Advanced Coal Technology

to Power the World

World Bank Energy Week

Raymond Baumgartner
Director- 60 Hz Reference Plants
Power Generation 1
Kodierung
 Coal Will Continue to Fuel Major Portion of
World Electrical Generation Capacity
Through 2025
2500

2000
2002
1500 2010
Total GW

2015
1000 2020
Concern is Impact 2025
500
on Environment
0
Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Renewables
EIA International Energy Outlook 2005

• Most abundant fossil fuel constituting 2/3 of world’s proven reserves

• Widely distributed with enough recoverable reserves to last 200 years
• US, Russia, China, India reserves constitute 67% of total

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 2

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Worldwide Coal-Fired Capacity by Region
2002-2025

800
700 Mature Market Economies
600 Transitional Economies
Emerging Economies
500
Total GW

400
EIA Definitions:
300 Mature Market: North America, Western
200 Europe, Japan
Transitional: Eastern Europe/FSU
100 Emerging: Asia, Africa, Middle East
0
2002 2010 2015 2020 2025
EIA International Energy Outlook 2005

• Modest growth in mature markets (largest in US)

• Significant growth in emerging markets (largest in China, India)
• Will add 3 billion metric tons of CO2 emissions annually

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 3

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Installed Coal-Fired Capacity

500
450
400
350
300 US
Total GW

250 China
200 India
150
100
50
0
2002 Additions 2025
ll EIA International Energy Outlook 2005

• US: 311GW (generating 50% of total capacity)

• China: 204 GW (generating 80% of total capacity)
• India: 66 GW (generating 70% of total capacity)

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 4

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 New Coal-Fired Capacity Additions
Through 2025

500
450
400
350
300 US
Total GW

250 China
200 India
150
100
50
0
2002 Additions 2025
EIA International Energy Outlook 2005

• US: 311 GW 90 GW 401 GW

• China: 204 GW 230 GW 434 GW
• India: 66 GW 60 GW 126 GW

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 5

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Coal-Fired Units in China

No. Units
few

500

400
Number of Units

300
No. Units
200

100

0
100-199 200-299 300-499 500-599 > 600
Output Range (MW)

Of the 1000 units in operation, ten 600 MW-class are supercritical

Most units installed since 1980 (but low fleet efficiency)
Less than 5% have emissions controls
March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 6
WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Technology for New Units in China

Coal Plant Ordering Pattern in China

Proportion of MW ordered >200 MW
Yuhuan – China´s first ultra-supercritical power plant
Yuhuan 4x1000 MW
262 bar, 600°C / 600°C

Waigaoqiao 2x900 MW
250 bar, 538°C / 566°C
subcritical supercritical

The good news is China is embracing large unit Ultra-supercritical technology

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 7

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Coal-Fired Units in India

25% Installed Capacity No. Units

few
< 24% Net Efficiency
160
140
Number of Units

120
100
80 No. Units
60
40
20
0
<100 100-200 200-250 500
Output Range (MW)
• 343 units in operation- no supercritical, no emission controls
• India’s 10/11th Plan- almost all 660 MW supercritical units
converted to 500 MW subcritical; few planned for future
• Actual capacity additions typically half of Plan
March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 8
WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Proven Technology is Available Today to
Significantly Reduce Environmental
Impact Tomorrow
46
Ultra-
45 Fuel: Bituminous coal Supercritical
LHV Net efficiencies [%]
tic al 285 bar
44
pe rcri 600°C

Su 270 bar
580°C
620°C

43 600°C

250 bar
42 Subcritical 566°C
250 bar
167 bar 566°C
540°C
538°C
41 560°C
538°C

40

1%-Point gain in efficiency for typical 700 MW plant reduces

• 30-yr lifetime emissions by
2000 t NOx, 2000 t SO2, 500 t Particulates
2 ½ Mio t CO2
• fuel consumption by 2.4%
March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 9
WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Proven Technology is Available Today to
Significantly Reduce Environmental
Impact Tomorrow
46
Ultra-
45 Fuel: Bituminous coal Supercritical
LHV Net efficiencies [%]
tic al 285 bar
44
pe rcri 600°C

Su 270 bar
580°C
620°C

43 600°C

250 bar
42 Subcritical 566°C
250 bar
167 bar 566°C
540°C
538°C
41 560°C
538°C

40

Presently > 400 supercritical units in operation

Supercritical technology is proven in operating units worldwide
Capital costs are reasonable compared to subcritical units (only 2-5% higher)
Manufacturing capability in many countries, including China, India

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 10

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Siemens has built Supercritical Unit
References Worldwide

in Operation in Operation in Operation

since 2002 since 2003 since 2004

Isogo, Japan Niederaussem, Germany Waigaoqiao 1+2, China

1x1025 MW / Main Steam: 265 bar/576°C 2x900 MW / Main Steam: 250bar / 538°C
1x600 MW / Main Steam: 251 bar / 600°C
Reheat Steam: 600°C, Condenser: 0.0291/0.0368 bar Reheat Steam: 566°C, Condenser: 0.049/0.0368 bar
Reheat Steam: 610°C, Condenser:0.0507 bar

planned Operation planned Operation planned Operation

in 2007 in 2008 in 2009

Kogan Creek, Australia Yuhuan, China Waigaoqiao 3, China

1x750 MW / Main Steam: 250 bar / 540°C 4x1000 MW / Main Steam: 262.5 bar / 600°C 1x1000 MW / Main Steam: 270 bar / 600°C
Reheat Steam: 560°C, Condenser: 0.2 bar Reheat Steam: 600°C, Condenser: 0.054/0.044 bar Reheat Steam: 600°C, Condenser: 0.054/0.044 bar

Up to 1000 MW with steam parameters up to 265 bar and over 600 °C

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 11
WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 Siemens Remains Committed to
Designing and Building Clean, Efficient
Power Plants Worldwide
By investing significant R&D in advanced coal technologies including

Ultra Supercritical Plants Integrated Gasification CC Plants

By investing heavily in large manufacturing plants worldwide, including

China

The technology is available … the manufacturing is available …

all that is needed is a commitment to use our precious resources
more effectively
March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 12
WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 What Should we do to Protect the
Environment for Future Generations?

For Countries Rich in Natural Gas

 Build high efficiency combined-cycle plants (but plan fuel diversity)

For Emerging Countries with Small Installed Grids and low Natural Gas
Reserves
 Build small (250-500 MW) coal plants using modern day subcritical
technology with low NOX burners and post-combustion emissions
controls for SO2 and particulates

For Emerging Countries Rich in Coal with Large Installed Grids and Mature
Countries Rich in Coal
 Continue to clean up/retire old coal-fired operating units
 Build large (600-1000 MW) supercritical/ultrasupercritical coal plants
with post-combustion emissions controls for NOX, SO2 and particulates
 Embrace IGCC as it becomes more commercially available
 Continue development toward CO2 capture

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 13

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
 How Can the World Financing Community
Help?

Present Emissions Guidelines for Coal-Fired Plants

mg/Nm3 World Bank Typical US/EU Available Technology
NOX 750 150 - 200 LNB+SCR
SO2 2000 200 FGD
Particulates 50 30 ESP
LNB = Low NOx Burners/ SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction/
FGD = Flue Gas Desulphurization/ ESP = Electrostatic Precipitator

 Bring Emission Guidelines in line with requirements in rest of

the world and available technologies
 Stipulate efficiency thresholds to promote advanced coal
technologies
 Promote carbon credits to effectively reduce CO2

March 7, 2006 World Bank Energy Week 2006 Power Generation 14

WorldBank_EnergyWeek.ppt
Advanced Coal Technology
to Power the World A Sound Commitment
Today for Generations
to Come

Thank You
World Bank Energy Week

Raymond Baumgartner
Director- 60 Hz Reference Plants
Power Generation 15
Kodierung