of the Early Christine Church

The Early Christian Church split after church officials in areas once occupied by the Roman Empire, disagreed over important religious rules and beliefs. Give complete descriptions of each religious sect.

Roman Catholic
Location: Rome Language: Latin Power of Pope: absolute power over church and state Celibacy: Priests devote life to their religion and may not have romantic relationships Divorce: not permitted

Greek Orthodox
Location: Constantinople Language: Greek or other regional language Power of Patriarch: shares control of church with bishops Marriage of Priests: may marry Divorce: permissible in certain circumstances

Ex. Who is an iconoclast & what was the debate over icons? An icon-breaker. Some believed icons were blasphemous.

The Byzantine Empire Influences its neighbors, the Slavs of Russia and Eastern Europe
Through trade between the Black and Baltic Seas & the Silk Road, the Byzantine Empire, Russia, and Eastern Europe exchanged ideas and culture. Describe each major Byzantine influence in the space provided.

RELIGION
Adopted Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Many missionaries from the Byzantine Empire converted people. Now the largest religion in Russia

ALPHABET
Saint Cyril created this alphabet based on the oral language of the Slavs and the written language of the Byzantines to allow more Slavs to read the Bible and convert to Christianity.

ART
Adopted icons, mosaics, and domes from the Byzantines.