ACC ICP Dr.

Gilmore

Name: ____________________ Date: __________ Period: ____ Newtons Second Law of Motion

Newtons Second Law of Motion pertains to the behavior of objects for which there is a net force. The second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object.

The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

In other words, as the net force increases, so will the objects acceleration. However, as the mass of the object increases, its acceleration will decrease. In terms of an equation, the net force is equal to the product of the objects mass and its acceleration: Fnet = m x a

Remember, in the above equation, we are talking about the net force, not any of the individual forces. The above equation also indicates that a unit of force is equal to a unit of mass multiplied by a unit of acceleration. By substituting standard metric units for force, mass, and acceleration into the above equation, the following unit equivalency can be written: 1 Newton = 1 kg x 1 m/s2 Thus, the definition of the standard metric unit of force is given by the above equation. One Newton is defined as the amount of force required to give a 1-kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s2.

Complete the following table: Net Force (N) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 10 10 20 20 Mass (kg) 2 2 4 2 5 10 Acceleration (m/s2)

Answer the following questions. 6. What acceleration will result when a 12-N net force is applied to a 3-kg object? A 6-kg object?

7. A net force of 16 N causes a mass to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the mass.

8. An object is accelerating at 2 m/s2. If the net force is tripled and the mass of the object remains the same, what is the new acceleration?

9. An object is accelerating at 2 m/s2. If the net force remains the same and the mass of the object is doubled, what is the new acceleration?

10. An applied force of 50 N is used to accelerate an object to the right across a frictional surface. The object encounters 10 N of friction. Use the diagram to determine the normal force, the net force, the mass, and the acceleration of the object. (Neglect air resistance.)

11. An applied force of 20 N is used to accelerate an object to the right across a frictional surface. The object encounters 10 N of friction. Use the diagram to determine the normal force, the net force, the coefficient of friction () between the object and the surface, the mass, and the acceleration of the object. (Neglect air resistance.)