An overview: 1.

You will have to know the meaning of the following ecology terms and provide examples for each. a. ecosystem b. producers c. primary consumers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers f. trophic levels g. detritivores h. decomposers i. pyramid of numbers j. biomass k. pyramid of biomass l. pyramis of energy flow m. carrying capacity n. competition intra/inter specific o. population density p. biotic factors q. abiotic factors r. eutrophication s. keystone species 2. You must be able to draw food chains and food webs. . You must know the formula and process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. !. You must be able to explain the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle. You must be able to describe all the different steps of the nitrogen cycle. You must be able to explain the influence of humans on those cycles. Questions to work on: 1. "atching definitions a. #cosystem b. &arrying capacity c. (roductivity d. *iological magnification e. *iotic f. - biotic g. #utrophication h. *iodiversity 1. $on%living part of the environment 2. 'ariety of living organisms that inhabit #arth . )he accumulation of toxic substances in the bodies of organisms !. +iving part of the environment ,. "aximum number of organisms in a population that can survive .. "easure of an individual/s or a population/s impact on the environment 0. )he buildup of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem 1. -ll the interactive parts of a biological community and its environment

i. 2ustainability j. 2uccession k. (ioneer organisms l. (rimary succession m. &limax community

3. )he replacement of existing species by more recently arriving species 14. -bility to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs 11. +ichen 12. -mount of p1ant growth in a given area within a given period of time 1 . 5estruction of a shared resource by individual greed 1!. +ast stage of succession in which communities of organisms are most complex 1,. *egins in an area of bare rock f. 666666 g. 666666 h. 666666 i. 666666 j. 666666 k. 666666 1. 666666 m. 666666

a. 666666 b. 666666 c. 666666 d. 666666 e. 666666

2. #xplain how the following factors can affect the si7e of a population8 a. 9ntra specific competition and inter specific competition b. 5ensity dependent and density independent factors . :hy can/t a population of organisms grow indefinitely; :hy have the levels of carbon dioxide steadily increased since the mid%ninetieth century; <ow is acid precipitation produced; :hy is it bad to clear a tropical rainforest for agriculture; !. a. :hy is nitrogen important for living organisms; b. 5escribe the three main forms into which we can find nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle. c. :hy are bacteria important in tile nitrogen cycle; d. <ow do the following organisms obtain the nitrogen necessary for them8 producers and consumers; e. 5escribe the three main phases of the nitrogen cycle. f. 5escribe two effects of the imbalance between the amount of nitrogen produced and the amount used. ,. 9n the following population of an ecosystem= form three food chains8 >&lover= li7ard= falcon= worm bacteria grasshopper= snake= mouse= ant= mushroom= rabbit= centipede= mole= robin= butterfly.= and crow? .. @rom the above population= divide the organisms into the following columns8

producers carnivore

primary consumer

secondary consumer

top

<erbivores

carnivores

decomposers

detritivore

0. Ase 55) as an example to demonstrate the process of bioaccumulation. #xplain how organisms far from the original source of 55) can become toxic. #xplain what the relationship between the concentration of 55) and the position of the organism in the pyramid is. 5iscuss two= possible reasons why the crops sprayed with 55) for several years found that the populations of insect pests rebounded. 1. a. 2how the relationships between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. b. :hy must there always be a supply of radiant energy to the ecosystems; 3. a. 5raw a pattern for the three types of pyramids studied in class. b. 9ndicate what they represent. c. 2how which ones can be inverted. d. 9ndicate how the position of an organism in the pyramid may determine its mass and population si7e. 14. 5raw a sketch of the carbon cycle. 9nclude four uses of &B2 and four sources of &B2. 2how how it is a closed system. 5escribe two effects of the imbalance between the amount of carbon produced and the amount used. 11. :hy is it more effective for humans to consume vegetable products than animal products;