--.

UDC 666.972: 691.32: 620.1

DEUTSCHE NORM

June 1991

Testi n9 concrete
Testing of hardened concrete (specimens prepared in mould)
PrOfverfahren fOr Beton; Festbe!on, gesondert hergestellte Probekorper

DIN 1048
Part 5 This standard, together with DIN 1048 Part 1, June 1991 edition, supersedes DIN 1048 Part 1, December 1978 edition. Organization for Standardization
,.

In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.

This standard has been prepared by Section VII Beton und Stahlbeton I Deutscher AusschuB fUr Stahlbeton of the NormenausschuB Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). ~ q; co :> oj '" c Dimensions in mm

Contents
Page

Page
5.3 Treatment after

Ed Z a>
> ,'".~

'"

1 Scope and field 0' application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Sampling 2.3 Number of 1

compaction.

......... .. .. 3
3

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:s ~E ~:;

2.1 Suitability testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.2 Qualitytesting and testing of hardened concrete 1

specimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6.1 General 6.2 Compressive strength and static modulus of

6 Curing 0' specimens.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .

3 3 3
4

elasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water permeability.

3 Shape and size of specimens. ..... ........ 1 3.1 General 1 3.2 Compressive strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.3 Flexural strength.

6.3 Flexural strength and tensile splitting strength.

6.4

.. ..................

0"a

.. ........ .. .........

0.0 'ij .- :g :J Eo ~.<:;

c "

3.4 Tensile splitting strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.5 Static modulus of elasticity. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.6 Water permeability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 4 Apparatus 4.1 Moulds 2 4.2 Accessories.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.3 Test equipment. . . .~................... 2 ~ -5 Specimen preparation.

7 Testing 7.1 Density 7.2 Compressive 7.4 Tensile

strength.

7.3 Flexural strength.

. ... ... ............ .. 4

4 4 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 4

" 0.-" ~ '" a c

~:~ a> 0 -= " '" '" '" 0'" '"c .~.s '" .: " '"

. . .. . . .. . . 5 7.5 Static modulus of elasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.6 Water permeability. .. .................. 6 7.7 Moisture content. ....... .... ....... .... 6 7.4.2 Prismatic and cubic specimens.

splittingstrength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.4.1 Cylindricalspecimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

" :J E ~ '" a> eC)

5.1 General ~2 Compaction

... ............... 2
2 3

8 Testreport. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standards

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8

referred

to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1 Scope and field of application

This standard specifies methods of testing the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile splitting strength, static modulus of elasticity, water permeability and moisture content of hardened concrete as defined in subclause 2.1 of DIN 1045, July 1988 edition, and in DIN 4232. The assessment of test results and the requirements to be met by concrete are covered in DIN 1045.

The type of mixer used, mixing time, ambient temperature and concrete temperature shall be recorded. 2.2 Quality testing and testing of hardened

concrete*) ~ For quality testing and testing of hardened concrete, sampling and specimen preparation are generally carried out on site, the samples member. being taken from the con-

crete intended to be used for a particular structural 2.3 Number of specimens Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards
'.

2 2.1

Sampling Suitability testlng*)

For suitability testing, the specimens shall be prepared using a mould and taking into account the property of concrete to be determined. The concrete shall be mixed from the materials intended for use in the actual structure. Their origin and the concrete composition shall be recorded. Once all the constituent materials have been added, the concrete shall be mixed in a DIN 459 mixer.

(e.g. DIN 1045) or specifications, be prepared for each test.

three specimens

shall

If

3 Shape and size of specimens 3.1 General The minimum specimen dimensions shall be at least equal to fourtimesthe maximumttggregateparticlesize. *) Cf. subclause 7.4 of DIN 1045for definition.
Continued on pages 2 to 8

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Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
05.93

DIN 1048 Part 5

Engl.

Price group 6
Sales No. 0106

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Page 2

DIN 1048 Part 5

3.2 Compressive strength For determining the compressive strength, either 100mm, 150 mm, 200 mm or 300 mm concrete cubes or cylinders 100mm, 150 mm, 200 mni or 300 mm in diameter and with a height to diameter ratio of 2, shall be used.

3.3 Flexural strength

For determining the flexural strength, moulded concrete beams, preferably 150mm x 150mm x 7oomm in size, shall be used.1) Where the maximum aggregate particle size necessitates the use of larger beams, these shall be 200 mm x 200 mm x 900 mm. 3.4 Tensile splitting strength The specimens used for determining the tensile splitting strength should preferably be cylinders 150mm in diameter and 300 mm in height. Alternatively, beams may be used provided that the length to width ratio of the cross section is not more than 1: 1,5.

a) Collar complying with DIN51 229, which can be securely and tightlyfastened to the mould. Its height shall be approximately equal to the edge length of cubes, or approximately 1,5 times the diameter of cylinders, or 200 mm in the case of beams. b) Steel rule. c) Vibratingtable complying with DIN 4235 Part 3, or internal vibrator complying with DtN4235 Part 2, preferably with a diameter of not less than 35 mm. d) Tamper with a mass of approximately 12 kg, having a rectangular or circular end. .
4.3 Test equipment Strength properties shall be tested

using a DIN 51 223

compression testing machine or a DIN51 227 bend testing machine. For the purposes of internal control (I.e. on-site control) by types E and W concrete testing
laboratories, they shall conform to at least class 3 as specified in DIN 51 220, and in all other cases, to at least class 2, the machine class requirements being verified by a certificate not more than two years old, issued by an accredited test house2). Testing machines used for verification purposes (cf. DIN51 300) shall meet at least the requirements Jor class 2 when tested as specified in DIN51 302 Part 1. Compliance with the requirements shall be verified by a test certificate not more than one year old or, where internal control (e.g. using a pressure transducer) is carried out at intervals of three months, by a test certificate not more than two years old, issued by an accredited test house2). The static modulus of elasticity shall be determined using a DIN51223 compression testing machine of at least class 2, capable of maintaining the applied load constant for approximately one minute. Length measuring instruments (e.g. mirror or dial gauge extensometers, inductance gauges) and strain measuring devices (e.g. strain gauges) shall have a gauge length of not less than five times the diameter of the maximum aggregate particle size, with a minimum of 80 mm. The sensitivity of instruments shall be such that a maximum change in length of 511m/m will cause a change of 1 mm for analog indication or, in the case of digital indication, of one increment (cf. DIN1319Part 2). The permeability test may be carried out using any equipment suitable for the procedure specified in subclause 7.6 and which permits specimens complying with the specifications of subclause 3.6, to be placed in such a way that the water pressure acts either from above or below the specimen, and permits the unexposed faces to be observed for signs of water permeation (Cf.figure 1). The internal diameter of the sealing ring as installed shall be 100 mm for specimens up to 200 mm edge length or diameter, and 150 mm for specimens with an edge length or diameter of 300 mm.

3.5 Static modulus of elasticity

r
I I I

The specimens used for determining the static modulus of elasticity should preferably be cylinders 150 mm in diameter and approximately 300 mm in height. For special applications, specimens 100mm, 150 mm or 200 mm in diameter may be used, provided that the height to diameter ratio is not less than 2 nor more than 4. For prisms with a side length (of the end faces) of 100 mm, 150 mm or 200 mm, the height to side length ratio shall be not less than 3 and not more than 4. Different results may be obtained when testing specimens prepared from the 'same concrete but different in size3.6 Water permeability Up to a maximum aggregate particle size of 32 mm, the specimens used for determining the water permeability should preferably be slabs 200 mm x 200 mm x 120mm in size. Alternatively, 200 mm cubes or circular slabs 150 mm in diameter may be used. Where the maximum particle size exceeds 32 mm, 300 mm cubes or square slabs, or circular slabs 300 mm in diameter, shall be used. The slab thickness shall be at least 120mm, where the particle size is 32 mm or more. (Otherwise, it shall be at least equal to four times the diameter of the maximum particle size.) For special applications, and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in subclause 3.1, 150mm cubes or square slabs may be used.
4 Apparatus 4.1 Moulds Specimens shall be prepared using a mould complying with DIN 51229*).

l
i -

Specimen preparation

5.1 General
If the fresh concrete sample has to be transported, it shall be protected against its losing or gaining water, and against the effect of frost, heat, etc. To this effect, the sample shall be transported in a sealed container, 1) In road construction,
beams 100 mm x 150 mm x 700 mm in size shall be used for testing.

Square slabs for the water permeability test may also be made using a cubic mould, which shall be provided with an internal lining of non-absorbent material before the specimens are cast.
4.2 Accessories shall be used for preparing

The following accessories the specimens.

2) Cf. Explanatory notes, last paragraph. *) At present at stage of draft.

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DIN.1048 Part 5 Page 3

Water pressure ~
Sealing ring

0 N

...
Support

200

Figure 1. Typical arrangement for determining the water permeability of 200 mm x 200 mm x 120 mm slabs made of non-absorbent material, which shall be dampened before filling with concrete. Specimen preparation shall be started as soon as possible after sampling and, except for concrete with a prolonged workability time, completed not later than 90

100
Figure 2. Compacting with immersion vibrator when preparing 150mm x 150mm x 700mm long beams only being compacted by vibrating or rOdding, and porous lightweight aggregate concrete, only by rodding, in each case to a degree sufficient to provide a density not greater than that in the structure or structural member. When compacting concrete containing aggregates of significantly different particle densities (e.g. lightweight concrete with natural sand), care shall be taken to ensure that the coarse material does not segregate. 5.3 Treatment after compaction Immediately after compaction, the excess concrete shall be struck off and the concrete surface smoothed level with the top of the mould by means of a steel rule. The specimens so produced shall be clearly and durably marked. the marking incorporating the date of specimen preparation. 6 Curing of specimens 6.1 General During hardening, the concrete shall be protected from vibration. Once the concrete has hardened sufficiently, usually after 16 hours. the specimens shall be carefully demoulded. Until testing, they may be left on the baseplate to reduce the risk of damage. Immediately after preparation, specimens for suitability and quality testing shall be stored in the mould in a closed room at a draught-free location, protected from loss of water, at a temperature of 15 to 22C (preferably at (20:1:: 2) C). After demoulding they shall be placed on gratings and cured in water or in a moist cabinet at 15 to 22 C (preferably at (20:1:: 2) C). During storage in a moist cabinet, lightweight concrete specimens shall be protected against the absorption of further moisture (e.g. by wrapping them in suitable sheeting). Prior to testing, hardened concrete specimens shall be stored in the mould and further cured under conditions as similar as possible to those existing in the concrete intended for use in the structure.

minutes after the addition of water.

Before the specimens are cast, the internal surface of the mould shall be thinly coated with oil, grease or release agent. Where the concrete is compacted by vibration, a collar may be fitted on the mould. The mould shall be filled with concrete to give an excess of about 20 to 30 mm above its edge after compaction. For the preparation of specimens with an hid ratio greater than 2, moulds with collar shall be vibrated during filling. Slabs used for the water permeability test shall be prepared with the mould. standing upright so that in the test, the water pressure will act normal to the mould-filling direction. 5.2 Compaction Immediately after filling the mould, the concrete shall be compacted so that its degree of compaction is as close as possible to that in the structural member. Where concrete is compacted by means of an internal vibrator (ct subclause 4.2), this shall be introduced vertically at the centre of the mould when preparing cubes, slabs and cylindrical specimens, and, additionally, at each of the four corners in the case of 300 mm cubes. When preparing 700 mm long beams, the vibrator shall be placed at an angle into the concrete at not less than four points along the long axis of the mould, and at further points in the case of longer beams (cf. figure 2). The vibrator shall be immersed to a depth of approximately 20 mm above the base of the mould and left in this position until the formation of air bubbles of significant size has markedly decreased. It shall then be gradually withdrawn from the concrete so that the hole left by the vibrator closes fully without any air being entrapped. Air-entrained concrete may only be compacted by means of an internal vibrator if this procedure is also adopted for the concrete used in the structure. Concrete of consistence range KS may also be compacted by tamping, using a tamper as described in subclause 4.2, and concrete of consistence range KF, by rodding. Concrete used for the preparation of permeability test specimens is always to be compacted by vibration. For the compaction of lightweight concrete, under an imposed load if necessary, use of vibrating tables is recommended, dense lightweight aggregate' concrete

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6.2 Compressive strength and stallc modulus o' elasticity Specimens for determining the compressive strength (cf.subclause 7.2) and the static modulus of elasticity (cl. subclause 7.5) shall be moist-cured for seven days after preparation. then placed on gratings and

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Page 4

DIN 1048 Part 5

Cubes shall be placed in the testing machine so that the mould-filling direction is normal to the direction of loading, and cylinders so that the load is applied to the end faces. The specimen shall be placed on the lower platen of the testing machine and aligned with the centre of the thrust of the machine using a centring device wherever possible. Use of packing between the specimen and the platens is not permitted. The surface of the platens shall be free from oil residues. The load shall not be applied until the upper platen of the testing machine is in full contact over its entire area with the upper surface of the specimen. The load shall be applied steadily so as to increase the stress at a rate of (O,5:I: 0.2) N/mm2 per second. The compressive strength. fJo. in N/mm2, shall be calculated from the following equation: 13D =

r
I

stored at a draught-free location at a temperature of 15 to 22C (preferably at (20 :I: 2) C). 6.3 Flexural strength and tensile splitting strength

Specimens for determining the flexural strength and tensile splitting strength (ct. subclauses 7.3 and 7.4) shall be cured in water at a temperature of 15 to 22 C (preferably at (20:I: 2) C). After removal from the water, the specimens shall be covered with a damp cloth and stored for a maximum of one hour until testing. 6.4 Water permeability

Immediately after demoulding the specimens, the circular areas (100 mm or 150 mm in diameter) to be subjected to water pressure (cf. subclause 7.6) shall be roughened by wire brushing and the specimens then placed on gratings and cured In water at a temperature of 15 to 22C (preferably at (20 :I: 2) C) until testing. 7 Testing 7.1 Density The density of hardened concrete, tlR, in kg/m3, shall be determined for the specimens prepared for strength testing, using the following equation: f2R= mlV where m is the specimen mass, in kg; V is the specimen volume, in m3. The volume shall be determined by measuring the specimen dimensions to an accuracy of 1 mm and the specimen mass determined to an accuracy of 20 g. The density obtained shall be given to the nearest 10kg/m3. The density shall be determined before applying any capping layers necessary for further testing (ct subclauses 7.2 to 7.5). From I?R,the dry density, I?Rd'shall be calculated using the following equation: l1R
I?Rd

F/A

(2)

I~
I

where F is the maximum load, in N; A is the area of the platens, in mm2, calculated from the side lengths of the specimen, measured to an accuracy of 1 mm at mid-height of the specimens. The compressive strength shall be given to the nearest 1 N/mm2 for values of 10N/mm2 or more, and to the nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values below 10 N/mm2. 7.3 Flexural strength For flexure testing, beams shall be placed in the testing machine so that the mould-filling direction is normal to the direction of loading (cf. figure 3). The supporting and loading rollers of the testing machine shall have'a circular cross section with a diameter of 20 mm to 40 mm and be at least 10 mm longer than the width of the beam. They shall be arranged so that the beam is supported over a span that is 100 mm less than the beam length and that two equal loads, FI2, act at the third-points of the span, thE! roller axes lying in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the beam (cf. figure 3)3). Loading shall not be started until the loading rollers have been slowly lowered onto the specimen and all rollers are in full contact with the beam. The load shall be applied so as to increase the stress at a rate of (O,05:I:0,02) N/mm2 per second, until failure, this being equivalent to a rate of loading of approxi3) Where the concrete is intended to be used in road construction, beams 100 mm in height, 150 mm in width and 700 mm in length shalt be placed in the machine so that the original finished surface is in tension. They shall be supported over a span of 600 mm and subjected to a central load (i.e. onepoint loading). The points of contact between specimen and rollers shall be capped with mortar strips approximately 30 mm wide. A minor unevenness of the surface may also be compensated for by rubber strips of Shore A hardness (50:I: 5) as in DIN 53 50S, 5 mm thick and not less than 20 mm wide. The load shall be applied so as to increase the stress at a rate of approximately 0,1 N/mm2 per second until failure, this being equivalent to a rate of 170 N/s. The flexural loading of approximately strength, 13Bz'shall be calculated from the following equation:

I
I

= 100+h

.100

(1)

where h is the moisture content to be determined as specified in subclause 7.7. 7.2 :>-. Compressive strength

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Before each test, it shall be checked whether the specimen surfaces to be subjected to testing are plane to within 0,1 mm. Where surfaces are uneven or not parallel, they shall be ground by the wet method or capped, to a thickness not exceeding 3 mm. The capping material shall normally consist of a cement mortar composed of one part by mass of Z 45 F or Z 55 cement complying with DIN1164 Part 1 and one part by mass of washed natural sand of particle size group 0/1 complying with DIN 4226 Part 1. The mixture shall be applied by means of a glass or steel capping plate so as to obtain plane and square end surfaces. The specimens shall then be stored in moist air for 48 hours at a temperature of 15 to 22C (preferably at (20:I: 2) C) and tested at an age of not less than three days. After grinding or capping, the specimens shall be further cured as specified before testing. Specimens to be dry-cured shall not be tested within 24 hours after grinding or capping. The faces of specimens to be tested at an age of up to seven days shall be wiped dry with a cloth after moist curing and the specimens stored for approximately one hour at ambient temperature before testing.

I3Bz= b.iz2

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DIN1048 Part 5 Page 5

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Figure 3.

Loading arrangement for 150mm x 150mm x 700 mm long beam (two-point loading)

Packing strips, 5mm thick, 10 mm wide Figure 4. Arrangement of loading of cylindrical specimens for determining the tensile splitting strength 7.4.2 Prlsmade and cubic specimens Prismatic and cubic specimens (e.g. pieces remaining from flexure testing, cubes, etc.) shall be placed in the testing machine, with packing strips (cf. subclause 7.4.1) positioned along the top and bottom of the plane of loading of the specimen. The load shall be applied as a line load on the moulded faces in such a way that the fracture plane will cross the trowelled surface (cf.figure 5). The load shall act along the entire width of the specimen. The packing strips shall be located on the moulded faces so that the upper strip Is directly over the lower strip, their distance from the specimen end being at least equal to half the specimen height. The load shall be applied steadily so as to increase the stress at a rate of (0,05 ~ 0,02) N/mm2 per second, this being equivalent to a rate of loading of approximately 1750N/s for a 150 mm square beam. The tensile splitting strength, !3sz, in N/mm2, shall be calculated from the following equation: /3sz =~ O,64F 7(".b.h-/;:h

mately 280 N/s for a 150mm x 150 mm x 700 mm beam and of approximately 500 N/s for a 200 mm x 200 mm x 900 mm beam3). The flexural strength, 13BZ, in N/mm2, shall be calculated from the following equation: F./ (4) 13az= b.h2 where F is the breaking load, including the self-weight of the loading rollers (if relevant), in N; / is the span between the supporting rollers, in mm; b is the beam width at the point of failure, in mm; h is the beam height at the point of failure, in mm. band h shall be measured to an accuracy of 1mm and 13BZ be given to the nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values of 1 N/mm2 or more, and to the nearest 0,01 N/mm2 for values below 1N/mm2. 7.4 Tensile splitting strength 7.4.1 Cylindrical 8peclmens A concrete cylinder shall be placed centrally between the platens of a testing machine of the type used for compression testing. Packing strips, 10 mm wide and 5mm thick, preferably made of plywood, with a density of 850 kg/m3, as specified in DIN68 750, or of F 5 or H 1 compacted felt complying with DIN61 200 shall be placed between the platens and the cylinder (cf. figure 4). Loading shall not be started until platens, packing strips and specimen are in full contact with each other. The load shall be applied so as to increase the stress at a rate of (0,05 ~ 0,02) N/mm2 per second, this being equivalent to a rate of loading of approximately 3500 N/s for cylindrical specimens 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm in length. The tensile splitting strength, 13sz, in N/mm2, shall be calculated from the following equation: !3sz =~= 7(".d./ O,64F d.l (5)

(6)

where F is the maximum load, in N; b is the width of the specimen (as shown in figure 5), in mm; h is the height of the specimen (as shown in figure 5), in mm. band h shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 mm and !3sz given to the nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values of 1 N/mm2 or more, and to the nearest 0,01 N/mm2 for values below 1 N/mm2. 7.5 Sialic modulu8 of elasticity The static modulus of elasticity in compression is the secant modulus calculated as the ratio of a given stress to the corresponding strain (normally determined for specimens at an age of 28 days). Unless otherwise specified, the upper loading stress, 0"0' shall be approximately one-third of the compressive strength, 13, of the specimen, determined as the mean from three companion specimens, from the same batch as those to be used for determining the static modulus of elasticity, and made and cured under similar conditions. Where the modulus of

where F is the maximum load, in N; d is the specimen diameter, in mm; I is the specimen length, in mm. d and I shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 mm and 13sz given to the nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values of 1N/mm2 or more, and to the nearest 0,01 N/mm2 for values below 1N/mm2.

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DIN 1048 Part 5

0', in N/mm2

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N3O

Time, t, in 5

Packing strips, 5 mm thick, 10 mm wide

Figure 5. Arrangement

of loading of prismatic and cubic specimens for determining the tensile splitting strength

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elasticity is to be determined at a specific stress (e.g. at a stress equal to f3Rt2,1 (cf. DIN1045)), this stress shall be used as upper loading stress. The specimen surfaces subjected to compression shall be plane and smooth (cf. subclause 7.2). The length measuring instruments shall be attached on opposite sides of the specimen and parallel to its axis in such a way that the gauge points are symmetrical about the middle of the specimen and are not nearer to either end of the specimen than a distance equal to half its diameter for cylindrical and equal to the larger side length of the end face for prismatic specimens. The specimen shall be placed centrally in the testing machine and the upper platen aligned so that it is in full contact with the sp-;cimen. The specimen shall be subjected to a basic stress of approximately 0,5 Ntmm2 (O'u) and the actual stress calculated on the basis of the cross-sectional area at mid-height of the specimen. Loading and unloading shall be carried out at a rate of (0,51: 0,2) Ntmm2 per second, in accordance with the loading diagram shown in figure 6. After all elasticity measurements have been completed, the specimen shall be loaded at the specified rate until failure (cf. subclause 7.2). If the compressive strength of the specimen differs from the mean value by more than 20%, this shall be stated in the test report. The static modulus of elasticity in compression, Eb' in Ntmm2, shall be calculated from the following equation:
Eb = 6.0'/6.13' = 0'0 - O'u
Eo - Eu

In the above diagram, A is the point of reading the basic stress, O'u (and corresponding strain, Eu, and gauge length lu' respectively), prior to the third loading cycle; 8 is the point of reading the upper stress, (and corresponding strain, co' and gauge length, 10, respectively), during the third loading cycle; t is the time of loading and unloading resulting from the rate of loading and unloading. Figure 6. Stress-time diagram for determining the modulus of elasticity
0'0

pressure. It shall normally be carried out when the age of the concrete is 28 to 35 days. A concrete specimen shall be exposed either from above or below to a water pressure of 0,5 N/mm2 acting normal to the mould-filling direction, for a period of three days. This pressure shall be kept constant throughout the test. If water penetrates through to the underside of the specimen, the test may be terminated and the specimen rejected as failed. It shall be checked whether and when the unexposed specimen faces show signs of water permeation. Immediately after the pressure has been released, the specimen shall be removed and split down the centre, with the face which was exposed to water facing down. When the split faces show signs of drying (after about 5 to 10 minutes), the maximum depth of penetration in the direction of slab thickness, shall be meaestablished. The mean of the maximum depth of penetration obtained from three specimens thus tested shall be taken as the test result. 7.7 Moisture content For determining the moisture content, broken pieces of specimens that have been tested in accordance with subclauses 7.2 to 7.5 shall be weighed immediately after testing and then dried to constant mass at a temperature of 105C. Constant mass shall be deemed reached when the mass determined by weighing after 24 hours does not change by more than 1%0. The moisture content shall be calculated as the ratio of the difference in mass to the mass of the dried specimen, as a percentage, using the following equation:
h

sured, . in mm, and the extent of water permeation

(7)

where 0'0 is the upper stress during third loading cycle, in Nt mm2; O'uis the basic stress prior to third loading cycle, in Nt mm2; Eo is the mean strain under the upper loading stress at point 8 (cf. figure 6); Eu is the mean strain under the basic loading stress at point A (cf. figure 6). The modulus of elasticity shall be given to the nearest
100 N/mm2.

= mh -

md .100

md

(8)

where mh is the specimen mass before drying, in g; md is the specimen mass after drying, in g.

7.6 Water permeability The permeability test gives a measure of the resistance of concrete against the penetration of water exerting

8 Test report Thetest report shall include all informationrelevantfor assessment of the test results.

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8.1 Information to be provided by the manufacturer or representative of the test house taking samples: a) sampling site and structural member from where the specimens originate; b) date of specimen preparation and, if appropriate, place and method of sampling; c) identification of specimens; d) conditions of storage and curing of specimens until supplied to the testing laboratory; e) required properties of the concrete. 8.2 Information to be provided by the test house: a) date of receipt of the specimens; b) appearance of specimens wh.en received; c) identification of specimens; d) conditions of storage and curing until testing (including binders used in capping or grinding method) e) date of test;

DIN 1048 Part 5

Page 7

f) age of specimens at start of test; g) specimen dimensions; h) density of specimens prior to testing as specified in subclauses 7.2 to 7.7: individual and mean values; i) results of testing as specified in subclause 7.2 to 7.7: individual and mean values; j) any occurrences that might have affected the test results. 8.3 Additional information to be provided where the static modulus of elasticity was determined: a) type of measuring Instruments and gauge length; b) basic loading stress; c) upper loading stress; d) mean strain under upper and basic loading stress; e) calculated static modulus of elasticity in compression.

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Page 8 Standards
DIN DIN

DIN 1048 Part 5

referred

to

459 1045

Concrete mixers; concepts, sizes and requirements Structural use of concrete; design and construction blastfurnace slag and trass cement; concepts, constituents, requirements and supply

DIN 1164 Part 1 Portland, Portland blastfurnace,

DIN DIN DIN DIN DIN

1319 Part 2 Basic concepts in metrology; terminology relating to the use of measuring instruments 4226 Part 1 Aggregates for concrete; aggregates of dense structure (heavy aggregates); terminology, designation and requirements 4232 No fines lightweight concrete walls; design and construction 4235 Part 2 Compaction of concrete by vibration; compacting with internal vibrators 4235 Part 3 Compaction of concrete by vibration; compacting with external vibrators in the production of precast elements Materials testing machines; general Materials testing machines; compression testing machines; requirements Materials testing machines; bend testing machines (at present at stage of draft) Moulds for concrete specimens

DIN 51 220 DIN 51 223 DIN 51 227 DIN 51 229 DIN 51 300 I.

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Materials testing machines; verification of materials testing machines; general DIN 51 302 Part 1 Materials testing machines; verification of tensile, compression and bend testing machines; principles DIN 53 505 Shore hardness testing A and D of rubber, elastomers and plastics Hardness of felt DIN 61 200 DIN 68 750 ISO 4013: 1978 Fibre building board; softboard Concrete; determination

and

hardboard; grading

of flexural strength of test specimens

Previous editions
DIN 1048: 09.25, 04.32, 10.37, 43x;

DIN 1048 Part 3: 01.75;

DIN 1048 Part 1: 01.72, 12.78.

Amendments

Incomparisonwiththe December 1978editionof DIN1048Part 1,specifications for hardenedconcrete are now given in this Part of DIN 1048(testing of fresh concrete being covered in Part 1). Explanatory notes
In the flexure test (which is based on ISO 4013: 1978), the direction of loading has been specified as running normal to the mould-filling direction. Since the strength of the beam is normally at its greatest in the zone which is at the bottom during filling of the mould, the values obtained when using this arrangement may be somewhat lower than normal, but are nonetheless on the safe side. On the other hand, the test has been made simpler to perform since mortar or rubber strips are no longer required in connection with the loading arrangement.
io ,

The number of loading cycles for determining the modulus of elasticity has been reduced to three, since experience has shown that the modulus does not change significantly after the third cycle. The water permeability test has been simplified by specifying a constant water pressure of 0,5 N/mm2 acting for three days instead of varying water pressures (0,1, 0,3 and 0,7 N/mm2) for a total of four days. Interlaboratory tests have shown both methods to be equivalent.

The Verband der Materialpriifungsamter (Association of Materials Testing Institutes) keeps a list of testing centres
accredited for verifying materials testing machines in compliance with DIN 51 300 (cf. subclause 4.3).

International Patent Classification E 04 G 21/02 E 04 G 21/24 G 01 N 33/38

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