The purpose of discipline pharmacotoxicology: Formation of basic knowledge about the main concepts about the risk of side

effects and possible poisonings, etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the most common poisonings that pharmacists may encounter in practical work, the indentification of pharmacological principles and place of pharmaceutical drugs in the pharmacotherapy of such poisoning. Formation Objectives in the discipline of pharmacotoxicology: Knowledge and understanding level to know the group membership of the drug substance (toxic). to determine the drug substance toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion routes). to learn toxicodynamics drugs (main effects, mechanism of action). to study the side effects. to appreciate the main indications and contraindications. pon completion of the sub!ect the student will be able to" Know" #he content and tasks of pharmatoxicology. $efinition of acute intoxication. %auses and spread of drug intoxication. #he relations of pharmatoxicology with the medico&biological, pharmaceutical and clinical disciplines #he content toxicokinetics and toxicodinamycs. #he classification of adverse reactions to drugs. #he etiology, and clinical toxicodynamics of acute drug intoxication. rgent assistance measures in case of poisoning. #he notion of antidotes and their classification. 'pplication level to determine the group membership of the specific drug (toxic). to prescribe medicines used to treat poisoning in all possible pharmaceutical forms. to select specific instructions for preparation of the specific drug (toxic). to select the side effects for the drug specific (toxic). to select measures and principles of pharmacotherapy in acute drug poisoning. to reduce the likelihood of accidental administration, of overdose or issuing of prescriptions with incompatible substances, the pharmacist must determine more (ualitatively the medical receipt by deepening and broadening knowledge about drug incompatibility (toxicodynamics, toxicokinetics), drug interference with food. )ntegration level to determine the position and importance of the discipline of *harmatoxicology across disciplines provided by study plan (pharmaceutical profile, medico&biological, clinical). form basic knowledge relating to the the main concepts of the risk of side effects and possible poisoning, etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the most common poisoning that may occur pharmacist in practical work. the indentification of pharmacological principles and place of pharmaceutical drugs such as poisoning.

 to accumulate a certain amount of knowledge on the pharmacological and interdisciplinary level, the pharmacist will form abilities to consult the doctor about the most common poisonings, first aid, on toxicological chemistry problems, toxicology of herbs etc. Conditioning and preliminary requirements: *harmacotoxicology is a department of toxicology that studies side effects to drugs, acute and chronic drug intoxications, pathological states caused by drugs, their prevention and ways to render first aid. #he sub!ect is one of the core disciplines for preparing future pharmacists and tries to present the risks involved in using groundlessly or abusively certain drug groups. 'lthough drugs are used for prevention, improvement or treatment of certain diseases, they present some degree of risk. +edication consumption currently has greatly increased worldwide, especially in the area of developed countries. ,asically it is impossible in conditions of increased drug consumption, self&medication and polypragmasia not to appear negative aspects represented by side effects, drug poisoning, which represent a new disease of the civili-ation & .drug disease.. *harmacotoxicology as a necessary and important discipline in preparing future pharmacists combines knowledge from many fields of medico&biological disciplines and experience of clinicians in practical use of drugs, knowledge that is continuously perfected by doctors in the light of the progress of experimental and clinical pharmacology, and sciences of pharmaceutical profile. *harmacology has an important role, for it helps to determine the main directions and tasks of pharmacological intervention in poisonings/ the analysis of pharmacological groups of drugs and special drugs used in etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment/ characteri-ation of drugs, whose basic action is intended to correct the modified function of the effector system and principles of drug treatment, given the clinical manifestations and variants of intoxication assessment/ prognosis of the possible undesirable effects of drugs/ pharmacological and herbal therapy, which re(uire determining the main directions and tasks of pharmacological intervention in poisonings, analysis of pharmacological groups of drugs and special preparations used in etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment/ characteri-ation of preparations, basic action of which is intended at correcting the altered function of effector system and principles of drug treatment, given the clinical manifestations and variants intoxication assessment, prognosis of the possible undesirable effects of preparations. Suggestions for individual activity: From the pedagogical point of view, one of the most effective methods for learning the material studied during lectures and practical lessons in *harmacotoxicology is the extensive use of means of audio&visual training in the form of slides, tables, charts, figures, videos or tapes. #o be successful in ac(uiring studying Farmacotoxicology the student should try to be more specific in listing each ob!ective. #o argue what he wants to achieve through his study stating the end result. #he act of learning begins with setting learning ob!ectives" what to be learned and to what extent, what is he to know and able to do at the end of the act of learning. +otivation in learning is ac(uired depending on the student0s receptivity to the new knowledge and the degree of engagement in the learning activity. +otivation in learning is the energetic, stimulating and directional foundation of the whole learning process. )t is vital for the learning efficiency, motivation being the engine of the whole behavior, thus and of the leaning process as well. 1ne the important factors that ensure the control, dynamic and progress in learning, influencing directly the motivational

system of learning is the permanent knowledge of the results of learning. #his factor acts as a motivational source and orientation and security element in the process of learning determining the increase of involvement of the person in relation to the learning tasks. 1f big importance in the effective learning of the material of *harmacotoxicology is the rational time management. 'ccording to the re(uirements in force, per each hour of study spent in direct contact with the professor, the student must work individually 2,3 4 5 hours. #hus, for a sufficient learning of *harmacotoxicology the student form the faculty of *harmacy must work individually at least 6 hours per week.