RS AND GIS BASED METHODOLOGY FOR THE PREPARATION OF

A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

- A case study of Indore city

By

D.L. Goyal
Chief City Planner
Indore Development Authority, Indore, M.P., India

ABSTRACT

Rapid urbanisation and consequent haphazard growth of cities is

a global phenomenon and India is no exception. This is resulting in
deterioration of loss of agricultural lands, open spaces, loss of water
bodies, depletion of ground water aquifer zones, air pollution, water
contamination, health hazards and many micro-climatic changes. It is
therefore desirable to plan for the city and the peripheral areas in an
integrated manner so that in due course as the city grows the
periphery can emerge into the whole. In doing so, one can not only
save a good amount of productive agricultural land but also avoid all
natural hazards. It is in this context, Space Applications Centre
(ISRO), Ahmedabad and Directorate of Town and Country Planning,
Bhopal jointly took up the responsibility of preparing the “Development
Plan of of Indore city for the year 2011” using remote sensing and
GIS techniques. Entire Indore Planning area admeasuring 650 sq. km
has been selected for the study. At first, the population for the year
2011 was determined on the basis of standard statistical methods. It
has been observed that the population of the city is going to be about
27 lakh by 2011. The additional area required for urban development
for the year 2011 wan then calculated as 8500 ha on the basis of a
population density of 100 persons per ha (Urban Development
Planning, Formulation and Implementation [UDPFI] guidelines). To
meet the additional demand of this land, an integrated study based
upon different physical characteristics of the terrain was carried out
using a multi-variate index analysis. In all three planning scenarios
have been generated on the basis different weightages given by
experts. These three planning scenarios were discussed with
concerned authorities and finalized one scenario which was generated
by giving maximum weightage to wastelands, surface water bodies
and land values. Finally land use allocation exercise has been carried
out by earmarking the land for residential, industrial, public and semi-
public, recreational, transportational etc., based on UDPFI norms. The

1
Indian Remote Sensing (IRS-1C) satellite’s LISS-III and Panchromatic
data digital products of the year 2000 were procured and processed
with respect to study area boundary. A spatial framework of the study
area was prepared by dividing it into 53 cells of 5’ X 5’ Survey of India
graticule grids. Each grid covers an area of about 80 sq. km. As per
the grid size, merged data products of LISS-III and Panchromatic data
were generated on 1:12,500 scale using image processing Intensity
Hue Saturation (IHS) transformation techniques. These data products
were then taken up for visual analysis for the preparation of various
thematic maps such as urban land use/cover, hydro-geomorphology,
ground water prospects, surface water bodies, flood and erosion
hazards, transportation network etc. Thematic maps were digitized
and integrated in GIS environment using various UNION and
INTERSECTION operations. On the basis of multivariate index analysis
an area of 5895 ha has been found good for urban development
against the requirement of 8500 ha. Under these circumstances,
INDORE has to either obtain new areas under its jurisdiction or
increase the population density to accommodate the total population of
the year 2011. Based upon these inputs and applying various standard
norms, the final plan for INDORE city has been prepared which can
sustain through time.

INTRODUCTION

Towns and cities in India are facing complex problems regarding

the provision and maintenance of services and infrastructure in the
face of the rapid growth of population, caused both by natural increase
and migration. In order to meet such challenges a planner needs to
have fairly accurate and up-to-date information, especially about
physical structures and related land parameters. A study of their
trends generally helps in the understanding of the emerging growth
pattern and in formulating policies in the perspective plans.

In the preparation of a environmentally compatible urban

development plan, it is a prerequisite to understand linkages and
interactions that exist between different components of the urban
environment. Secondly, the data collected on different aspects of the
urban environment has to be translated into useful information for the
purpose of urban development. Thirdly, there is also a need to
aggregate this information according to administrative/natural and
hierarchical units. Basic caveat for this is the availability of systematic,
detailed, reliable, timely and accurate information on various facets of
urban environment. Experiences gained so far show certain

2
shortcomings in regard to acquisition of statistics, processing,
generation of graphic outputs and their storing in the existing
conventional system. Such a lacuna impedes efficient and meaningful
planning, implementation of programmes and their monitoring.
Moreover, by the time the plan is made using conventional surveys,
the data becomes old and the plan may not be suitable for
implementation. It is in this context, the Orbital Remote Sensing (RS)
data and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques play a
major role by providing reliable, accurate, timely, periodic data and
methods of integration of spatial and non-spatial data to create various
planning scenarios for decision making. This type of planning scenarios
helps planners and administrators to view various advantages and
disadvantages of different perspectives and select best perspective for
implementation and monitoring (Pathan et al, 1998, 1996 and 1987).

In view of different advantages of orbital remote sensing and GIS

techniques, a project on the preparation of "Development Plan of
Indore for the year 2011" and “Perspective Plan of Indore Metropolitan
Region for the year 2025 has been taken up by Space Applications
Centre (SAC), ISRO, Ahmedabad jointly with Directorate of Town
Planning Department, Bhopal, Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC),
Indore Development Authority (IDA), Indore and Madhya Pradesh
State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (MPRSAC), Bhopal.

OBJECTIVES

The prime objective of the study is to prepare a sustainable

urban development plan for the city of Indore and its environs. The
preparation of a scientific and environmentally compatible
development plan requires requires consideration of all components of
the environment that exist today and the environment to be created
tomorrow. Thus a comprehensive land use plan should interrelate all
elements that form a community. Because land is a concrete form, any
land use plan must be flexible enough to change established uses
either to correct mistakes or to accommodate changing needs. Hence
the goals to formulate a sustainable urban land use plan is to focus on
all physical, geographic, historic and cultural characteristics of the city
and environs, harmonisation of sectorial development plans and evolve
development portfolio on the basis of carrying capacity of the region.
The detailed objectives of the study are :

To carry out demographic analysis for identifying areas required for

3
 future urban development

To prepare urban land use maps on 1:12,500 scale using IRS-1C

merged products depicting level-II urban land use information

To prepare urban sprawl map on 1:25,000 scale using multi-date

satellite data for the purpose of urban growth trend analysis,

To prepare thematic maps viz. surface water bodies map,

hydrogeomorphological map, ground water prospect map, slope
map, flood and erosion hazard maps and transportation network
maps for urban land use suitability,

to prepare the development plan based on standard norms and

to develop a menu driven package in GIS environment for easy

accessibility and updattion.

STUDY AREA

Indore, the premier city of Madhya Pradesh and Divisional Head

Quarter, is situated almost centrally on the fertile Malwa with its
cardinal points 220 43’ N latitude and 76o42'E longitude with an
altitude of 1805 feet above mean sea level. It is the largest city of
"Indore Agro-Industrial Region" notified under section 4 of Madhya
Pradesh Nagar Tatha Gram Nivesh Adhiniyam 1973 vide No. F-
69/2610/73 dated 22-10-1973. The region consists of seven districts
viz. Indore, Ujjain, Dewas, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Dhar and Jhabua.
Three out of 11 class I towns are located in the Region. Since ancient
times the city occupies an important place in the trade and commerce
of the Central India. The former Holkar state established a custom
free zone at Indore which strengthened economic linkages of the city
with neighbouring states at Dewas, Gwalior etc. These linkages are in
vogue even today. Most of the export and import Of the region passes
through Indore city. It is also is linked by three modes of
transportation viz. Road, Rail and Air. Its Regional road pattern fans
out in all directions. The National Highway (Bombay-Agra Road)
passes through the city's habited area. State Highways and other
roads connect the city with the State Capital Bhopal, all District Head
Quarters of the Division and important towns within the District. The
city is, served by a broad gauge and meter gauge railway line. The
Railway line passes through the heart of the city which forms a

4
physical barrier for inter communications within the city. The city is
also served by a regular air service which connects it to Mumbai,
Bhopal and New Delhi.

The city occupies relatively plain having a very gentle slope

towards North. Hinterland of the city is also flat but dotted with some
hillocks like Bijasan, Gadha Tekri, Bhuri Tekri, Deoguradia and
depression at Sirpur Tank. There are no physical constrains except
Pipaliyapala Tank on the South-Eastern side and Sirpur Tank in the
South-West which will limit or condition the growth of the city. The
drainage of the city is provided by two small rivers, Khan and
Saraswati. Khan river, a tributary of Kshipra rises near Umaria village
about I I km south of Indore and flows through the heart of the city.
It has been dammed near the Navlakha Garden, where it intersects
the Agra-Bombay Road, (NH-3). Further three km down, it is joined
by the Saraswati, a small stream which rises near Machla village. The
heart of the city, known as Rajwada area is located near the
confluence (at Krishnapura Bridge). Some valuable land at this place
is lying waste as it is liable to flooding during rains.

The preparation of development plan of the city not only depend

on the problems of the city but also the acute problems in its
hinterland. Hence, the entire Indore Planning area (about 870 sq. km)
and its region area (about 4800 sq.km) have been selected for the
study (Figure-1).

5
 Figure – 1 : Study area map

DATA USED

Details of the data acquired for the study area is given in Table
1. Various combinations of this data has been primarily used for the
preparation of existing land use/cover, surface water bodies,
hydrogeomorphology, transportation network, flood hazard and
erosion hazard thematic maps. Multi-date satellite data has been used
for the preparation of urban sprawl map.

Table 1 : Details of satellite data used

Sr. Satellite Aquisition date
No.
1. IRS 1A LISS II January 5, 1990
2. IRS 1C LISS III December 1, 1996
3. IRS 1D LISS III January 2, 2000
4. IRS 1D PAN January 2, 2000
5. IRS 1D PAN January 27, 2000
6. IRS 1D LISS III + PAN (MERGED January 27, 2000
DATA)

6
METHODOLOGY

The overall methodology adopted for this study is presented in

Figure-2. Population data pertaining to 1971, 1981 and 1991 census
have been collected and population projections for the the year 2011
have been made by adopting standard statistical techniques such as
Ratio method, exponential and conversion methods. Further, the entire
area is divided into different groups of villages envisaging high,
medium and low growth rates. Population projections under each
scenario are made by analyzing the observed trends from the year
1971, 1981 and 1991. The projections obtained geometrical method
has been adopted for the study.

IRS-1C LISS-III image to Panchromatic image registration has

been done by identifying common ground control points (GCP's) from
both the images. Three separate channels for LISS-III data have been
created and converted to red, green and blue channels of LISS-III data
into Intensity, hue and saturation channels. Finally merged (LISS-III
with PAN) data products were generated by taking intensity from
Panchromatic data, hue and saturation from LISS-III data. Various
enhanced techniques have been applied to improve the contrast
between the features on this merged data (Figure-3). The products
generated using Laplacian filtering technique (edge enhancement
operation) were selected and interpretation has been carried out.
Visual interpretation techniques were used to study digitally enhanced
products on the basis of the image characteristics such as tone,
texture, shape, size, shadow, pattern as well as the associated
elements viz. location and association. These elements of
interpretation helped in identifying and delineating various types of
features present in the urban environment and judge their significance
in delineating thematic information related to urban land use/cover,
hydrogeomorphology, surface water bodies and natural hazards such
as earthquake, flood, erosion etc.

The total study area is covered in 9 SOI topographic maps at

1:50,000 scale. Though the extent of the area is partial in some of the
toposheets, a standard registration procedure has been adopted. This
is done by dividing the entire area into 5' x 5' graticule (network of
latitude and longitudes) grids. On the basis of this spatial framework,
a tile structure has been followed to capture the data with respect to

7
different themes. Integration analysis has been carried out by various
UNION, INTERSECT process. Finally a composite map has been
prepared showing the Composite Urban Land Development Units
(CULDU's). Each CULDU has the characteristics of all the 11
parameters used for the study. A multivariate weighted index
approach has been followed to identify CULDU's usefulness for
construction purpose and conservation activities. The details of this
method are as under.

One of the classic problems in decision theory or multi-

parameter analysis is the determination of the relative importance
(weights) of each parameter with respect to the other. This is a
problem which requires human judgment supplemented by
mathematical tools. As all parameters of the land can not be weighted
equal for the suitability assessment, it is essential that a weighted
method needs to be employed where the relative importance of the
parameters defines the weightage. A number of methods are available
to deal with such problems. Saaty's analytic hierarchy process is a
most-widely accepted method for scaling the weights of parameter by
constructing a pair-wise comparison matrix of parameters whose
entries indicate the strength with which one element dominates over
another vis-a-vis the relative criterion. The pair-wise comparison of
parameters results into the "importance matrix" which is based on a
scale of important intensities and is generated by a group of experts.
The Saaty's scale of importance is presented in Table-2.

8
 Figure –2 : Methodology for Urban landuse suitability analysis

Table-2 : Saaty’s Importance Scale

Definition Explanation Assigned

value
Parameters of equal Two parameters contribute 1
importance equally to the objective
Parameter `I’ is of more Experience and Judgement 3
importance as compared slightly favour parameter `I’
to parameter `J’ over `J’
Essential or strong Experience and Judgement 5
importance of parameter strongly favour parameter `I’
`I’ as compared to `J’ over `J’
Demonstrated Criteria `I’ is very strongly 7
importance favoured over `J’ and its
dominance is demonstrated in
practice.
Absolute importance The evidence favouring 9

9
 parameters `I’ over `J’ to the
highest possible order of
affirmation.
Intermediate values Judgement is not precise enough 2,4,6
between two adjacent to assign values of 3,5,7 and 9 and 8
judgement

Figure –3 : Merged data product (LISS III + PAN)

The importance matrix for ten parameters was generated based on

Saaty's guidelines mentioned in Table-2. The importance level has
been assigned based on the consensus reached through discussion and
also the experience of town planning officials. The importance of each
parameter with respect to the other parameter is determined and
generated a 11 X 11 matrix. The other elements of the matrix are
determined by the reciprocality of the matrix. Four types of
importance matrices were generated. The importance matrix has then
been analysed using two methods viz. "Eigen vector" method and

10
"Least square" method to arrive at the weightages of each parameter.
The matrix analysis was essential to get the weightages for each
parameter and to remove human bias in constructing the matrix. The
weightages derived using the eigen vector method are presented
Table-3.

After determining the weightages for the parameters, a rank to each

category for all the parameters has been assigned. The ranks to the
individual categories are assigned in such a way that higher the rank,
higher is the suitability and lesser are the limitations. Lower is the
rank, lower the priority for urbanisation and higher are the limitations
for development. So, the categories of parameters considered for
suitability are studied carefully and arranged in four ranges for the
assignment of ranks. Urban land use suitability indices have been
obtained by multiplying weightages with rank numbers of each
category and by summing up the values of all categories. The entire
area is then divided into four categories of suitability based upon mean
and SD values. The first two suitability classes are suggested for urban
development and the rest are suggested for conservation under
greenbelt. On the basis of four suitability classess, the extent and
spatial distribution of existing land use pattern, urban sprawl, socio-
economic constraints, infrastructural facilities, financial allocations etc.
the development plan is prepared.

Table -3 : Weightages derived for the eleven parameters

S. Parameter Weightages
No Model-1 Model-2
. Model-3 Model-4
1 Soil depth 0.058 0.23 0.150 0.10
5 0
2 Soil Texture 0.047 0.06 0.068 0.06
8 8
3 Slope 0.132 0.15 0.090 0.09
0 0
4 Flood hazard 0.092 0.11 0.090 0.09
3 0
5 Waterbody/Watershed 0.135 0.07 0.076 0.07
buffer 6 6
6 Land use/cover 0.100 0.06 0.100 0.20
8 0
7 Ground water 0.068 0.14 0.100 0.10
prospects 6 0

11
 8 Earthquake zone 0.085 0.05 0.103 0.10
3 3
9 Road network 0.135 0.02 0.150 0.10
4 0
10 Railway station 0.055 0.01 0.027 0.02
7 7
11 Land values 0.100 0.10 0.050 0.05
0 0
Note :
Model – 1 : Raod network and Waterbody/watershed
buffer parameters have been given
more importance
Model – 2 : Slope Road network and soil depth have been
given more importance
Model – 3 : Road network and soil depth have been given
more importance and
Model – 4 : Land use have been given more importance.

RESULTS

POPULATION CHANGES IN STUDY AREA

The study of demographic pattern plays a major role in the

preparation of sustainable urban development plan. This type of study
helps to assess the past and present growth trends and to estimate
the future growth. The knowledge of basic demographic trend, in the
area to be planned, is very essential to perceive the problems and
exact needs of the area. It gives the idea about living conditions of the
people and their immediate needs of basic amenities which planner
should attend while preparing development plan. Therefore, the
analysis of demographic factors in relation to various urban functions
facilitate the requirement or need for housing, industry, commerce,
amenities and recreation.

Growth of Population

The population data collected from the year 1971 to 2001 census is
presented in Table 4. This table also shows growth rate of population
in per cent for periods 1971-81, 1981-91 and 1991-2001.

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 Table 4 : Population and growth rate of Indore Planning
Area

Year Indore Municipal Indore Planning Area

Corporation Population Growth
Population Growth rate %
rate %
1971 537000 646744
1981 829327 54.44 949921 46.87
1991 1091618 31.63 1271218 33.82
2001 1626297 48.98 1893865 48.98
( Source - Census data )

The percentage increase of population in 1981, over population of

1971 was 46.87%. The population growth from 1981 to 1991 was
observed as 33.82 % and between 1991 to 2001 as 44.98 %. It has
been observed from these figures that increase in population of 1991-
2001 was tremendous. The high rate of growth of population during
this period is mainly attributable to the rapid industrial and commercial
development in Indore planning area.

Population Density

The population density of the Indore Planning area as per 2001

census is as high as 2109 persons per sq. km particularly in the CBD
area. This figure is too high even when compared to the population
density figures of other cities in Madhya Pradesh State and Indore
District. Spatial distribution of population density of Indore city, ward
wise has been studied. It has been observed that the density is
ranging from a meager 100 persons/ha in the peripheral areas to as
high as 2000 persons per ha in the core of the city. Therefore, there is
tremendous pressure on the existing land and needs to be regularized
in the development plan.

Population projection for the 2011

The population projections for the Indore Planning Area up to the

year 2011 were made on the basis of different standard statistical
procedures such as Arithmetic, Geometric and Incremental increase
methods. The projections obtained from geometric method were
adopted for the study to calculate the additional requirements of land
for the year 2011. The projected population is presented in Table-6.
From this table one can notice that the population of Indore city is

13
 likely to be about 27.12 lakh.

Migration is also an important and a dynamic factor in projecting

the future population. However, there are no figures, which can
suggest the migration rate or its pattern. But there are enough
evidences to show that migration is indeed a very important criteria for
projecting the population. Many people from small to medium towns
come to Indore. Moreover, people from one area cross over to another
area in the same city due to many reasons. Though these are not seen
in overall figures, but have a major effect on the housing and
residential patterns of the city. Such micro level changes and habits
have not been taken into consideration as the figures of growth of
population incorporate these figures.

Table 6 : Population projection : Indore Planning Area

POP201
POP199 POP200 1
AREA 1 1 projecte
ha census census d
Old planning area (IMC + 37
villages) 21419 1109000 1626297 2358372
Indore Planning Area(IMC+37 +
115 Villages) 89761 1271218 1893867 2712533
Data source : Census 1971-2001 data

Urban sprawl analysis

The history of spatial expansion (physical growth) of a city could

be explained in terms of waves of urban growth. The magnitude and
direction of waves depends upon various exogenous and endogenous
factors. The physical growth of Indore city from the year 1975 to
2000 has been studied with the help of multidate remote sensing data
viz. IRS LISS- II, IRS LISS-III and IRS PAN data employing both
visual and digital techniques and with limited field checks.

Urban sprawl map of Indore city was prepared using Survey of

India topographical maps and multi-date remote sensing data. This
map depicts details on physical growth of the city and direction of
growth. Sprawl period and area are shown in Table-7. From the table
it is clear that the rate of the growth of the city was higher during the
period 1996- 2000 compared to the growth rates during the period
1991-1996. The average annual growth rate from 1996 to 2000 is

14
40.52 per cent. Spatial distribution of urban sprawl is shown in
Figure-4.

Table-7 : Urban sprawl period and

area

Sr. Year Area in Physical Growth Annual

No Ha Growth(h (%) average
. a) Growth(
%)
1 1975 2284 2284
2 1990 6115 167.73 11.18
3831
3 1996 7758 1643 42.88 7.14
4 2000 10425 2667 162.32 40.58
(Source IRS LISS II, IRS LISS III, Panchromatic data and SOI
maps)

Determination of area required for urban development

As described earlier, the projected population of Indore Planning

Area will be around 25 lakhs by 2011. Therefore Population increased
by 2011 will be around 6 lakh. Requirement for additional area by
2011 has been worked out . Table-8 shows additional area
requirement by 2011 for Indore Planning area.

Table – 8 : Additional area requirement by year 2011

Planning Population Projected Population Additional
Area 2001 Population increased area
(ha) 2011 by 2011 required
by 2011
(ha)
Indore 90362 1893865 2712528 818663 4093.32
Plannin (census) (200
g Area persons/ha)
87275
(GIS) 5457.75
(150

15
 persons/ha)

8186.63
(100
persons/ha)

Figure – 4 : Urban Sprawl map

Urban land use suitability

The urban land use suitability maps were prepared using four
different models. These models were discussed with various officials
and Model-1 (Figure-5) has been taken up as the final suitability and
adopted for land use allocations. The observations made from this map
are as under.

The entire study area has all the four suitability classes and are
well distributed. Class-I (Highly suitable) cover an area of about 4996
ha and Class–II (Moderately suitable) cover and area of about 25020
ha area. Areas under class-III (Less suitable) is about 38653 ha and
constitutes the areas where there is poor accessibility, good ground
water prospects and erosion hazards. Class-IV is about 6024 ha and

16
the area has productive agricultural lands away from the IMC with very
poor accessibility and good ground water potential. Rest of the area is
either existing built-up or water body.

Engineers have a different approach towards soil classification.

This is mostly based on soil physical properties such as texture,
permeability, water content, plasticity and consistency etc. Such
properties are required to be tested for each site. Detailed soil
property description available can be interpreted for engineering
properties. These will provide only a generalized information for the
evaluation of different areas. The development considerations with
respect to all the four urban land use suitability classes are have been
studied. It has been observed from the study that the intensity of
engineering investigations are either negligible or less in the first two
classes of suitability. As the investigations are negligible, the cost for
construction also becomes very low. Similarly, the 3rd and 4th classes
of suitability require medium to intensive engineering works which
result in high costs for development. The final land use allocations
have been carried out based upon this study and adopting standard
norms of UDPFI.

Figure – 5 : Urban land use suitability map (Model-1)

17
Present land use structure vs UDPFI norms

As per UDPFI guidelines, Indore is considered as large city.

Table-9 shows the distribution of present land use and UDPFI norms.

Table 9 : Distribution of existing land use and UDPFI

norms

Sr. Landuse types Area % of % of land

No. (ha) present use as per
land use UDPFI norms
1. Residential 5545.8 61.87 35-40
6
2. Commercial 428.59 4.78 4-5
3. Industrial 781.86 8.72 10-12
4. Recreational 157.65 1.76 18-20
5. Public and semi-public 1663.7 18.56 12-14
3
6. Transportational 386.27 4.31 12-14
7. Agriculture & water Balance
bodies
8. Others --
Total 8963.9 100.00 100
6
(Source : Urban Development Plans Formulation &
Implementation(UDPFI) guidelines, Volume – 1, Ministry of
Urban Affairs & Employment, Govt. of India)

CONCLUSIONS

The Urban area has extended well beyond the present municipal
limits.

The general trend of growth from 1990 to 2000 was observed

mainly along the transportation network. After 1990, the
average annual growth rate has dropped to 7.14%, but
increased during 1996-2000 up to 40.58% (Table ??).

Rapid commercial/industrial development has caused

encroachment on productive agricultural land. Because of rapid

18
urban development, the agricultural land in the surrounding
villages of Indore Planning area was irretrievably lost.

The increase in IMC area through incorporation of surrounding

rural areas in the IMC limits has been a process and can be
seen as an administrative response to an essentially economic
phenomenon.

The existing built-up area (as on 2001) with respect to the total
area of each village in Indore planning area has been studied
and the net area available for development in each village has
been calculated. Additional area required for urban development
for the year 2011 has been determined on the basis of
population trends, distribution, density and the net area avail-
able in each village for development. The projected population of
the year 2011 will be 27,12,528. There will be an increase of
about 8.18 lakh population by the year 2011. A population
density of 150 persons/ha (carrying capacity of the region) has
been considered for calculating the area required for
urbanisation. It works out to about 5457 ha area. It means that
an area of about 5457 ha additional area is required for urban
development to meet the demands up to the year 2011. It is
observed that the highly suitable area in Indore planning area is
4996 ha and moderately suitable area is 25020 ha.

RS and GIS techniques based approaches have improved the

preparation of development plans of Ahmedabad Urban
Development Authority area based upon various natural
resources information base. The information system created
using RS and GIS based methodologies has facilitated working
out sustainability of urban environment and generating
alternate planning scenarios.

The information system has flexibility to accommodate any new

data and provides integration as well as updation. It allows to
aggregate the information at any level i.e. Development
authority or Regional level.

The planning departments are planning to use land use, urban

sprawl and urban land use suitability information while issuing
permissions for urban development as well as maintain the
sustainability of land through time.

19
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20
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• Urban land use survey handbook, 1987, Water and Soil

miscellaneous publication No.105, Wellington, Newzealand.

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