Preliminary Study Report for Grant Aid Project 1.

Title of the Cooperation Project and Name of the Project Proponent

1.1 Title of the Cooperation Project The Project for Dualling of Ugong Road from Adams Arcade (Elgeyo Marakawet Road Roundabout) to the Junction of Ngong Road/Kenyatta Avenue in the Republic of Kenya 2. Categorization and its reason

2.1 Categorization: Category B 2.2 Reason (1) Several adverse impacts (rating B) are expected due to the project during planning, construction and operation stage on environmental items such as land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, fauna, flora and biodiversity, air pollution, water pollution, waste, etc. (2) In the Second Schedule of the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999 (EMCA) Projects to undergo EIA are specified for plans of developments and activities for the project in relation to road development. Thus the proposed project is required to be subject to EIA. 3. Outline of the Location (Maps, Environmental and Social Condition, Problems and so on) 3.1 The Project areas Ugong Road is located in western area of the City of Nairobi, the capital of Kenya as shown in Map 1. The targeted road section is about 5km long running from Adams Arcade to the Junction of Ngong Road/Kenyatta Avenue as shown in Map 2. (1) Social environment - Administrative units traversed by the road section are 1 Province (Nairobi), 2 Districts (Dagoreti and Langata), 3 Divisions (Westlands, Dagoreti and Kibera) and 4 Locations (Kilimani, Riruta, Kenyatta/Golf Course and Langata). - The population of Nairobi was about 2.14 million at 1999 population census and estimated about 3 million in 2009. Populations corresponding to the administrative units are about 0.73 million for 3 Divisions and about 0.16 million for 4 Locations in 1999. - Areas around the road are mostly utilized for residential, commercial and institutional facilities and sports/recreational activities. In the eastern area there are many offices of government and related organizations, and of business activities as a center of administrative, social and economic activities in the City of Nairobi and in the whole Kenya. In the western area there are many public facilities such as schools, hospitals as well as private facilities of commercial activities such as shopping centers. (2) Natural environment - Nairobi area is divided into two physiographic units or landforms. The western portion including the project area is on high ground (1,700-1,800 meters above the sea level) with rugged topography, while the eastern side is generally low (1,600 meters above sea level) and flat. The geology is

dominated by volcanic activity and rocks of the area mainly comprise a succession of lavas and pyroclatics of Cainozoic age overlaying the folded schist and gneiss of the Precambarian Basement system. - The climatic conditions within project area are similar to the City of Nairobi. A semi-humid climate with a bi-modal rainfall occurring in from March to May and from mid-October to mid-December. The average annual mean rainfall is about 1,080 mm per year. The minimum and maximum temperature ranges from of 12 to 28 with annual mean of about 19. - There are various conservation areas in the Nairobi City Area include two national parks, forest areas, and city parks. However, areas around targeted Ugong Road section are mainly urban setting where natural vegetation has been compromised by social and economic development. (3) Environmental Pollution - The air pollution along the road is associate with exhaust emissions from vehicles and domestic emissions, although there is no existing data on air quality. Most of the motorable sections of the road and its adjoining access roads are bitumen surfaced and hence limited level of dust emissions. Like most other urban roads, the road section is characterized with constant flow of vehicles implying vehicular air pollution and noise to receptors along the immediate neighborhood of the road. This, however, varies with distance from the ROW as well as the nature and volume of traffic using the road. 4. Legal framework of Environmental and Social Considerations 4-1 Laws and regulations (1) Environmental Management and Conservation - The Constitution of Kenya - Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999 (EMCA) - Water Act, Wildlife (Conservation and Management) Act, Forests Act, Lakes and Rivers Act, Public Health Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act, Local Government Act, etc. (2) Environmental Regulation and Standards - Environmental Management and Coordination (Water Quality) Regulations, 2006 - Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations, 2006 - Environmental Management and Coordination (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution Control) Regulations, 2008 (draft) - Environmental Management and Coordination (Air Quality) Regulations, 2008 (in preparation) (3) Environmental Impact Assessment - Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999 (EMCA) - Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) regulations, 2003 (EIAAR) - Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Administrative Procedures (draft) (4) Land Tenure and Land Use - Land Control Act, Government Land Act, Registration of Titles Act, Registered Land Act, Trust

Land Act, Physical Planning Act, Land Acquisition Act, Wayleaves Act, etc. 4-2 Projects subject to EIA In the Second Schedule of the EMCA Projects to undergo EIA are specified for plans of developments and activities for 15 sectors. Among them an EIA is required for the project of road transport development. 4-3 Procedures and requirements for Environmental Assessment According to the EIAAR, the project proponent should obtain the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Licence from the National Environment Authority (NEMA) through two steps. The first step is by applying a Project Report to the NEMA. The second step is by conducting EIA Study and by submitting an EIA Study Report to the NEMA, if the NEMA is not satisfied with the result of the Project Report. EIA studies and reports required under the EMCA shall be conducted or prepared respectively by individual experts or a firm of experts authorized in that behalf by the NEMA. The general procedures in both steps are shown in Figure 1.

Process of applying and obtaining Environment Approval

Proponen NEMA t

Lead Certified Agency EIA (Ministry Expert etc.

Plan of the Project (Activities, Programmes) Scoping process (like IEE) Making "Project Report (PR)" Submit PR to NEMA Review & Comment (Within 45 days ** Decision of Approval (1) (No)

* * * * * *

* *

(Yes) Approval (Environment Licence) To implement the Project Plan Initial Environmental Audit Self Environmental Audit * * * *

* *

* *

Full EIA is required (Agree)

(Disagree) Appeal to Environment Tribunal

* * *

Conduct EIA Study Public Consultation

* * *

Submit EIA Study Report to NEMA Review & Comment (Within 3 months Public Hearing

* * *

* * * * *

Decision of Approval (2) (Yes) EIA Licence To implement the Project Plan

(No) (Agree) * * Redesign EIA or Project Plan (D isagree Appeal to Environment Tribunal *

* * * * * *

Initial Environmental Audit Self Environmental Audit Note1: Basically information disclosure and public partcipation are required for entrire process. Note2: * Mostly involved organizations Note 3: ** In terms of calendar days/months from receiving PR or EIA Study Report

Figure 1 Procedure of Obtaining EIA Licence

4-4 Competent Agency Competent agency to evaluate, review the Project Report and the EIA Study Report and issue EIA Licence is National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). It was established under the EMCA as the principal agency of government in all matters of environmental management and a parastatal of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources as shown in Figure 2.

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources

National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)

Finance & Administration Department Directorate Planning & Research Department Environmental Information, Education and Public Participation Department Compliance & Enforcement Department Coastal, Marine and Freshwater Subdepartment Provincial Director of Environment

District Director of Environment

Source: Result of an interview and NEMA website.

Figure 2 Organization chart of National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) 4-5 Information Disclosure and Public Participation According to the EIAAR, the public consultation is a pre-requisite to all the projects to provide different stakeholders with an opportunity to raise their concerns from the project scoping stage to the approval of EIA Licence. Provision of intense public participation and consultation has been made mandatory for EIA through public consulting during scoping and public hearing after draft report preparation. Such participation of the related stakeholders take place through entire period of preparation and reviewing of both the Project Report and EIA Study Report 5. Outline of relevant Agency and Institution which implement Project, EIA so on. 5.1 Name of the Project Proponent -The Responsible Agency (Lead Agency)is the Ministry of Roads (MOR). -The Implementing Agency (Proponent) is Kenya Urban Roads Authority (KURA). - Organization chart of both agencies are shown in Figure 3 and 4.

Ministers Assistant Ministers Permament Secretary

Roads Secretar y

Adminis tration Secretar y

Kenya Road Board

Quality Assuran ce Departm ent

Kenya Urban Roads Authorit y (KURA)

Kenya National Roads Authorit y

Kenya Rural Road Authorit y

Kanyan Institute of Highwa y& Building Technol

material s Testing & research Departm ent

Roads Departm ent

Mechani cal & Transpo rt Departm ent

Figure 3 Organization Chart of Ministry of Roads (MOR)

Board of Directors Director General

Quality Assuran ce

Audit

General Manager Planning & Environ ment

General Manager - Design & Constru ction

General Manager Mainten ance

General Manager Finance

Road Planning & Environ ment

Legal & Corpora te Affairs

ICT

Design & Constru ction

Survey Services

Structur es

Human Resourc es & Adminis tration

Mainten ance East

Axle Load

Mainten ance West

Procure ment & Contract s

Finance

Figure 4 Organization Chart of Implementation Agency (KURA) 6. Outline of the Project and Analysis of Alternatives 6.1 Outline of the Project The objective of the proposed project is to meet increasing transportation demand and contribute to reduction of traffic jam, especially in the west side of City of Nairobi through widening of Ngong Road in City of Nairobi in the Republic of Kenya. The scope of the project was originally the widening of existing two-lane two-way Ngong Road to four-lane two-way from Dagoreti Corner to the Kenyan National Library Services. However, as a result of discussion with Kenyan side, the scope was finalized the widening of the Ngong Road to four-lane two-way from Adams Arcade to the Junction on Ngong Road/Kenyatta Avenue as shown in Figure 2.

6.2 Analysis of Alternatives Analysis of alternatives was examined for following three cases. (1) No action (without project) The high urban population growth rate in City of Nairobi has created rapid urban spatial growth and associated problems such as inadequate housing, traffic congestion, environmental degradation, land use conflicts etc. Among them heavy traffic congestion is the most serious problem in view of hampering economic activities and living conditions, and causing air pollution. The present transport infrastructure is inadequate to meet the rapidly increasing traffic demand in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. An inadequate supply of the road capacity, road structure and traffic management measures have been causing heavy traffic congestion and traffic accidents. No action means that any efforts will not be made to reduce heavy traffic congestion and the present serious problem will be left unsolved. (2) Project plan by MOR To reduce traffic congestion of Ugong Road, Ministry of Roads planned independently road widening project for full stretch of Ugong Road and a part of Langata Road, covering a total of 31km long and including section of this project*. * Ministry of Roads (2009.8): Preliminary and Detailed Engineering Design of All Saints Cathedral Junction
City Mortuary Dagoreti Corner Ngong Town (C61/C60) Roads Karen Bomas Roads Volume (by APEC Consulting Engineers, CAS Consulting Engineers Limited and Consulting Engineering Services (India) Private Limited)

The project intends to existing two-lane two-way road to widen to six-lane two-way road at a burst to solve the present traffic congestion through a drastic increase of traffic volume. However, construction cost is estimated high enough to be beyond the limits of the budget. In addition, the plan has difficulties even for the same section as this project in terms of environmental and social considerations as follows: a) b) The project plan includes construction of flyovers and underpass which are expected to cause significant impacts during construction and operation stage. Considerable numbers of plots are likely to be affected by land acquisition to secure ROW (Right-of-Way) and many encroachments into ROW by business activities and structures are also expected in numbers and types. These mean that the involuntary resettlement and generation of PAPs are expected to occur considerably. (3) The cooperation project This project plan widening to four-lane two-way road is more feasible in view of the consistency with the limits of the budget and cope with urgent needs, although improvement of traffic congestion is expected to less than the project by MOR. However, in terms of environmental and social considerations, the extent of involuntary resettlement and PAPs are expected to be less than the project by MOR and impacts on other environment items to be not significant.

Thus, the project will materialize various beneficial such as reduction of consequently stimulation to the local economy and industry. 7. Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts 7.1 Activities due to the cooperation project Expected activities due to the project are shown in Table 1. Table 1
Stage Planning Stage Change of plan for use of lands and local resources

severe congestion,

improvement of accessibility to work places and public service such as schools, hospitals and

Activities due to the Projects

Activities due to the Projects

Land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement

Extraction and transportation of construction materials from quarries and borrow pits Engineering works for earthmoving, cutting and filling Construction Installation of plants, warehouse and worker's camps Stage Operation of construction plants, machines and vehicles Construction work of road and related facilities and structures Operation of road transportation Operation Stage Space occupancy of roads and related facilities and structures

7.2 Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts (Environmental Scoping) Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts due to the project are identified, predicted and evaluated with rating for 31 items of social environment, natural environment and environmental pollution according to the scoping procedure of JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, and summarized in Table 2. Table 2
Environment item *, ** *** P) (1) ROW(Road Reserve) was almost secured for target road section of Ugong Road. However, land acquisition is expected to secure ROW on some part of the road section, although necessary spaces are mostly part of the full plots such as corner boundaries and area for car park and fence. (2) Social Environment Encroachment on ROW are found for obstacles such as car park, fence, Involuntary 1 Resettlement B vendors and kiosks, small offices, etc., structures such as high voltage electric lines, signboards and planted trees. However, most of these

Result of Environmental Scoping

Rating Description of expected impacts ****

obstacles have been utilized after permission by City Council Nairobi, although some illegal encroachment is expected. (3) Thus involuntary resettlement is expected to give rise for two types of the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) (1) land owners by land acquisition and (2) people

having promise and structures and activities on ROW.

C) Beneficial impacts such as creation of employment opportunity for Local economy such as 2 employment and livelihood etc. D public works. O) Smooth access to offices and working places, and

increase of convenience to social services such as hospitals, schools, churches, etc. are expected due to the improvement of traffic condition. Thus the project will contribute to enhancing the local economy and livelihood and raising living condition. O) Both sides of the road lands are used for many public facilities such as government offices, hospitals, schools, mortuary, sports clubs, and business facilities such as shopping center, hotels, petrol station, etc. Surrounding

Land use and 3 utilization of local resources project may contribute to make more convenient living conditions, to enhance business activities and to enjoy more efficient social services for these areas. Social institutions such as social infrastructure and 4 local decision-making institutions C) (1) Temporary Traffic congestion may occur due to construction work. (2) There are connection lines of utilities such as high voltage electric lines, water pipes, sewer lines on and/or underneath the road. Thus some Existing social 5 infrastructures and services office, hospitals, schools, churches, sports clubs, etc. The project may give rise smooth access to these facilities due to the improvement of traffic condition. C), O) At present there is little information about vulnerable group such as the poor, women and children and ethnic people such as Maasai.2) There The poor, 6 indigenous of ethnic people slum area. Thus there is some possibility of giving away their livelihood due to the project. Misdistribution of 7 benefit and damage C There is some possibility of misdistribution of benefit and damage depending on the procedures for land acquisition and removal/relocation of obstacles on ROW. C are also found small-scale business traders such as vendors and kiosk on ROW and in open-air markets. Some of these people come from Kibera D disturbance, damage and relocation are expected due to excavation and earth moving work. O)There are many public facilities such as government C O)There are many public facilities such as government office, hospitals, schools, churches, sports clubs, etc. It is expected that the project may give rise smooth access to these facilities due to the improvement of traffic condition. However, there is little information on social institutions which represent opinions of community and users at present. C areas lands are used mostly for middle class residence and public and business facilities including foreign embassies. Thus it is expected the

There is some possibility of misdistribution of benefit and damage Local conflict of 8 interests C depending on the procedures for land acquisition and removal/relocation of obstacles on ROW.

C) There are many churches which are a kind of cultural property and at Cultural property 9 and heritage disturbance to go to church due to construction work. Water usage or Water rights and 10 Rights of Common C) O) Air pollution due to increase of traffic volume may cause some Public health and 11 Sanitation C adverse effect to respiratory organ. However, extent of impact is unknown. C There are little information on water rights, fishery right and rights of common in the area. However, activities such as water intake and fishing are not operated along the road. C the same time spiritual places to citizens. There are some possibility of

It was reported some possibility of infection with HIV/AIDS and venereal Infectious 12 diseases such as HIV/AIDS In the late night time, there is found security problem in the project area. C However, no additional risk of disaster and security are not expected, although there is little information at present. P)Traffic accidents likely to increase due to increase of vehicles for construction work. O) Improvement of traffic congestion may give raise to 14 Accidents C increase in number of vehicles travelling Ugong Road. This may also result in number of traffic accidents, if proper traffic management measures such as signaling, grading up traffic manners of both drivers and pedestrians are not arranged. The project is only to make dualling the existing two road lanes. Thus no Topography and 15 Geology large-scale topographical and geological alteration are expected. However, C extent of impact is unknown at present stage. B disease at worker's camp in case of other African countries. However, extent of impact is not known at present stage.

Hazards (cyclone, 13 drought, etc.) and risk

The project is only to make dualling the existing two road lanes. Thus no 16 Natural Environment Soil erosion C large-scale land cut and land mound are expected. However, extent of impact is unknown at present stage. A large scale exploitation of groundwater is not expected. However, 17 Groundwater C underground facilities such as water pipe and sewer lines likely damaged due to road construction work. In addition, some possibility of utilizing underground water in case of Hydrological 18 situation/Drainage pattern C lack of city water supply.

C) Construction of gutters and reconstruction of culverts may result in some changes in hydrological situation. However, extent of impact is unknown. The Project area is not located in coastal zone.

19

Coastal zone

10

C),O) No rare, endangered or endemic terrestrial plant and animal species were observed during the site visit. However, planted trees such as Fauna, Flora and 20 Biodiversity B Jakaranda and Eucaliptus species and greens along the road contribute somewhat amenity of the area and mitigate threat of air pollution and noise. C) Some impact is expected due to increase in construction stage and operation stage. C) Removal and/or relocation of trees and greens on ROW may result 21 Landscape C greenery and aesthetics of the projected area. However, extent of impact is unknown at the present stage. No large-scale topographical alteration are expected. 22 Meteorology D Generation of greenhouse gases such as CO2 23 Global Warming D is expected to increase due road traffic during

to increase of number traffic volume. However. Extent f impact is not known. C) Emission of air pollutants from vehicles and machines for construction work are expected. O) Improvement of traffic congestion may give rise to increase in number of vehicles travelling Ugong Road. This may also result

24

Air pollution

in increase in emission of air pollutants such as SO2, NOx, exhaust particulates. In addition, poor emission control of many vehicles due to insufficient maintenance and inspection may accelerate to spew out bad smell and black smoke along the road. C) Water pollution due to inflow of soil and sand from construction work and wastewater from worker' camps is expected somewhat.

25

Water pollution

Environmental Pollution

C) Toxic materials such as asphalt emulsifiers utilized for road construction Soil 26 contamination B may give rise to soil contamination. However, extent of impact is unknown.

27

Bottom sediment

No reclamation and dredging work is expected.

C) Generation of soil, sand and construction waste is expected at quarry, 28 Waste B borrow pits, road construction work and worker's camp, etc.

C) Generation of noise and vibration from construction machines and Noise and 29 Vibration traffic volume is expected. Ground 30 Subsidence O) Increase in traffic volume may accelerate to spread over bad smell along 30 Offensive odor C the road due to poor emission control of vehicles. However, extent of impact is unknown. C) No major earth moving or reclamation is expected. C B vehicles is expected. O) Increase of noise and vibration due to increase in

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Note 1

* Environmental items in the scoping are prepared based on the JICA Guidelines for

Environmental and Social Considerations (2004) with some modifications as referred to the Environmental Guidelines for Infrastructures Projects (1992). Note 2: ** Regarding the impacts on "Gender" and "Children's Right" might be related to all criterion (items) of Social Environment. Note 3: Rating; *** In general, both beneficial and adverse impacts are expected due to the project activities. However, adverse impacts only are the subject of considerations according to the JICA Guidelines. A-Serious impact is expected, B- Some impact is expected, C- Extent of impact is unknown or not clear (Further examination is needed. It should be taken into consideration that impacts may become clear as study progresses. ) , Dnecessary.
Note 4: **** P) Planning Stage, C) Construction Stage, O) Operation stage

Negligible or No impact is expected. IEE/EIA is not

Some adverse impacts are expected for environmental items of involuntary resettlement (and/or land acquisition), air pollution, water pollution, noise and vibration etc. Therefore, the project is classified as category B according to categorization of the JICA Guidelines.

8. Envisioned mitigation measures and monitoring

The above mentioned adverse impacts should be fully taken into considerations to conduct further necessary baseline survey and examine the mitigation measures including avoidance and monitoring as much as possible as shown in Table 3. Baseline survey will be done to make further understanding of existing environment and the effects expected to be caused by the project activities. Mitigation measures will minimize the adverse impact to an acceptable level through the planning, construction and operation phases. Monitoring is required to ensure that the specified mitigation measures are properly carried out through construction and operation stages. Table 3 Necessary baseline survey and envisioned mitigation measures and monitoring
Rating Environment item *, ** *** P) 1) Identify the occurrence and feature of involuntary resettlement and expected PAPs through the detailed Social Environment survey on ROW based on cadastral map. 2) Make clear the procedure and Involuntary 1 Resettlement Department of Lands, Ministry of Lands. 4) Make clear compensation procedure for existing activities and structures on ROW by consulting with City Council of Nairobi and other according to both Kenyan Laws, and JICA Guidelines and RAP for other road project, e.g., RAP for the Missing Link No.3, 6 and 7. 3) To facilitate implementation of RAP and monitor result of compensation, restoring living B condition of land acquisition to Further necessary baseline study**** monitoring**** P, C, O) 1) From early stage of the plan, provide adequate information to PAPs and consult with stakeholders including PAPs to make agreement or thorough understanding of the issues as much as possible. 2) Project proponent (KURA) will formulate RAP (Resettlement Action Plan) Envisioned mitigation measures and

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concerned organizations.

conditions and livelihood after implementation.

Local economy such as 2 employment and livelihood etc. D

Survey on present employment condition and sources of income/livelihood in the Project area.

1) Promote cooperation with other city development projects, 2) Give local residents preference to have a chance to construction work.

Survey on existing land & resources Land use and 3 utilization of local resources C use and regulation.

1) Promote an adequate land and water resource development plan.

Social institutions such as social infrastructure and 4 local decision-making institutions Existing social 5 infrastructures and services D C

Survey on community structures, procedure of decision-making and opinion leaders in the Project area.

Information disclosure and public participation should be fully considered for all the stakeholders from early stage of planning for obtaining thorough understanding and consensus of the people and communities.

Survey on present situation and urgent needs of social infrastructures and services in the Project area. 1) Survey on living conditions and water supply needs of vulnerable

Promote cooperation with development plan of other social infrastructure and services.

If the poor and indigenous of ethnic people are expected to become PAPs, their rights in relation to land and resources must be respected and efforts should be made to obtain the consent of them with fully considerations to compensate properly or support to restore the present living condition.

The poor, 6 indigenous of ethnic people C

social groups such as the poor, women and children and indigenous ethnic people like Maasai in the Project area.

Survey on past experiences and causes Misdistribution of 7 benefit and damage C which may give rise to the misdistribution of benefit and damage in the communities.

Consultation with stakeholders including PAPs and community organization, should be planned from early stage to obtain understanding and consent among the stakeholders in order to share equal benefit and damage.

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Survey on the causes and solutions of local conflicts of interests in the Local conflict of 8 interests C Project area.

Consultation with stakeholders including PAPs and community organization, should be planned from early stage to obtain understanding and consent among the stakeholders in order to avoid or minimize local conflict of interests.

Inventory survey on cultural, historical Cultural property 9 and heritage area. Water usage or Water rights and 10 Rights of Common Survey on public health including Public health and 11 Sanitation C prevalence and cause of diseases, and sanitary condition in the Project area. Survey on existing cases and cause of Infectious 12 diseases such as HIV/AIDS B HIV/AIDS in the Project area. C Survey on water rights, fishing rights and rights of common in the Project area. C and religious property in the Project

1) Avoid the alignment very close to churches in the plan, 2)Promote campaign for protection of cultural property and heritage. Promote participation of those who have the rights and making consent in the course of the stakeholder meeting.

1) Monitoring cases of HIV/AIDS before and after the construction phase, 2) Enlightenment and campaign of prevention and cure of HIV/AIDS. Suitable planning and management of road

Hazards (cyclone, 13 drought, etc.) and risk and disasters. Collect and analyze accidents data due 14 Accidents C to construction work. Suitable planning and management for road construction work and for road traffic operation to prevent and minimize the accidents. C construction work and traffic management operation of to prevent and minimize the hazard

1) Survey on the area of unstable Topography and 15 Geology C ground conditions, 2) Detailed survey on ground conditions (stability, strength, etc.) of sites. Natural Environment Survey on the area of susceptible to 16 Soil erosion C soil erosion

1) Avoid the area of unstable ground conditions, 2) Measures for prevention of landslide at the construction site

1) Avoid the site of susceptible to soil erosion, 2) Measures for prevention of soil erosion at construction site.

Detailed survey on groundwater 17 Groundwater C (capacity, quality, aquifer materials etc.) Hydrological 18 situation/Drainage pattern C Detailed survey on hydrological features of rivers in the area (flow rate, water level, water quality etc.).

Measures to prevent penetration of polluted water to underground.

Monitoring water flow and quality of Ugong river.

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19

Coastal zone

D Detailed survey on protected and/or 1) Formulate environmental management plan for conservation of natural environment in accordance with Beautiful and Clean Nairobi Plan of the City. Survey on important landscape in the 1) Regulation to preserve important landscape, 2) Measure for greening water supply facilities to harmonize surrounding landscape.

Fauna, Flora and 20 Biodiversity

precious plant and animal species in the Project area.

21

Landscape

Project area.

22

Meteorology

23

Global Warming

D 1) Inventory survey on major air pollution sources, 2) Collect data of (C) Control of emission of air pollutants (dust, NOx etc.) from construction machines and vehicles due to construction work. (O) Proper management for control of vehicle exhaust emission and establish inspection system of

24

Air pollution

complaint about air pollution

exhaust gas emission 1) Inventory survey on major water 25 Water pollution B pollution sources, 2) Survey on water quality of rivers and streams in both dry and rainy season. Survey on present situation of soil contamination Environmental Pollution Soil 26 contamination sites of earth moving and construction work sites. Survey on present situation of bottom 27 Bottom sediment D sediment pollution in the Project area. 1) Monitoring of bottom sediment pollution in rivers. B in the Project area. 1) Proper treatment of water pollutants generated from construction work to comply with water quality regulation, 2) Water quality monitoring of rivers. 1) Prevent to accumulate of toxic materials in soil during construction and operation phase. 2) Monitoring of soil contamination around the

1) Survey on present situation and institutional structures of waste management system in the Project 28 Waste B area, 2) Establish proper management system of waste during construction stage, 3) Estimation of sludge generation from water treatment plant. 1) Inventory survey on source of noise Noise and 29 Vibration B and vibration, 2) Collect data of complaint about noise and vibration.

1) Careful planning and management for construction work to minimize waste generation. 2) Proper treatment and disposal of wastes generating from construction work.

1) Use low-noise and vibration equipment. 2) Examine construction schedule and avoid working in night time. 3) Installation of soundproof walls and buffer zones.

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Ground 30 Subsidence

Survey on complaint on ground C subsidence in the Project area

Monitoring the occurrence of ground subsidence.

Survey on complaint on offensive odor 30 Offensive odor C in the Project area.

Proper management for control of vehicle exhaust emission and establish inspection system of exhaust gas emission

Note1*,

2**,

3*** and 4**** are same as those of Table 2.

9. Consultation 9-1 Stakeholder meeting on IEE and involuntary resettlement issue The meeting was held in the course of Preliminary Study. Participants were peoples of Implementing Agency (KURA), Council of City Nairobi, Ministry of Lands and environment expert. 9-2 Items of discussions (1) Identification of major impacts due to the cooperation project and mitigation measures Some adverse impacts are expected for environmental items of involuntary resettlement (and/or land acquisition), air pollution, water pollution, noise and vibration etc. Among them involuntary resettlement is a matter of main concern. Thus further efforts should be conducted to confirm ROW to be surely secured and encroachments into ROW for identifying PAPs, and prepare Resettlement Action Plan by KURA. (2) EIA Approval by NEMA It is necessary to follow the progress in EIA approval for the project by MOR at first. Then it is also necessary to confirm if additional EIA and/or environmental and social considerations for the cooperation project are required or not. 10. Social Acceptability in case of involuntary Resettlement and Land Acquisition There are found gaps between Kenyan laws and donors policy including the JICA Guidelines about land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. For example, cash compensation is based upon market value and illegal encroachers are not entitled to compensation in Kenyan law, while compensation is based on replacement cost and Project Affected Persons (PAPs) are entitled to some forms of compensation whatever the legal/illegal recognition of the occupancy in donors policy. 11. Important Notice on Basic Design Research Before deciding the dispatch of the Basic Design Team, it is necessary to confirm the progress in the following matters to the Kenyan sides as mentioned in 9-2. (1) EIA Approval by NEMA - EIA approval for the project by MOR - Additional EIA and/or environmental and social considerations for the cooperation project are required or not.

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(2) Identification of PAPs and preparation of RAP - To confirm ROW to be surely secured and encroachments into ROW for identifying PAPs, and prepare Resettlement Action Plan by KURA. 13. Other relevant Information 13.1 References - Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999 (EMCA) - Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) regulations, 2003 (EIAAR) - Ministry of Roads: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study on the proposed Upgrading of All Saints Cathedral Junction - City Mortuary - Dagoreti Corner - Ngong Town (C61/C60) Roads - Karen - Bomas Roads (by APEC Consortium/CAS Ltd., August 2009). - JICA (2006.3): The Study on Master Plan for Urban Transport in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area in the Republic of Kenya, by Katahira & Engineers International and RECS International Inc. - Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and Ministry of Local Government: The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study A Final Report for the Missing Links Roads NOs. 3, 6 and 7 in the City f Nairobi (by AMI Development Services, Limited, July 2009. - City Council of Nairobi and Permanent Secretary, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and Ministry of Local Government: The Study on Socio-economic Impacts and Resettlement Action Plan for the Missing Links Numbers 3,6 &7 Intermediate Report (August 2009).

Map 1 Location map of the project area

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Map 2 Detailed Map of Ugong Road section - End -

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